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高考英语语法词汇专项突破: 聚焦非谓语动词九大考点+巩固练习+答案解析
[非谓语动词考题展示]
【考例1】(2023▪全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was
amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage
(遗产) while constantly growing.
答案与解析:Having visited。考查非谓语动词。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句
主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此
推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。句意:
在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不
断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
【考例2】(2023▪全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years
(record) everything I discovered.
答案与解析:recording。考查非谓语动词spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这
里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。。句意:作为一名摄影师,我
花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。
【考点分析】
非谓语动词与动词的时态和语态一样是高考热点。主要考查要点有 1)非谓语动词中
不定式、动词ing和过去分词的功能,2)非谓语动词各自否定形式构成 3)非谓语动词
的时态和语态上的区别 4)带有非谓语动词的独立主格结构或者是 with的复合宾语结
构。
【应考指南】
在做题过程中通过以下面七个步骤而逐步排除干扰项。
一、牢记核心意义。
不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完成。
二、 分析句子结构。
查看句子是否缺少谓语动词,以判断是否使用非谓语动词。三、 分析句子成分。
非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
四、确定逻辑主语。
寻找逻辑主语,把握主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的
是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补
足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定
语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。
五、分析时态。
了解时间关系,如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般
式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发
生,则用不定式。
六、判断语态。
根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑
主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不
定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
七、分析特殊情况。
主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。像不定式作为插入语,现在分词或者过去分词转
化为介词或者连词等。
【考点解读】
考点一、对不定式和ing作主语的考查
主要考查不定式作主语与动词ing形式作主语的区别。1)不定式表示具体的、一次性
的动作;ing形式表示经常的、习惯性的动作 2)特定句型中,如:It be+adj+ to do sth; It’s
no use /good doing sth.等。
【考例】(XXXX北京)It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _____ the answers
ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
解析:D。having had...ready表示已经准备好,从本句来看,应该是说准备好答案会有帮
助,而不是说已经准备好了,排除B。语境中指的是一般情况下的事情,所以不用A。选
D。考点二、对不定式和ing作宾语的考查
主要考点有:1)作介词宾语通常用动词 ing 形式 2)像 suggest, risk, mind, delay,
understand, practise, insist on, can’t stand, miss, suggest, avoid, pardon, 等只跟ing作宾语 3)
像want, expect, hope, desire, demand, pretend, promise, determine, decide等只跟不定式作宾语
4)stop, remember, forget, regret, mean, try, go on, be used (to), can’t help跟不定式和ing意思
不同。5) allow, advise, consider, forbid等跟ing作宾语,但是可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。
6)特定句型:have no choice but to do sth; stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.; spend/waste time
(in) doing sth; have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/ fun/ occupy oneself (in) doing; be
busy/engaged/ occupied (in) ding sth.等。
【考例 1】(XXXX 陕西)I still remember________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw
there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
解析:D。remember v-ing形式表示的动作已经完成,用动词不定式表示的动作还未发生。
根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,用v-ing的
被动式,选D。
考点三、对不定式过去分词和ing作状语的考查
【考点解读】 1)不定式主要作目的状语,作结果状语多与only连用,表示出乎意料的结
果。-ing作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、方式、结果等,作结果状语表示正常的结
果。过去分词有被动意义2)to begin with, to be honest, to make things/matters worse, to tell
the truth, to make a long story short作插入语,注意与作目的状语的不定式的区别。
【考例 1】(XXXX 江西)_________ the right kind of training these teenage soccer players
may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
解析:D。考查非谓语动词。假如把句子补充完整就不难看出是:If they are given the right
kind of training…,可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关
系,所以用过去分词。故选D。
【考例2】(XXXX广东卷) He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.
