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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02 名词性从句考点扫描+巩固练习+答案解析
【考题展示】
【考例1】（2023新高考II卷） They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with
international journalists. This is they need an English trainer.
答案与解析：why。考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，
空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达
“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
【考例2】（2020江苏高考真题）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of
time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
答案与解析：A。考查主语从句。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪
里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，
whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
【考例3】（2020浙江高考真题）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on could
be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案与解析：what。考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的
猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词
应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【考例4】（2020天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________
Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
答案与解析：B。考查名词性从句。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句
中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。句意：为
了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。
【考例5】（2020年北京卷）Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys
cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it's possible.
答案与解析：if/whether。考查名词性从句连词。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从
句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。【考点扫描】
名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。现根据其引导词将其主要特性总结
如下：
一、名词性that从句
由从属连词that引导的从句叫作名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任
任何成分，本身也没有实义。名词性that从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，但
是一般不作介词宾语。
【考例1】I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.（XXXX·北京卷）
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案与解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可
以省略。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心!
【考例 2】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than
anyone else on the sports field. (XXXX·浙江卷）
A how B that C which D whether
【答案与简析】B。本题考查同位语从句。belief所跟从句对其内容进行解释说明，是同位语从句。
that引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分，从句不缺成分。句意：在最高水平上取得成功的唯一
方法就是要完全相信在那个运动场上，你比其他任何人都优秀。
【考例3】 Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in
literature.(XXXX·陕西卷)
A. what B. that C. why D. how
【答案与解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。介词for后面是一个句子，因此是介词宾语从句，排除B；从
句中及物动词 achieve 没有宾语，用连接代词 what 作其宾语。句意：读完了她的自传后，我对 Doris
Lessing在文学上所取得的成就佩服地五体投地。
二、名词性wh-从句
由wh-引导的名词从句叫作名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever,
which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, why, 以及how,等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-
从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语。如：
It caused them to think about how they might control the experiences of children to produce responsible and
productive adults.这让他们思考如何控制孩子们的经历，培养出负责任和有生产力的成年人。
【考例1】（2021年3月天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy
ideas.
A．whether B．why C．what D．when
答案与简析：B。考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。
A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，
该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以
本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。
【考例2】The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about __________she lived.（2021北京
卷）
【答案与解析】where。考查宾语从句。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪
里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住
在哪里。
【考例3】（2018年6月天津）(2018·）The gold medal will be awarded to _______ wins the first place in
the bicycle race.
A．whomeverB．wherever C．whoever D．whatever
【答案与解析】C。考查名词性从句连接词。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表
示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。
【考例4】 _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(XXXX·北京卷)
A. Where B.How C.Why D. When
【答案与解析】B。本题考查主语从句。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。句
意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。
【考例5】 Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the
future. (XXXX·北京卷)
A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. however
【答案与解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。及物动词believe后的句子是宾语从句，但是谓语动词has
happened没有主语，用连接代词，只有A项是连接代词，其余选项都是连接副词，不能作主语。
【考例6】 Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety.（2022年6月天
津卷）
A．how B．what C．why D．which【答案与解析】A。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词
involves的宾语，从句中主语是you，谓语动词process是及物动词意思是“处理、加工”，所跟宾语是
things such as stress and anxiety, 这样看从句不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如
何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。
【考例7】The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.（XXXX·四川卷）
A. where B. why C. what D. which
【答案与解析】B。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项 C和D排
除。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。如果说“我们在哪儿阻止空气污染”
则不符合逻辑。故选B。
【考例8】 If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.
Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.（XXXX·浙江卷）
A. what B. who C. that D. whoever
【答案与解析】A。本句考查宾语从句。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格是主语。指代的是树枝
或石头，B项和D项指人，that 只有语法意义，不作成分。故选A。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请
确定查看水面下有什么，通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。
【考例9】A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for. (XXXX·安徽卷)
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
【答案与解析】A。本题考查表语从句。is not后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的 for后缺少宾语，用
what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的
目的。
三、if和whether引导的名词性从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句其功能和wh-从句的功能基本相同，但在下列情况用whether不用
if：与不定式连用；在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中；作介词宾语；宾语从句放在句首表示强调时；引
导主语从句；引导表语从句；引导同位语从句。
【考例1】Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she
could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.（2022年浙江1月卷）
【答案与解析】whether或if。考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者
是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，
故填whether或if。【考例2】It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park. (XXXX·
天津卷)
A. whether B. how C. if D. when
【答案与简析】A。本句考查主语从句。it是形式主语，横线后才是真正的主语，根据or提示用
whether引导主语从句。
【考例】（2017 年 6 月天津卷）She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I
admitted that I hadn’t.
A．when B．where C．whether D．what
答案与解析：C。考查宾语从句。句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A.
when什么时候；B. where在哪里；C. whether是否；D. what什么。根据句意，故选C。
四、形式主语和宾语it
（一）通常主语从句比较长，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，保持句子平衡，常常用it作形式主语，真正
作主语的主语从句后置。后置的常是 that引导的主语从句，也可以是what, whether等引导从主语从句。
如：
To seek what is impossible is madness: and it is impossible that the bad should not do something of this kind.
