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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：非谓语动词易错考点变式对比与解析
考情速递 非谓语动词一直是历年高考英语的热点和难点，本文结合相关高考真题对部分非谓语动词的考
查热点通过对比的方式进行解读。
Group 1
(1) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house
during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. (XXXX新课标全国卷II语法填空题)
(2) When a lake cools, the (cool) water at the surface flows to the bottom because of its greater density.
(3) The motor is allowed to start up only when the water (cool) tank has been full of water.
【参考答案】(1) to cool (2) cooled (3) cooling
【考点设置】①不定式的固定结构；②动名词作定语；③过去分词作定语
【思路点拨】题(1)根据enough看出是enough+to do结构。现在分词作结果状语表示符合逻辑的结果，不定
式表示结果常与only连用表示出乎意料的结果，或者用于 too..to…, enough to…, so…as to等结构中。题
(2)由前面的状语看出水已经被cool，所以用过去分词作前置定语，句意是：当湖泊降温时，湖面的冷水，
由于密度较大而流向湖底。题(3)根据full of water看出cool是tank的用途，用动名词作定语，句意是：电
动机只有在冷却水箱中充满水后才允许起动。
【考例】（2023▪全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is
home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully
(build) system of ring roads.
答案与解析：built。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇
家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系
统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被
动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
Group 2
(1) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for
people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (XXXX新课标全国卷I语法填空题)
(2) Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were (live) there, she wouldn’t beable to see her parents very often. (改编自XXX2安徽卷31)
(3) According to the literary review, Shakespeare makes his charities (live) live through their language in
his plays. (改编自XXXX福建卷35)
【参考答案】(1) living (2) to live (3) live
【考点设置】①现在分词作定语；②be to结构；③不定式作宾补省掉to的情况
【思路点拨】题(1)分词作定语，live是不及物动词，且与被修饰词people之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作
定语。题(2)根据were和wouldn’t看出是虚拟语气，根据句意看出表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句谓语
动词用were to do结构。“be to +动词原形”中的be to用作情态习语, 这时的be to do表示 “计划”、
“安排”、“义务”、“应该”、“可能”、“命运”等。在 if从句虚拟语气中用were to+动词不定式表
示与将来事实相反的情况。题(3)从make看出用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，由于不及物动词live不能用被
动，而且make的宾补也不用doing，所以用不定式，但是其跟不定式作宾语在主动语态中to要省掉。使役
动词let, have, make跟不定式作宾补在主动语态要省掉to，如果用于被动语态则要带上to，尤其以make
最常用。而使役动词 get, force 跟不定式作宾语需要带 to。注意 make 不跟现在分词作宾补，而 send
sb.doing sth.表示“使某人做某事”，catch sb. doing sth.表示“撞见某人做某事”。
【考例】（2017•浙江）But something made her look close, and she noticed a ______________ (shine)
object.
shining
答案与解析：shining。考查非谓语动词的现在分词作定语。根据不定冠词a和名词object，可以看出所
给的动词shine要用可以作定语的形式，根据 shine与object之间的主动关系可以理解为 The object is
shining，因此用其现在非常形式shining作定语修饰object, 与object 为主动关系，故用现在分词shining。
Group3
(1) Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be
flexible as well as strong. （XXXX辽宁卷 填空题）
(2) —Is Anne coming tomorrow?
—I don’t think so. If she were to come, she (call) me. (改编自XXXX山东卷8)
(3) We (call) a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home. (改编自XXXX天津卷15)
(4) (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. (改编自XXXX全国大纲卷33)
(5) I'll be out for some time. In case anything important happens, ______(call) me up immediately. (改编自
XXXX四川卷8)(6) I’ve got into the habit of (call) in on my grandparents on my way home from school. (改编自XXXX
江西卷24)
(7) Listen! Do you hear someone __________(call) for help? (改编自XXXX湖南卷21)
(8)—Have you read book_______ (call) Waiting for Anya?
—Who wrote it? （改编自XXXX北京卷22）
(9) －Did you tell Julia about the result?