/A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
解析:匆匆忙忙到火车站,是因为原以为能赶上火车,而火车已经离开是没有想到的结
果,既出乎意料的结果,用only to do结构。故选A。【考例3】 ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (XXXX·重庆
卷)
A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
解析: A。分词作状语通常要求分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致,本句的主语是
I,与ask之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以需要被动形式,排除B和C。不定式表示将来,
根据题意看出ask动作发生在miss之前,所以用现在分词完成时的被动形式作原因状语。
故选A。
【考例4】He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched. (2012·天
津卷)
A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left
解析:C。不定式作状语主要作目的状语,排除 B;过去分词作状语表示被动意义,而
leave与主语he是主谓关系,排除A;现在分词完成时表示动作发生在谓动之前,本句的
leave应该是与句子的谓语动词hurried同时发生,是伴随状语。故选C。
考点四、对不定式、过去分词和ing作宾语补足语和表语的考查
【考点解读】作宾语补足语和表语区别。1)主语如果是表示愿望、目的名词hope, desire,
wish, dream, target等,表语多用不定式 2)使役动词let, have, make,与感官动词see, hear,
watch, feel等宾补用不定式、过去分词和 ing形式的区别 3)要求用不定式作宾补的有
want, ask, enable, teach, instruct, encourage, persuade, wish, remind, oblige, force, urge等,要求
用ing作宾补的有leave sb/sth. doing, send sb. doing等。4)部分动词短语用不定式作宾补,
如:call on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for等。
【考例1】(XXXX上海春招) If we have illegal immigrants ________ in, many local workers
will lose their jobs
A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come
解析:此处的have是使役动词,可以跟不定式、ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语。跟不
定式作宾语不可以带to,所以选B。
【考例2】(XXXX四川)Ladies and gentlemen please remain __________ until the plane has
come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
解析:A。remain后可接adj v-ing v-ed和to do(to be done) 等多种形式做表语,在该题中
可以把seated视为一个形容词,seat本身用法比较特殊,多以be seated或者seat sb/oneself
形式出现。故选A。考点五、对不定式、过去分词和ing作定语的考查
【考点解读】作定语的区别。1)不定式表示将来或者现在,ing形式表示现在,过去分词
表示过去 2)被修饰词是the first/only/ next/序数词或者最高级多用不定式作定语 3)ing
完成形式通常不作定语。
【考例1】(XXXX江西)The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take
more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
解析:B。现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰new laws 相称于which forces ……...
【考例2】(XXXX全国卷.I). ---The last one __________________ pays the meal.
---Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
解析:根据题干的last知道用不定式作定语。故选C。
考点六、对with+复合宾语的非谓语动词考查
“With+名词/代词+不定式/分词”在句子中主要作状语,有时也可以作定语。作状语可
以表示原因、伴随、方式等。如:
【考例】(XXXX 全国卷 I)Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the
decisions ______?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
解析:C。 考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为:既然我们已经讨论了问题,做出
的决定人们满意吗?take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示
被动。故选C。
考点七、对独立主格结构中非谓语动词考查
独立主格结构是“名词、代词+分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语或名词”构
成的一种独立于主句之外的一种结构,在句中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式
或补充说明等。其构成的前一部分为后一部分的逻辑主语,它在句法上不是句子,但它相
当于一个其主语与主句主语不一致状语从句或并列的结构。
【考例】(XXXX 山东)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most
recent _____at the end of last March.A.has been launched B.having been launched
C.being launched D.to be launched
解析:B。根据前面的现在完成时知道已经发射三次,最近的应该是包括在内的,所以是
完成形式,排除C和D。由于前面是一个句子,后面没有连词,只可以用短语形式,故选
B,独立主格结构,不要误认为是定语,因为现在分词的完成时形式是不可以作定语的。
考点八、连词+不定式与连词+现在分词/过去分词
“连词+不定式”相当于名词作用,在句中作主语、宾语或者表语;“连词+分词”在
句中作状语,是状语从句的省略形式。如:
【考例1】(XXXX四川)He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
解析:A。分析句子可知whether +to do sth.作宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从
句的引导词that。
【考例 2】(XXXX 湖南) Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend
some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
解析:if后面所用的非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语I,所以用过去分词tired,补全
是if I am not tired,…。故选C。
考点九、悬垂分词结构
分词做状语时,其逻辑主语英语句子中的主语一致。但有时分词的主语与其所在句子
中的主语并不一致,拥有这种现象的分词,叫做垂悬分词。有些分词(短语)可用来表示说
话人的态度,看问题的角度,或者对所叙述的情况进行解释,它们便成了句子的独立成
分,其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。如:frankly (broadly, generally, properly, strictly…)
speaking, judging from(by)…,talking about…,speaking of…,looking at…,taking…into
consideration(考虑到,就……而言, 顾及到),taken as a whole。有的在句子中逐渐起到
连词或介词的作用,便把它们视为连词或介词,如 including, concerning, admitting
(that),supposing (that) (假如), given(考虑到…, 鉴于…), provided/providing(that) (假
如)等。 如:
【考例1】(XXXX安徽春招) ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while
to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
解析:A。过去分词given已经成为介词,意思是“鉴于”,如果按照过去分词作状语,则
粉刺的逻辑主语不可能与句子的主语一致。
【考例 2】(XXXX山东) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title______ to
ordinary people for their contribution to environment protection.
