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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02 全解读时间状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案
（Adverbial clause of time）
【考点导航】
【考例1】（2020新课标III卷）__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where
he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
答案与解析：as/ when。考查时间状语从句连接词。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，
且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母
要大写。故填When/As。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑
着指着河的下游。
【考例2】（2017年北京）If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to
other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
答案与解析：C。考查状语从句连接词辨析。A. because因为；B. though尽管；C. until直到；D.
since目从。如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意
可知选用until，直到，选C。
【考例3】（2016新课标III卷）Over time，____________the population grew，people began
cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
答案与解析：as/when。考查时间状语从句。as是连词，表示"随着"的意思，引导时间状语从句，
故填as。句意：随着人口的增长，人们把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点。
【基本概念】
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句（Adverbial clause of
time）。时间状语从句可以置于句尾或句首，置于句首时常用逗号与主句隔开。
常用引导时间状语从句的从属连词有 when（当……时），while（在……期间），as（当……，一
边……一边……），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），once (一……就……，一旦……), since
（从……以来），till/until（直到），by the time（到……为止），whenever（无论何时），as soon as
（一……就）等。表示“一……就”的还有hardly...when，scarcely...when，no sooner...than，名词当作连词
用的the moment/the minute/the second/the instant, 副词当作连词用的 immediately /directly/ instantly。表示
“每当”的还有当作连词用的 every time和each time。名词作为连词使用(the) next time（下次……） ,(the)last time（最后一次……）, the first time（第一次……），the day (week, month, year, morning, afternoon)
（某事发生的那天/周/月/年/早晨/下午）等。这里要注意一点的是，如果主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一
般现在时表示将来意义。
【高考热点】
1. 时间状语从句引导词之间区别。
2. when引导时间状语从句和作为关系副词引导定语从句的区别。
3. when和while本身可以引导时间状语从句，同时还可以作为并列连词的用法。
4. 时间状语从句的时态问题。
5. 以名词、副词或者介词短语形式出现的引导词，像the moment, every time，directly, by the time等。
6. 固定句型中的时间状语从句引导词和状语从句的省略。
【考点解读】
一、when, while, as, whenever
1. when所引导从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于其发生。所指的时间可以是时间点也可
以是时间段，因此从句的谓语动词用非延续性动词和延续性动词都可以。如：
When he left the house, I was sitting in the garden. 当他离开家时，我正在院子里坐着。（left是终止性动词，
不能与while连用）
While/When he was in London, he studied music. 当他在伦敦时，他学习音乐。
When I had read the article, she called me.我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。(从句动作发生在主句
之前，注意时态表达，只能用when。此处when相当于after。)
It was raining hard when (as) I got there.我到那里时，正在下大雨。(动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但
不能换为while，因为get“到达”是非延续性动词。)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang. 他正要离开，忽然电话响了。
【考例】（XXXX四川卷）Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break
she got to her office.
A. since B. that C. when D. until
解读： C。由关键词already提示知道指时间，根据句子一般过去时谓语动词排除与完成时连用的
since，until表示“直到”。when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故选 C。句意是：因为交通阻
塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。
【考例】(XXXX福建卷) Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney lastyear.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
解读：C。从语境上看主从句之间不是因果关系，A项so...that引导结果状语从句，干扰性最强。连词
when表示“当……时”。故选C。句意是：Nancy去年在悉尼拜访朋友时玩得很开心。
【考例】(XXXX四川卷) There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.
A. when B. until C. that D. where
解读: A。句意是：当大家都坐下来之后还剩下一些椅子。
when作为并列连词表示“正……突然……”，相当于and just then，此时when引起的句子不能放在句
首。主句动词多为was/were about to do, was/were doing等，一般表达 “正在” “即将”。如：
【考例】（XXXX全国卷II）Tom was about to close the windows_____ his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if C. and D. till （选A）
2. whenever指的是“无论什么时候，每次”，表示任何一个不具体的时间。如：
Come whenever you like. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。
Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次见到他，我们都和他说话。（强调任何时候）
3. while与when意思相同，但是所表示的动作只可以是延续性的动作或状态。如：
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially when (while) father was away.
妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
He entered the room while (when, as) the meeting was going on.
