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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：动词不定式作状语重难点解读+巩固训练+答案
【动词不定式作状语考题展示】
【考例1】（2023▪全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a
lesson or to pass on wisdom.
答案与解析: to teach。考查非谓语动词不定式作目的状语。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和
智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智
【考例2】（2022新高考全国I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
_______ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案与解析: to increase。考查非谓语动词不定式作目的状语。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形
式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到
大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不
一致性。
【考例3】（2022全国乙卷） (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a
number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the
world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案与解析: To strengthen。考查非谓语动词不定式作目的状语。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强
与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语，不定式作状语姐可以置于句尾句中，也可以置于句首，本
题置于句首。故填To strengthen。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共
宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。注意：有时候与in order
或so as连用，通常in order to的位置比较灵活，so as to一般不置于句首。
【考例4】（2022新高考全国II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up (see)
them.
答案与解析: to see。考查非谓语动词不定式作目的状语。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓
语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。
故填to see。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳
台上，爬上去看他们。【考例 5】（2021 浙江 6 月卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 128
（plant）flowers in the front yard.
答案与解析:128．考查动词不定式作目的状语。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处
是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示，故填to plant。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来
前院种花。
【考例6】（2020浙江6月卷）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology
185 (change)lives.
答案与解析: to change。考查非谓语动词不定式作目的状语。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词
部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。句意：农业让人们第一次体
验到技术改变生活的力量。
【不定式作状语重难点解读】
在学习非谓语动词时，动词不定式是一个重点，也是一个难点。对于它作主语、宾语、表语、定语、
补足语等的用法大家应该不陌生，本文跟大家一起探究不定式作状语的情况。一提到不定式作状语大家首
先想到的就是作目的状语吧，其实不定式作状语不仅仅表示目的。
一、不定式作目的状语
（一）不定式作目的状语的位置
不定式作目的状语可以置于句首或句尾，在句尾时与句子之间不用逗号隔开，在句首可以用逗号与句
子隔开。如：
To save class time, our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for
our homework.
为了节约课堂时间，我们的老师要求我们学生在课堂上做一半练习，剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业
完成。
The Government set up a working party to look into the problem.
政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
【考例1】(改编自XXXX北京卷·21) _____(catch) the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up
very early. (Key: To catch)
【考例2】(改编自XXXX福建卷·28)_________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to
take Chinese folk music as an elective course. (Key: To learn)
【考例3】(改编自XXXX陕西卷·17) After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedictwent on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. (Key: to thank)
（二）in order to...与so as to...作目的状语
in order to作目的状语置于句子前后均可，而so as to作目的状语通常置于句子后面，可以与对应的in
order that和so that引导的目的状语从句进行转换。否定形式是在to前加上not。如：
Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to (so as to) make them grow more quickly.
→In order to make them grow more quickly, many farmers fertilize their crops.
→Many farmers fertilize their crops in order that (so that) they can make them grow more quickly.
许多农民给庄稼施肥，为的是让庄稼长得更快些。
It's best to pick and choose when watching TV so as not to waste time.
电视节目最好选择性地看，以免浪费时间。
In order not to offend the famous master, he took lessons in secret from another composer, Joan Schenk.
为了不得罪这位大师，他暗中师从于另一位作曲家约翰·申克。
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though we are miles
apart. 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
二、不定式作结果状语
不定式作结果状语多与only连用，还用于too...to....，enough to，so....as to结构中。
（一）only to...
only to do sth.表示的结果与现在分词作为结果状语的含义不同，前者表示的是出乎意料的结果，而后
是是符合逻辑的结果。作结果状语的不定式结构只能置于句子后面，这与作目的状语的不定式不同。注意
only to也可以表示目的，意思是“仅仅是为了......”。如：
I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.
我从家里一路走到图书馆, 不料已经关门了。
Such laws exist only to conserve the privilege of this selfish minority.
这种法律的存在只会保护这一小部分自私自利者的特权。
【考例 4】(改编自 XXXX 安徽·35) After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,
only_______ (tell) that it was being decorated. (Key: to be told)
（二）too...to...
too...to...结构形式是肯定，意义上却是否定的，通常翻译为“太......不能......”，前面的too是副词，修饰形容词或副词，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。但是在下列情况表示肯定意义：“too...to”结构之
前带有but, only, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……、十分……、实在……、真是
太……”等；“too...to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind
, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等，并且其后的不定
式不是说明too的具体内容，而是修饰形容词，故不定式不再表示结果。如：
The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.这些鞋子破烂得不能修补。
It would be too ridiculous for me to attempt anything where I am now, with my little half acre.