－Oh, no, I forgot. I ________ (call) her now. (改编自2005全国卷)
【参考答案】(1) is called (2) would have called (3) would have called (4) Call (5) call (6)
calling (7) calling (8) called (9) will call
【考点设置】①虚拟语气的谓语动词；②时态和语态；③现在分词作宾补；④过去分词作定语；⑤祈使句
构成形式
【思路点拨】题(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (9)根据句子的结构判定用谓语动词构成句子。题(1)陈述事实，用一般现
在时，主谓之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态；题(2)根据“我认为她不会来”推出“要是她来，就给我打
过电话了”，主句表示与过去事实相反，用would have done结构；题(3)同题(2)；题(4)是“祈使句+and+陈
述句”；题(5) In case引导状语从句，所以主句动词原形构成祈使句；题(9)表示临时决定，用will do形
式。题(6)介词后跟宾语，用动名词。题(7)根据Listen!看出表示正在进行的事情，由 hear看出是hear sb.
doing sth.结构，用现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行。题(8)非谓语动词作定语，book与call是动宾关系，
被动意义，用过去分词。题(9)根据句意看出是表示临时做出的决定，用will do形式。
【考例】（2019·江苏改）China's image is improving steadily, with more countries __________ (recognize)
its role in international affairs.
答案与解析：recognizing。考查非谓语动词现在非常作宾语补足语。根据介词 with 和名词 more
countries。结合做给的动词recognize看出是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，即with+复合宾语结构。“更
多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提
升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。
Group 4
(1) While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and
require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （XXXX新课标I 语法填空）amazing
(2) These eighteenth–century oil paintings have been preserved so well that the visitors are greatly
______(amaze). (改编自XXXX上海春招 翻译6)【参考答案】(1)amazing (2) amazed
【考点设置】①表示情感的现在分词与过去分词区别；②分词作定语和表语
【思路点拨】题(1) 修饰story用amaze现在分词，意思是“令人惊讶的”。 题(2) 句子主语指人，作表语
用amaze过去分词，意思是“感到惊讶的”。类似的动词有：exhaust, interest, embarrass, astonish, surprise,
tire, annoy, convince, delight, disappoint, discourage, disgust(使人厌恶), encourage, frighten, frustrate(使人沮丧),
inspire, irritate(使人愤怒), move, please, puzzle, satisfy, terrify, touch(使人触动), worry等。
【考例1】（2021新高考I卷）But that’s how nature is — always leaving us (astonish).
答案与解析：astonished。考查非谓语动词的过去分词作宾语补足语。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足
语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填
astonished。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。
【考例2】（2021新高考II卷）I was so (excite) when he wrote back to me.
excited。考查非谓语动词的过去分词作表语。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形
式的形容词，所以填excited。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。
【考例3】（2017•浙江）I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area, leaving him with a
_____________ (surprise) smile.
答案与解析：surprised。考查非谓语动词的过去分词作定语。surprised在此用作定语修饰smile。由于
surprise与smile的主人him之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。句意是：我给了他一个快速的拥抱，然后回
到座位区，给他一个惊喜的微笑。
Group 5
(1) The lecture ________(give), a lively question-and-answer session followed. (改编自XXXX江苏卷29)
(2) _________ (give) the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international
stars. (改编自XXXX江西卷12)
(3) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title ____(give) to ordinary people for their contributions
to environmental protection. (改编自XXXX山东卷29)
(4) _________ (give) blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (改编自XXXX上海春招卷37)
【参考答案】(1) having been given/given (2) Given (3) given (4) Give
【考点设置】①分词用于独立主格结构；②过去分词作定语和状语；③谓语动词与非谓语动词辨析
【思路点拨】题(1)根据前后句看出明显有时间先后关系，即“报告结束后”，“接下来是现场提问时
间”，句子中没有连词，根据名词lecture判定用独立主格，根据其与give之间的动宾关系用现在分词完成时被动语态或者过去分词。题(2)根据前后关系看出表示条件，these teenage soccer players与give是动宾关
系，所以用过去分词作条件状语。题(3) a title是“China’s Green Figure”同位语，后面是定语，give与a title
是动宾关系，用表示被动的过去分词作定语。题(4)由if从句看出前面是主句，由于没有主语，因此用动词
原形构成祈使句。
【考例1】（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings
but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
答案与解析：recognized。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与
home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作
定语，故填recognized。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小
镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
【考例2】（2018·北京）Ordinary soap, _________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析：used。考查非谓语动词。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句，
_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分
词，过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理
细菌。