A. having given B. given C. giving D. to give
解析:B。过去分词短语做后置定语,a title是the “China’s Green Figure” award的同位语,
对其进一步说明。
【真题体验】
1. (XXXX安徽) The play_______ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced
解析:C。考查非谓语动词作定语的用法,所有备选项都有被动意思,根据句中已给出的
将来时间的标志next week判定作定语应该选择动词不定式来表达将来。
2.(XXXX 安徽)_______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of
spring.
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
解析:B。抓住非谓语动词的时间意义可以得出B正确。“感到春天的温暖”与“在田野
里走”是同时发生的,相当于when he walked…,现在分词正确。不定式强调将来,现在
分词完成时表示已经发生过,而不及物动词walk本来就不可以用过去分词。
3. (XXXX安徽) -- Robert is indeed a wise man.
-- Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!
A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
解析:根据yes的回答知道事情已经发生,regret doing表示对已经发生的事情感到后悔,
句意是后会没有做某事。故选D。
4. (XXXX安徽) Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the
one _______ .
A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed
解析:C。不定式to blame做the one的定语。不定式做定语表示将来发生的动作, 常与所
修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系, 且从句意角度可以体会出不定式中隐含着“for sb.to do”结
构,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,实际上 be to blame已经成为不定式结构主动表示被动的一个特例,意思是“某人该受到责备”,注意与短语blame sb. for sth.和blame sth.
on sb.比较。
5. (XXXX安徽)I really can't understand ______ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
解析:D。understand跟动词ing作宾语。
6. (XXXX 安徽) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly
accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
解析:A。根据 accepted “接受”的提示知道工作“已经完成”,从介词 with 看出是
“with+复合宾语”结构,work与finish之间是动宾关系,用过去分词。故选A。
7. (XXXX安徽) -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
解析:C。根据后面原因知道不是自己装的电脑,因此是“让他人装的电脑”,have sth.
done结构表示让他人做某事,过去分词作宾语补足语,而且问句是过去时,所以用 had。
故选C。
8. (XXXX 合肥二模) and guilty , Maggie put the book back on the shelf she had
secretly placed in her schoolbag.
A. Frightened B. Frightening C. Being frightened D. To be
frightening
解析:A。句子的主语是指人的名词,因此表示情绪的动词的非谓语动词用过去分词,相
当于形容词。本题根据并列连词and可看出Frightened应成为形容词,在句中作伴随状
语,表示当时的状态。
9. (XXXX 合肥二模).Each time invited to a dinner, she always refuses she has to
take care of her baby.
A. to say B. saying C. says D. having said
解析:B。根据“她必须照看孩子”看出不是“拒绝说”,不能用refuse to do结构。不要
受思维定势的影响,因为我们知道refuse跟不定式作宾语,但是此处应该用ing形式作伴随
状语。故选B。
10. (XXXX合肥三模) The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed ____
it pretty well.A. to prepare B. preparing C. having prepared D. to have prepared
解析:seem跟不定式,seem to do sth.表示“似乎、好像做某事”,根据前句“不焦虑”可
知“似乎已经准备好”,不定式的完成时形式表示已经发生。故选D。
【模拟训练】
一、热身训练
1. What I want to know is which you enjoy ______ your winter holidays, watching TV at home
or visiting your uncle with your parents.
A. spending B. to spend C. spend D. spent
2.— Do you know Jane married to that rich man?
— Really? I doubt whether she has lived a happy life.
— You know, she is always _______ happiness with having money.
A. satisfying B. depending C. abandoning D. associating
3. Terry was a middle-aged leather trader whose repeated failure made him a _______ man, often
_____ that he had been cheated by others.
A. depressed; complaining B. depressing; complained
C. depressing; complaining D. depressed; complained
4. Unless _________ according the doctor, this kind of medicine will have no effect on your bad
cold at all.
A. taken B. taking C. being taken D. having taken
5. Between astonishment and joy, she couldn't help ______ into tears.
A. to burst B. bursted C. burst D. bursting
6. _______ that the police would recognize him, he never went out in day-light.
