文档内容
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：过去分词作状语及短语动词考点扫描+巩固练习
【考题展示】
【考例】（2018·北京）Ordinary soap, _________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析：used。考查非谓语动词之过去分词作状语。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively
是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要
用过去分词作状语。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
【重难点解读】
过去分词作状语及短语动词一直是历年高考试题的重要测试点，测试要点涉及到句式、语态、搭配、
省略等，现将其主要考点总结如下：
一、过去分词作状语
过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，表示被动和完成，在句子中一般可以作时间、原因、条件、让
步、结果状语等，通常要求其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
1. 过去分词或过去分词短语单独作状语
【考例】____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
（XXXX·重庆卷）
A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise
【答案与解析】C。动词raise与句子主语he是动宾关系，即“被抚养大”,过去分词短语作原因状
语，相当于Because he was raised in… 。句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很
长的路要走。
【考例】______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. （XXXX·天津卷）
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
【答案与解析】C。短语 be absorbed in 全神贯注于，在句中作原因状语，相当于 Because he was
absorbed in painting…。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。要注意与 be absorbed in类
似的“be+过去分词+介词”短语，如：be accustomed(addicted/ devoted/ used/ married/ engaged/ known /…)to,
be connected (covered/ satisfied/ pleased/ tired/ burdened/ equipped/ furnished/ crowded/ filled …) with, be lost
(involved/ absorbed/ experienced/ dressed …) in等。2. “连词+过去分词或过去分词短语”作状语
当时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句的主语与句子的主语一致，且从句的
谓语动词是被动语态时，可以省略从句的主语和助动词be，用“连词+过去分词”结构。
【考例】Children，when _______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. (XXXX·湖南卷)
A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied
【答案与解析】D。根据题干的介词by看出是被动意义，扩展为句子则是…when they are companied
by their parents, 用过去分词作时间状语。
3. “名词/代词+过去分词或过去分词短语”作状语
该结构是独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，其前面的名词或代词就是自己的逻辑主
语。
【考例】Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
（XXXX·江苏卷）
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
【答案与解析】C。分词的逻辑主语是time，与后面主句的主语不一致，用独立主格结构。spend与
time之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一
般会受到健康问题的困扰。
4. 过去分词作为悬垂分词作状语
过去分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，也可以作状语。能使用这种结构词不多，可以看作是惯用
法，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。如：
Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book. 总的来说，这本书没有问题。（介词）
Provided (that) my expenses are paid, I will go. 要是我的费用有人代付，我就去。（连词）
Given the general state of his health, it will take a few weeks for him to recover. 鉴于他的身体状况，还要
几周才能恢复。（介词）
二、短语动词
短语动词是由一个动词和介词、副词或其他词在一起构成的固定搭配，这些组合一般只作为一个整体
使用，其作用和动词差不多。
1. 动词+副词
所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类。需要注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开；②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间；③同一动词和不同副词搭配或不同动词和同一副
词搭配时时，意义上有很大的差异。
【考例】（XXXX·浙江卷）Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms
folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away
【答案与解析】D。A拿走；B扔掉；C放好；D泄露。句意：肢体语言可以透露很多心情，所以把你
的手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的。
2. 不及物动词+介词
需要注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面；②同一动词和不同介词搭配或同一介词跟不
同动词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
【考例】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for
straight facts. （XXXX浙江卷）
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
【答案与解析】B。block off封锁， appeal to吸引， subscribe to订阅，come across遇到。句意：我们
趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。
3. 不及物动词+副词+介词
【考例】Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work. (XXXX全国大纲卷)
A. goes back on B. takes away from C. makes up for D. catches up with
【答案与解析】C。俗话说“勤能补拙”，没有音乐天赋，用勤奋“弥补”。A违背， 背叛，丢弃；
B从……拿走；C弥补；D赶上。
4. 及物动词+名词/代词+介词
【考例】As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can concerning music, and takes every
opportunity to improve herself. (XXXX福建卷)
A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of
【答案与解析】B。考查动词短语辨析。A抓住, 得到, 符合句意; B看见; C掌管,负责; D提到。句意:
作为一名草根歌手, 她阅读一切能够得到的关于音乐的东西, 并且抓住每一个机会提升自己。
【跟踪训练1】
从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own
answers. (XXXX天津卷)
A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written
2. Anyway , we’re here now ,so let’s ___some serious work. (XXXX·江西卷)
A. come up with B. get down to C. do away with D. live up to
3. If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. (XXXX·安徽
卷)
A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon
4. Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they on
their life journey. (XXX·安徽卷)
A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off
5. The exam results will be on Friday afternoon. （XXXX·辽宁卷）
A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away
6. There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in
English. （XXXX·湖北卷）
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
7. Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands. （XXXX·湖南卷）
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
8. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on. (XXXX浙江
卷)
A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
Keys:1-4 CBAD 5-8 CCDA
【跟踪训练2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. Would you like to with us to the film tonight? (XXXX全国大纲卷)
A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through
2. Tom had to______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. (XXXX·天津卷)
A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to
3. —Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see. I’ll go right away and ________. (XXXX·江苏卷)A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off
4. Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. （XXXX·陕西卷）
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
5. Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later. (XXXX·湖北卷)
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
6. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. (XXXX·安徽卷)
A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
7. Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
(XXXX·福建卷)
A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test
8. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting. (XXXX·全
国卷)
A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to
9. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. (XXXX·北京卷)
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
10. ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. （XXXX·天津
卷）
A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated
II. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子, 每空一词。
1. 他们俩一见倾心, 六个星期后就结了婚。(fall)
They met, ______ _____ _____ ______ and got married six weeks later.
2. 他显然从未听过拜伦的名字，但是拜伦那军官制服赢得了他的刮目相看。(hear)
He ______ obviously ______ _____ ______ Byron, but the uniform impressed him.
3. 他们一听到这消息便立刻动身去车站。(set)
Hearing the news, they _______ _____ _____ ______ the station .
4. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。(sastisfy)
______ ______ what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
5. 从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。(see)
______ _____ _____ ______, the earth looks green.
6. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会。(explain)
______ _____ _____ _______, he still can’t understand it.7. 他从树上摔了下来，腿摔断了。(break)
He fell off a tall tree, _____ ______ _____.
8. 要是他按我们的建议去做，我们就能帮助他。(provide)
______ _____ _____ _____ ______, we can help him.
Keys:
I. 1-5 ABBAD 6-10 CCDCB
II. 1. fell for each other
2. had; never heard of
3. immediately set off for
4. Satisfied with
5. Seen from the moon
6. Explained a hundred times
7. his leg broken
8. Provided/Providing/If he follows our advice