我只有半英亩那么一片地方，我要是想在我住的那个地方作一番建树，那就太可笑了。
We are only too happy to live in China. 生活在中国，我们太幸福了。
They are all too satisfied to go and do this work. 他们很乐意地去做这项工作。
（三）... enough to...
此处的enough是副词，修饰前面的形容词或副词，当enough作为副词修饰形容词或副词时要置于被
修饰词之后。
She was clever enough to take the management of her own house.
她很能干，一定会管家。
Global warming is melting glaciers fast enough to make it the theme of the year's World Environment Day.
全球变暖导致冰川消融，其速度之快足以使它成为今年世界环境日的主题。
【考例5】(改编自XXXX四川卷·19) I got close enough_________ (hear) them speaking Chinese, and I
said “Ni Hao ” just as I might do in China. (Key: to hear)
【考例6】(XXXX全国卷 II·66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now
cold enough_______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm again for the night. (Key:
to cool)
（四）so...as to...
从结构上可以看出so与as to分开了，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词，意思是“如此......以至于......”，
可以与引导结果状语从句的so...that...句型转换。
Yesterday morning I got up so late as to be late for school.
→Yesterday morning I got up so late that I was late for school.
昨天早晨我起得那么晚, 上学都迟到了。
He was so tired as to be unable to walk.→He was too tired to walk.
→He was so tired that he was unable to walk.
他累得走不动了。
He began blaming himself for being so stupid as not to have thought of the idea before, for Chao Po-tao was a
real "God of Wealth" if anyone was!
他怪自己为什么那样糊涂，早没想到赵伯韬这位真正的财神爷！
三、不定式作原因状语
不定式作原因状语主要用于表示心理状态的动词或表语形容词之后，表示人对某事某物的反应如何，
有一种直觉感，常译作“因……而……”。常见的这类表情绪情感的形容词有eager, anxious, glad, happy,
afraid, angry, sorry, sad, worried, pleased, satisfied, surprised, shocked, terrified, frightened, disappointed 等。
如：
He was anxious to do this job.他非常想干这件工作。
I am eager to have a world travel.我很想有一次环球旅行。
"You're quite right. I'm afraid to hear others talk of happiness. That's because I no longer have any hope of
attaining it.
“你说得对，我的确怕听见人提起幸福，正因为我已经没有得到幸福的希望了。
四、不定式用于独立主格结构或“with+复合宾语”作状语
独立主格结构中有一个结构是“名词/代词+动词不定式”，此时的不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主
语，而是前面的名词或代词。不定式用于“with+复合宾语”的用法与独立主格结构基本相同。如：
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多
的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company.
他下周去参加一个会议，所有费用由他的公司支付。
With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film.
下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash.
很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
五、不定式作评注性状语评注性状语也叫观念附加语，它不是修饰谓语动词，而是对整个句子进行说明和解释，表明说话人的
看法和态度。评注性状语不与它所评注的句子在结构上紧密结合，可以置于句首、句中或句尾，常用逗号
与句子隔开。常用作评注性状语的不定式有：to be frank坦白地说；to tell you the truth说实话；to sum up总
的来说；to be fair说句公道话，凭良心说；to make matters worse更糟的是; to be sure无可否认,的确；to
begin with首先等。如：
To make matters worse, his Chinese is not good enough to communicate with us properly.
更糟的是，他的汉语不行，还不能够跟我们正常交流。
Our English teacher is popular with us all, to be sure.
无可否认，我们的英语老师很受大家欢迎。
【巩固练习】用动词不定式完成下列各句。
1. 为了求生,查克交了一个不同寻常的朋友---- 一个被他叫作威尔逊的排球。
_________, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend-a volleyball he calls Wilson.
2. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each __________ .
3. 有那么多的工作要做，我不能跟你一起去游泳了。
With ___________, I can't go swimming with you.
4. 首先，全国五十个州没有一个全国性的学校指导制度可遵循。
________，there is no nationally directed school system for all 50 states.
5. 她跑到火车站, 结果发现火车已经开走了。
She ran to the station only ____________.
6. 照料1千只鸡我看不会太难的。
I do not think it will be __________.
7. 等他有了力气，可以不需支撑站立起来的时候，他慢慢站起身来。
When he was ____________ without support, he rose to his feet.
8. 她轻轻地开门, 以免惊扰了睡着的孩子。
She opened the door quietly ________ .
Suggested Answers:
1.In order to /To survive 2.to translate a quarter of the book
3.so much work to do 4.To begin with5.to find that the train had left 6.too difficult to look after 1000 chickens
7.strong enough to stand 8.so as not to/in order not to disturb the sleeping child