A. Feared B. To fear C. Fearing D. Fear
7. All the students in our class are working hard and doing all we could______ a good
college.
A. enter B. entered C. entering D. to enter
8. The largest wave ________in history rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of thirty-
four meters.
A. measuring B. measured C. to measure D. measures
9. _______for school once in a while often makes Mr. Smith angry.A. Tom being late B. Tom to be late C. For Tom being late D. Tom’s being late
10. In order to understand how the human body works, _______.
A. some knowledge of chemistry is needed
B. you need have some knowledge of chemistry
C. some knowledge of chemistry need have
D. you need to have some knowledge of chemistry
11. This money would be used _________ education, job-training assistance, childcare and
program administration beginning later this year.
A. to providing B. to being provided C. to provide D. providing
12. --- Mr. Smith. I want to learn English well, but I often make mistakes.
--- Take it easy. You know, one learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. to correct B. corrected C. correct D. correcting
13. The first computer is generally considered ________ by Charles Babbage.
A. to have invented B. being invented
C. having been invented D. to have been invented
14. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
15. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
二、强化训练
1.(XXXX四川)We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.
A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
2. (XXXX福建)_______ not to miss the flight at 15:20 the manager set out for the airport in a
hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
3. (XXXX北京)All of them try to use the power of the workstation ________ information in
a more effective way.
A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present
4.(XXXX湖南)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste ______ to make it easier
for it .
A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused5. (XXXX湖南)At the age of 29 Dave was a worker _________ in a small apartment near
Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
6. (XXXX上海) Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during
the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
7. (XXXX四川)_______ many times he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
8. (XXXX重庆)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
9. (XXXX 浙江)There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage
different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
10. (XXXX重庆)With the world changing fast we have something new______ with all by
ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing
11. (XXXX天津)_____ by the advances in technology many farmers have set up wind farms
on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
12. (XXXX上海)With the government’s aid those _____ by the earthquake have moved to
the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
13. (XXXX福建)In April XXXX President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _______
the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
14. (XXXX上海春招) Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been
forced ________their homes.
A. leaving B. to leave C. to be left D. being left
15. (XXXX上海春招) All the staff in our company are considering _____ to the city centre
for the fashion show.
A.to go B.going C.to have gone D.having gone【参考答案】