追求不可能的即疯狂：恶人让他们不作恶都不可能。（其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that the bad
should not do something of this kind）
It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.
别人怎么看你，与你无关，相信你自己。（其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是what other people think
about you.）
【考例】（2020江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
答案与解析：whether。考查主语从句。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where
在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主
语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
（二）当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语
前使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从
句)”。如：
I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好这件事不容易。
I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining.我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
但是，以下几种形式宾语比较特殊，同学们需引起注意(同时它们也是高考的常考考点):
1. 动词+ it + that-从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put, like等。如：
I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
2.动词+ it +when (if)-从句。用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike,
appreciate, prefer等。如：
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
We would appreciate it if you can communicate with others by copying, telephone and fax!
【误用】I hate when they with their mouths full of food.
【指正】hate 后加上it。
有些动词不直接跟宾语从句，带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加 it，这类动词主要是：hate, take(认为),
owe, have, see to(负责，务必使…), appreciate等。
3.动词+ prep + it + that-从句。用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick
to, depend on,answer for等。如：
See to it that you're not late again.注意千万不要再迟到。
Look to it that this doesn't happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。I can't answer for it that he will come.我不
能保证他会来。
You may rely on it that he'll come to meet you.你放心，他会来接你的。
4.动词+ it +介词短语+ that-从句。如：
I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us.我认为他会帮助我们的。
See to it that all the dishes are cleared away immediately after lunch.
【跟踪训练1】
在横线上填上适当的连词，使句子意义通顺。
1. We must never think _____ we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.2. She will give_____ needs help a warm support.
3. _______ he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
4. This is ________ our problem lies.
5. The reason why he was late was _______ he missed the train by one minute this morning.
6. He didn not see the film last night. That is ______ he had to help his little sister with her homework.
7. The thought came to him _______Mary had probably fallen ill.
8. ______ method you use, the result is much the same.
9. The question ________ we need it has not been considered.
10. I doubt ________ we’ll ever see George again.
11. _________ you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
12. It has not been decided _________will take the place of the manager.
Keys:1. that 2.whoever 3.Whether 4. where
5.that 6.because 7. that 8. Whichever
9.whether 10.whether/if 11.That 12.who
【跟踪训练2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. _______ is clear that you have made a big mistake in your experiment.
A.That B.What C.It D.As
2. The headmaster announced the news _______our team had won the match.
A.What B.which C.whether D.that
3. The question is _______ the film is worth seeing.
A.whether B.if C.that D.what
4. I got wet all through. That’s _____ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.
A.because B.why C.what D.which
5. _______ the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．
A. That...because B.What...that C.What...whether D.That...if
6. ________ I want to know is _______ road we should take.
A. That; what B. What; what C. That; which D. What; which
7. ________ you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
A.What B.Whatever C.That D.Whichever8. What I want to tell you is that _______ I spend my summer is no business of yours.
A.which B. that C.where D.what
9. ________ is top wins the game when two matched players meet.
A. No matter who B. Whoever C. Who D. Whomever
10. He told us the truth _______ he fell down from his bike this afternoon.
A.that B.which C.what D.it
II. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。
1. The teacher told us ______________ (光比声音传播得快) .
2. _________ (他同谁结婚) remains unknown.
3.He made clear his desire ________ (他要努力学习考上大学) .
4. Soon came the order _________ (所有人都要遵守制度) .
5. I think it necessary _________ (我们喝足量的水) every day.
6. Now it was ___________ (好像她认识) Millie for years.
7. There is no doubt _________ (他适合这一工作) .
8. _____________ (邀请多少人) is still a question.
9. He is no longer _________ (以前的他了) .
10. We discussed __________ (是否要开一个会) .
Keys: I. 1-5 CDAAB 6-10 DCCBA
II.1.that light travels faster than sound 2Who he will marry.
3.that he should work hard to go to college 4.that all the people should obey the rules
5. that we (should) take plenty of hot water 6.as though/as if she had known
7.that he is fit for this job 8. what he was
9.How many people we are to invite 10.whether we should hold a meeting
【跟踪训练3】
第二组试题
1. ______ the thief wanted to know was ______ the treasure had been hidden.
A. That, what B. What, that C. What, where D. What, if
2. I can’t tell _____ play is more interesting.
A. that B. which C. if D. what3. We heard the news _____ he set a new world record in the high jump.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
4. The question is _______ it is worth visiting.
A. that B. if C. as if D. whether
5. ______ surprised us very much that Tom left without a word.