正当开会的时候他走进了房间。（指一段时间，从句的谓语是延续性动词）
While he was eating, I asked him to lend me $2. 当他正在吃饭时，我请他借给我二英镑。
【考例】(XXXX上海卷) —Are you ready for Spain？
—Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.
A. while B. until C. if D. before （选A）
解读: A。根据“为到西班牙做好准备”看出是“让女孩子们(女儿们)年轻的时候去体验(西班牙风
情)”。
while作为并列连词表示对比、对照关系，也可以引导让步状语从句。如：
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。
【考例】（XXXX四川卷） In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and
raise their children.
A. but B. while C. because D. though （选B）4. as与while都可以译作“一边……一边……，正当……的时候”，另外 as还有“随着……”的意思，表
示进展过程，动词通常为动作动词。如：
As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得更有才智了。（强调进展过
程，用as最好，表示“随着…”）
【典例】Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
解读：A。主从句动作先后发生常用when；两个较长动作同时发生用while；特别强调主从句动作同
时发生用as，译作“一边……一边”。during是介词，不可以引导句子。
比较：【考例】 (XXXX辽宁卷)He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his
ears.
A.why B.where C.when D.while
解读: C。本题句意为：他吃饭吃到一半的时候突然听到一个熟悉的声音。when表示“突然，这时”,
相当于and when，引导的是并列分句。A项why表示原因，B项where表示地点，D项while表示“在……
期间”，其后要跟持续性动作。故选C。
二、before，after, until(till), since
1. before强调“在……之前”，根据不同的语境可以翻译成“还没有来得及……就；趁……；要过多久
才……”等。如：
Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.
在驾驶公共汽车前,他们必须通过专门测验。
He stopped before I asked him not to.我还没有来得及告诉他不要停，他就停了下来。
It won’t be long before she graduates from Beijing University.
要不多久他就从北京大学毕业了。
【考例】（XXXX福建卷）The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly,
and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before B. until C. as D. since
解读：A。根据关键词hardly“几乎没有”可以看出句子的意思是“那个女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就
突然开了，他的朋友跑出来迎接她”。not…until“直到……才”，as“随着…”，since“自从”。Before在此
意思是“还没来得及……就……”，符合题意。故选A。
【考例】（XXXX陕西卷）John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since（选C）2. after“在……之后”，是before的反义词。如：
She left after they arrived. 她在他们到达后走了。
I found his pen after he had left. 在他走后，我找到了他的笔。
I'll call him after I get to the school. 我到学校以后就给他打电话。
3. until(till)“直到……”，在肯定句中表示主句谓语动词的动作一直延续到 until所指的时间才结束，注意主
句谓语动词不可以用终止性动词。但是在否定句中主句的谓语动词可以用终止性动词，表示到until所指的
时间动作才开始，not…until译作“直到……才……”。如：
He waited until (till) the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later.
他一直等到火山平息下来，两天后他才得以重回火山上。
I couldn't sew until I was six. 我直到六岁时才会用针缝东西。
Go straight on until you come to a large building.一直往前走, 直到你走到一座大楼。
虽然till与until同义, 但在主句前的从句或短语中, 通常用until。如:
Until then, I knew nothing at all about it. 在那时以前, 我对这事一无所知。
Until he returns, nothing can be done.他不回来什么也不能做。
【考例】(XXXX 天津卷) It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that
lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when （选A）
4. since“自从……”，所引导从句的谓语动词一般用非延续性动词，主句用完成时态。如果所引导从句的
谓语动词是延续性动词或者表示状态动词的过去形式，所表示的就是动作或状态的完成或结束。如：
Since he lived in Nanjing, I haven’t heard from him.自从他离开南京以来，我没有收到他的来信。
What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么？
句型it is /has been +时间段+since sb. did sth.表示“自从……有多久了”，从句的谓语动词要是延续性
动词，则表示“有多久没有做某事了。如：
It is three years since we joined the army. 我们参军三年了。
It is nearly four months since I smoked. 我有四周不抽烟了。
since when…表示“自从某时起”，后面跟从句，其中的when所指的是前面的时间。如：
She wrote a month ago，since when we've heard nothing.
一个月前她来过信，从那时起我们就没听到过她的消息。
We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad.