一、热身训练
1. B。通常enjoy跟动词ing作宾语,但是本题的后面有两个并列的动词ing形式,根
据前面的which可以看出就是及物动词enjoy的宾语,根据整个句子的意思推出所填的应该
是目的状语。故选B。
2. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意是:--- 你知道简嫁给那个有钱人了么?--- 真的吗?
我不知道她的生活是否幸福。--- 你是知道的,她总是把幸福跟拥有金钱联系在一起。
satisfy“满意”;depend“依靠”;abandon“遗弃”;associate(with)“把...联系起
来”。
3. A。考查过去分词作定语和现在分词作状语。句意是:特里是一位中年皮革商,反
复的失败使得他成为一个沮丧的人,常常抱怨说被其他人欺骗了。过去分词depressed意思
是“沮丧的”,在句中作定语,现在分词complaining作状语。
4. A。在unless等引导的状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,则可以省
掉主语和be动词,此时要注意分词短语的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致,即现在分词
表示与句子的主语之间是主动关系,过去分词表示与句子主语之间是被动关系。题中句子
的主语this kind of medicine 与动词take之间是动宾关系,即this kind of medicine是take的
动作对象,所以要用被动。故选A,过去分词表示被动。
5. D。考查短语can’t help doing sth.。句意是:她惊喜交集,禁不住放声大哭起来。
短语can’t help doing sth意思是“情不自禁做某事”,注意help后跟动词ing形式作宾
语,如果表示“帮助做某事”则用help do sth.。
6. C。考查现在分词作状语。句意是:他怕警察认出他,白天从不外出。fear与句子
的主语he是主谓关系,其动作正是由he发出。现在分词作状语要求其逻辑主语与句子的
主要保持一致,所以用现在分词。
7. D。此句为省略句,即在 could 后省略了动词 do,若把句子补完整应
为… doing all we could do to enter a good college.不定式短语是目的状语的。
8. B。根据题干中的谓语动词rose是过去时可以看出是已经发生过的事情,而不定式
作定语表示将来,排除C,根据结构前面是主语,由于没有连词不可能是主语从句,排除
谓语动词D,根据句意看出wave应该是“被测出”,而measure可以作及物动词,所以用
过去分词作定语。故选 B。句意是“历史上所测到的最大波浪在太平洋中高达三十四米。”
9. D。根据句中的谓语动词makes可以断定用非谓语动词作主语,而句中的时间状语
once in a while暗示出迟到对Tom来说是一种习惯性、经常性的事情,所以用动词ing形式
作主语,而在ing作为名词时,作主语的动名词复合结构用所有格形式,故选D。
10. D。根据need作情态动词通常用于疑问句和否定句排除B、C。由题干的不定式作
状语知道需要与句子的主语保持逻辑一致,即不定式的 understand动作应该由句子的主语
发出,而这一动作的执行者应该是人。故选D。
11. C。根据句子的意思看应该是“被用来做某事”的意思。所以用be used to do sth.。
故选C。如果to看作是介词,则跟名词、代词或ing形式,意思是“习惯于”。用get used
to doing sth.强调由不习惯到习惯的过程。
12. D。介词by跟动词ing形式作宾语,即by doing在句中表示手段,作方式状语。
本题根据句意和题干的and看出and并列介词by的两个宾语,根据前面的making mistakes
知道用correcting them,故选D。
13. D。虽然consider表示“考虑”时跟动词-ing形式作宾语,但是本题的consider用
作被动语态,看出是consider sb. to do结构,表示“认为”,可以跟动词不定式作宾语补足
语,排除C、B。根据常识知道电脑已经被发明,所以用不定式完成形式表示动作发生在谓
语动词动作之前。故选D。
14. A。be said to be(do) 的意思是“某人被说是(做)……”,此结构中的不定式不
可以改成Ving形式,可以转换成It’s said that……,常译作“据说……”。本题由过去时谓
语动词studied可知study的动作发生在say之前,所以用不定式的完成式。故选A。
15. B。本题由时间状语last night与转折词but可知句意是“昨天晚上本来是去参加晚
会的”,但实际上并没有参加,因此要用不定式的完成形式,表示本来打算做某事,而实
际上没有做。选B。
二、强化训练
1.D。题意是“我们焦急地等待实验结果等了 2周”。现在分词短语waiting for the
results of the experiment用做状语,对前部分内容起解释的作用,可以理解为have time in
doing结构。
2. B。逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager,非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系,且其
表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,选B。3. D。通过句意可知要用不定式作状语表示目的。为了更有效的展示信息。所以答案
为D。
4.D。句意为:现在人们有时把他们的废物分开,以便很轻易被重复利用。重新再利用
是指将来发生的动作,而且是被动的。故选D。
5. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
A。句意为:29岁的大卫是一个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公寓里,关于未来他不知
怎么办。现在分词作定语修饰a worker,and 为并列连词,连接相同的成份。
6. C。suggest后面接动词是doing sth.,表示“建议做某事”。
7. D。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系,所以用 having been done来表示被
动和完成。
8. D。表达“与某物或某人相比”用过去分词compared with/to sb/sth.
9. B。evidence与indicate之间是主动的关系,所以用现在分词作定语,可以恢复为
which indicates。
10. C。句子谓语动词是have,宾语后跟动词不定式作定语,不定式deal with的动作
发出者正是句子的主语,所以要用主动表示被动。
11. C。分析句子可以看出,这是一个省略的原因状语从句,前后主语都是 many
farmers,由by the advances in technology可知许多农夫受到鼓舞,过去分词作原因状语的
用法。故选C。
12. C。those 和affect 之间的存在动宾关系,被动意义,用过去分词作定语。故选
C。
13. A。现在分词作状语,其后有宾语,故与逻辑主语是主动关系,且表示的动作与谓
语动词的动作同时进行,用现在分词。选A。
14.B。根据前面“由于大雨和洪水”知道人们“被迫”离开家园,所以是force sb. to
do sth.结构的被动形式,由于leave 表示“离开”不用被动语态,而且leave的动作正是由
people发出,排除C、D。故选B。
15.B。consider 在题干中的意思是“考虑”,所以用-ing 作宾语,排除 A、C。由
consider的进行时态知道“正在考虑”,还没有决定,所以“去”的动作就还没有发生,
用动名词的一般时。故选B。