A. What B. It C. That D. This
6. They want to make it clear to the public ____ they do an important job.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
7. It looked _____ it was going to snow.
A. as B. if C. whether D. as if
8. I don’t doubt ______he can do a good job.
A. that B. whether C. if D. how
9. You can take _____ room you prefer.
A. what B. whichever C. that D. which
10. I’ll remember ________ the teacher teaches us.
A. that B. no matter what C. no matter which D. whatever
11. ______they will set off is not decided.
A. Whom B. Which C. What D. When
12. _____ he has gone is not known yet.
A. That B. Which C. When D. Where
13. We asked the boss _____ to build this plant.
A. how long it had taken B. how long it was taken
C. how much time it was taken D. how much time did it take
14. ______ he did was right. So everyone always trusts him.
A. How B. When C. Whatever D. What
15. ______do you think did it yesterday?
A. Who B. Whom C. Whoever D. What
16. He made a promise _____ he would help me when I was in trouble.
A. when B. what C. which D. that
17. _______ I wanted to say.
A. Such was that B. Such was what
C. That was such D. What was such18. ______was a well-known fact.
A. That their team was weak B. That their team being weak.
C. Which their team being weak D. What their team was weak.
19. It makes no difference _____ we will go today or tomorrow.
A. if B. whether C. either D. that
20. It was true _____ the boy did surprised us all.
A. that what B. what that C. that D. what
21. His stepmother did _____ she could ______ the boy.
A. What, help B. that, help C. what, to help D. that, to help
22. I wish you _____ last week’s meeting.
A. had attended B. has attend C. attend D. could attended
23. ______ is troubling me is _____ I don’t know ____ to deal with that naughty boy.
A. What, that, What B. That, that, What
C. What, What, how D. What, that, how
24. _____ you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on _____ you do and _____ you do it.
A. If, What, why B. Whether, what, how
C. Whether, how, why D. That, whether, howdy
25. --- Do you still remember _____ he was taken to the hospital?
--- Yes, he was sent to the hospital in Mr. Smith’s car.
A. why B. how C. when D. that
KEY： 1-5 CBADB 6-10 DDABD 11-15 DDACA 16-20 DBABA 21-25 CADBB
1. 点拨：选C. What引导主语从句表示要知道的事情，Where引导的表语从句，表示地点。
2. 点拨：选B. which引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句作定语，表示“哪－……”。
3. 点拨：选A. that引导的从句作news的同位语，陈述一件事情。
4. 点拨：选D. 表疑问含义的表语从句，在表语从句中一般whether而不使用if.
5. 点拨：选B. it代替主语从句作形式主语，this，that不能作形式主语，what引导从句直接作主语。
6. 点拨：选D. it在句中作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语从句，且宾语从句中不缺成分。
7. 点拨：选D. 连系动词look之后用as if引导表语从句，意思为“似乎，好像”。
8. 点拨：选A. 含有doubt的句子是肯定句时，从句用whether或if引导，是否定句或疑问句时，从句用
that引导。
9. 点拨：选B. whichever room=any room that. whichever既引导一个宾语从句，又在宾语从句作宾语。10. 点拨：选D. no matter只引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作成分，teach后需接双
宾语，故选whatever。
11. 点拨：选D. When引导主语从句，表示时间。
12. 点拨：选D. A、B不合题意，因题中“has gone”不适合用when，故用where引导的主语从句。
13. 点拨：选A. 句型It takes(sb) some time to do sth 不用被动语态，对时间提问用how long。在本题中作
宾语，且用陈述语序。
14. 点拨：选 C. What 只表示做对了某一件事，但每个人总是都信赖他，说明他做什么都是对的，
whatever=anything that。
15. 点拨：选A. do you think为插入语，句子的意思为“你认为昨天谁干了这件事？”且句中缺主语，故选
who。
16. 点拨：选D. promise后面接一个同位语从句，说明其具体内容。
17. 点拨：选B. Such提前形成倒装，代替主语内容，what引导一个主语从句，并且What在从句中作主
语。
18. 点拨：选A. 事实是一件事情，需要一个主语从句，在主语从句中不缺少成分，故选that引导的主语从
句。
19. 点拨：选B. it作形式主语，后面是主语从句，A、C不能引导主语从句，D项不合题意。
20. 点拨：选A. it作形式主语，what引导的主语从句中又含有一个主语从句，用what引导，代替“孩子所
做的事情”。
21. 点拨：选C. did之后跟what引导的从句作宾语，she could(do)省略了do，what充当do的宾语，后面动
词不定式作目的状语。
22. 点拨：选A. whish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用过去完成时表示过去时未曾实现的愿望。
23. 点拨：选D. 主语从句中缺主语，所以用what引导，表语从句陈述一件事情，不缺成分，故用 that引
导，how……deal with……是固定搭配。
24. 点拨：选B. “是否成功将取决于……”前面是主语从句，只能用 whether引导，介词on 后面跟两个宾
语从句，第一个宾语从句中缺宾语，故用what引导，第二个宾语从句表达方式，所以用how。
25. 点拨：选B. 从题干的回答可以看出，问的是he was sent to the hospital的方式，故选how。