我们一星期前来到这里, 从那时起天气一直不好。
【考例】(XXXX山东卷)The book was written in 1946, _________ the education system has witnessed greatcharges.
A．when B．during which C．since then D．since when
解读：D。后面的句子成分齐全，根据从句的现在完成时可以排除A和B。then是副词，不可以来连
接句子，选"when"，指代前边的"in 1946", 属于定语从句，如果不要逗号变成并列句则是：That was written
in 1946 (and since 1946 )the education system has witnessed great changes.。
三、as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely)…when, no sooner…than
本组连词都有“一……就……”的意思，as soon as从句的谓语动词根据情况可以用一般现在时、一般
过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时。hardly (scarcely)…when, no sooner…than中的否定副词hardly, no sooner
置于句首要时，主句的谓语动词要用部分倒装结构，而且多用于过去完成时。
I shall come as soon as I’ve finished supper. 我一吃过饭就来。
Once he arrives we can start. 他一到我们就可以动身。
Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. 我刚开开门，他就告诉了我。
No sooner had I finished telling the news than she began to cry.
我还没有把消息讲完她就哭了起来。
They had hardly talked for half an hour when she entered. = They had hardly talked for half an hour
when/before she entered. 他们才谈了不到半个小时，她就进来了。
【考例】（XXXX安徽卷）Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one ____it
becomes available.
A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until（选A）
【典例】He _____ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.
A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got (选D)
四、the moment(second, minute, instant…), every (each) time, directly (immediately, instantly), by the time,
next time, the first time, the last time, the day (year, month…), the spring (winter…)
除了常用的连词引导时间状语外，有些表面上看是名词、副词或介词短语也可以直接跟句子引导状语
从句，以上所列短语都可以引导时间状语从句。
1. the moment (second, minute, instant…)“一……就”，同as soon as。如：
She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.
她一听说发生了事故，就立刻到现场来了。
The minute I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。【典例】–Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her ?
–Yes, I gave it to her______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D.once
解读：B。句意是“我一看见她就还给她了”，故选B。虽然once也可表示“一……就……”，但含
有很强的条件意味，即“一旦”，不合语境。
2. directly(immediately, instantly)，同as soon as，形式上是副词，但是可以作连词用。如：
We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。
I came immediately I heard the news.我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。
3. every (each) time“每当……”，基本同whenever。如：
You seem to have a ready-made answer, each (every) time I ask you a question.
每逢我问你问题, 你总好像有现成的答案。
The child smiles every (each) time/ whenever the puppy appears.
每当那小狗一露面, 这孩子便面带笑容。
Each/Every time he comes here, he will drop in on me.每次他来这儿他都顺便看我．
4. by the time“到……时候”，主句多用完成时。如：
By the time he was five he had learned about two thousand words and expressions.
到他五岁时， 他已经学了大约2000个单词和短语。
【典例】：He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ______ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate
解读：C。句意是“到下年他大学毕业时，他的英语就学了八年了”。 by the time引导时间状语从
句，谓语动词要求用一般现在时代替一般将来时。故选C。
5. next time“下次做某事的时候”，the first time“第一次做某事的时候”，the last time“最后一次做某事
的时候”。如：
Next time you come here, please bring your little brother.
你下次来的时候，带上你的小弟弟一起来。
6. the day (year, month…), the spring (winter…)表示某事发生的“那天、那年、那月”或者“那个春天、冬
天”等。注意表示时间的名词前有定冠词the。如：
The winter he stayed in Beijing he found a good job.
他在北京的那年冬天找到了一份好的工作。
The day his son was born, he was in France on business.
他儿子出世那天，他正在法国出差。The week I stayed in Beijing, I found it not easy to find a better job.
我在北京的那一周，我发现想找到一份较好的工作很困难。
The first time I deceived my grandparents I felt rather shabby, perhaps even the second time.
第一次欺瞒我的祖父袒母时，我感到自己有点卑鄙，也许第二次也是这样。
The last time I spoke here, I expressed the hope that our life would return to normal.
上次我在这里演讲时，就表达了我们的生活能够回归到以前正常的希望。
【难点诠释】
1. It be +时间段名词+ when / before / since/ that句型
“It be +时间点+when…”表示“当……时，时间是……”。
“It be +时间点+ before…”表示“在……之前，时间是……”。
“It be +时间段+before…”表示“过……之后才……”，若 be 是否定式，则表示“没过多久……
就……”。
“It be +时间段+since…”表示“自从……以来有多久了”，但若从句谓词是延缓性动词时，则意为“（多
久）不做……了”。
“It be +时间状语+that +被强调部分”是强调句型。
如：It is 8 years since he joined the army. 他参军8年了。
It’s 8 weeks since he smoked. 他有8周不抽烟了。
It will be 8 hours before we know the result of the examination.
再过八个小时我们才能知道考试的结果。
It was about 8:00 when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
当我们到达山脚下的时候大约是八点钟。
It was at about 8 o’clock that we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
我们大概是八点钟的时候到达山脚下的。 (强调句型)
比较：It was not long after he was born that his mother died．
他出生不久以后，他母亲就去世了。
【考例1】(XXXX福建卷)—Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock he arrived home.
A．before B．when C．that D．until
解读：B。根据问句知道肯定回答意思是“当他到家时还不到八点”，答句的 arrived home与问句的come
back相对应，因此意思是“当……时候”，与连接副词when的意思吻合，故选B。注意eight o’clock是时间点，所以不用before。
【考例2】(XXXX安徽卷)That was really a splendid evening. It’s years_____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A．when B. that C. before D. since
解读：D。根据it后现在时谓语动词is 和从句一般过去时谓语，应用since，故选D。enjoy是延续性动
词，表示“多年没这么快乐过了”。
2. 有关until的特殊句型
1）强调句：it wasn’t until…that… 2)部分倒装句：Not until…如：
It wasn’t until Sunday morning that I heard the news.直到星期天上午我才听到这个消息。
Not until after the war did they meet.直到战后他们才见面。
考例：(XXXX 浙江卷) It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we
had a lot in common.
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that （选D）
【牛刀小试】
一、〖真题演练〗从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. (XXXX上海卷) You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.
A. before B. if C. while D. as
A。从学校图书馆借图书需要学生证，没有学生证不可以借书，所以“在没有学生之前”不可以借书。
2. (XXXX辽宁卷) I used to love that film _____ I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more.
A. once B. when C. since D. although
3.（XXXX北京卷） I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back.
A. before B. since C. till D. after （选A）
4.（XXXX辽宁卷） I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A. once B. when C. since D. although
5. (XXXX 江西卷) He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________he could recover and
return to work.
A. when B. before C. since D .that
6. (XXXX 安徽卷). The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we
meet them again.
A. after B. before C. since D. when7. （XXXX安徽卷）That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
8. (XXXX四川卷)—Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
—He rushed out of the room_______ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
9. (XXXX辽宁卷) We told that we should follow the main road_____ we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
10. (XXXX广东卷) You can't have this football back_____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again.” the old
man said firmly.
A. because B. since C. when D. until
11. (XXXX湖南卷) I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ______ I
heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
12：（XXXX 福建卷）You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.
A. before B. once C. until D. though
〖keys〗1-5 ABABB 6-10 BDABD 11-12. BB
二、〖创新试题〗从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. Scarcely had we reached the school _________ it began to rain.
A. after B. when C. than D. until
2. It won’t be ________ they meet again.
A. before long B. long before C. long after D. since when
3. _______ the meeting ended, the people left the hall.
A. During B. While C. When D. For
4. Mother was worried because Little Tony was ill, especially ____ Father was away in London.
A. that B. if C. as D. during
5. I had no sooner got to school _____ it began to snow heavily.
A. when B. than C. while D. as
6. _______ he arrived, he told the police officer what was happening there.
A. Hardly B. While C. Moment D. The moment
7. I won’t let you out of the house ______ you show me your pass.A. except B. but C. until D. for
8. It wasn’t _________ they had a discussion that they made up their mind.
A. until B. before C. unless D. if
9. My daughter has a degree in computer science, so I used to call her ______ I had questions.
A. though B. no matter how C. since when /D. whenever
10. It is almost five years_______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. when C.after D. since
〖keys〗1-5 BACCB 6-10 DCAD
