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第 02 讲 选择性必修 1~选择性必修 2 词汇考点
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
02 重难创新练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
03 真题实战练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．（23-24高三·福建·期末） (occupy) with scientific research, he couldn’t spare time to keep
company with his family.
【答案】Occupied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他忙于科学研究，抽不出时间来陪伴家人。主语he与动词occupy“使忙
于”构成逻辑上的被动关系，使用过去分词表示被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Occupied。
2．（23-24·上海·期中）Tony Leung plays the part of a (reject) lover perfectly and gives off an air of
being sad without ever really being pathetic (可悲的).
【答案】rejected
【详解】考查形容词。句意：梁朝伟完美地扮演了一个被冷落的恋人，他散发出一种悲伤的气息，但并不
真的可悲。空处作定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语lover之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填
rejected。
3.（23-24高三·江苏·高三模拟）When the soldier returned to his hometown after the war, he found it had
changed beyond all (recognize). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意：当那位士兵战后回到家乡时，他发现家乡已经变得面目全非了。作宾语，应用名词recognition，短语beyond all recognition表示“面目全非”。故填recognition。
4．（23-24高三·广东·高三名校联考）There is no conclusive (prove) that creatures from outer space
do exist. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】proof
【详解】考查名词。句意：没有确凿的证据表明外太空生物确实存在。作主语，应用名词proof，根据上文
is可知为单数。故填proof。
5.（2023高三·全国·专题练习）The term “stooper” was coined in the US after a lot of people put their used or
underused (belong) in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need.
【答案】belongings
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：“stoop”一词是在美国创造的，因为很多人把他们使用过或未充分利用的
物品放在家门口，然后被有需要的人免费带走。空处作宾语，名词belonging“所有物”符合题意，该词常
用复数形式。故填belongings。
6．（2024·北京丰台·二模）The Port of Shanghai has been the busiest in the world for 14 years running after
(overtake) the Port of Singapore in 2010.
【答案】overtaking
【解析】考查动名词。句意：自2010年超过新加坡港以来，上海港已连续14年成为世界上最繁忙的港
口。动词overtake意为“超过”，在介词after后应用动名词形式作宾语。故填overtaking。
7.（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Following the barbecue-induced travel craze to the city of Zibo in East China, Chinese
social media has once again highlighted the next internet-famous city worthy of (explore).
【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意：继烧烤引发的淄博旅游热潮之后，中国社交媒体再次强调了下一个值得探索的
网红城市。此处使用名词作宾语，需要的词义为“探索”，即exploration，它为不可数名词，故填
exploration。
8.（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Known as Tianshui Malatang, which (literal) means spicy and hot, the local
dish is popular for its large portion of skewered meat, vegetables, and hand-made potato noodles in a pot of
boiling broth (肉汤).
【答案】literally
【解析】考查副词。句意：被称为“天水麻辣烫”，字面意思是辛辣和热的，这道菜因其大量的肉串、蔬
菜和手工制作的土豆面在一锅沸腾的汤中而广受欢迎。使用副词作状语修饰动词means，需要的词义为
“字面上”，故填literally。
9.（2024·浙江杭州·二模） Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits? The real questions surround
not the (wear), but the wearer.
【答案】wearable
【解析】考查形容词。句意：真正的问题不在于可穿戴设备，而在于穿戴者本身。分析句子成分，根据句
意可知，空处考查“定冠词+形容词”，表示一类人或事物。本句指的是可穿戴设备，用the+ wearable。故
填wearable。
10.（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Depending on what those goals are, there might be ways to achieve them that aremore cost (effect), more fun, more convenient.
【答案】effective
【解析】考查形容词。句意：根据目标的不同，可能会有一些成本更低、更有趣、更方便的方法来实现这
些目标。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，和下文“fun、convenient”并列，作表语。故填
effective。
10.（2024·广东梅州·一模）The most popular place is the Harbin Ice and Snow World, which is like a frozen
Disneyland, and you can see the big ice and snow castles, carto on sculptures and enjoy the biggest (vary)
of snow sports and activities in the world.
【答案】variety
【解析】考查副词。句意：几乎所有用于该节日的冰都是从哈尔滨的松花江上切下来的。分析句子，设空
处使用副词作状语，修饰句子，意为“几乎”。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Nearly。
11.（2024·河北沧州·一模）The launch successfully delivered three commercial satellites into the planned
orbit about 460 kilometers above the Earth, further highlighting the (mature) and stability of the ZQ-2
carrier rocket, and also marking a step forward for the company and China’s commercial aerospace industry.
【答案】maturity
【解析】考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用mature的名词maturity作宾语，与后文的stability
构成并列。故填maturity。
12.（2024·湖南·二模） Jiangsu, known for its unique blend of innovation and preservation, is a true treasure. I
was (incredible) fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me
fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly longing to explore further.
【答案】incredibly
【解析】考查副词。句意：我非常幸运地穿越了苏州和南京，这两个城市都让我着迷于它们真正令人印象
深刻的地方，并渴望进一步探索。修饰形容词fortunate应用副词。故填incredibly。
13.（2024·湖南·二模）As I adventured into the heart of the city, the Old Town’s ancient waterways led me on an
(explore) of history, and the classical gardens offered a glimpse into a storied past.
【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意：当我大胆探索进入城市中心时，老城区古老的水道带领我探索历史，古典花园
让我得以一瞥历史悠久的过去。根据前文on an可知，此处应用其名词单数作介词宾语。故填exploration。
14．（23-24高三·全国·模拟测试）The boy was about to submit himself to desperation, when a team of
(conserve) workers rushed to help.
【答案】conservation
【解析】考查名词。句意：小男孩正准备屈服于绝望，这时一队自然保护工作者冲过来帮忙。conservation
worker是固定用法，意为“保护工作者”，因此空格处应用名词conservation，作定语。故填
conservation。
15．（23-24高三·全国·模拟预测）The workshop will frequently allow visitors to watch the (restore)
work take place.
【答案】restoration【解析】考查名词。句意：车间将经常允许游客观看修复工作的进行。作定语修饰work，应用名词
restoration，不可数。故填restoration。
题型二 核心单词拼写
1.（23-24高三·广东广州·模拟）If you need to handle a (微妙的) situation, you should behave wisely.
【答案】delicate
【解析】考查形容词。句意：如果你需要处理一个微妙的情况，你应该表现得明智。空格处用形容词作定
语，修饰名词situation，“微妙的”的形容词是delicate，故填delicate。
2．（23-24高三·重庆·阶段练习）It is vital to have a d (有活力的) personality.
【答案】dynamic/ynamic
【解析】考查形容词。句意：有活力的个性是至关重要的。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词
dynamic“有活力的”作定语修饰personality，满足句意要求。故填dynamic。
3．（22-23高三·河北唐山·阶段练习）She (滥用) her position as principal by giving jobs to her
friends.
【答案】abused
【解析】考查动词。句意：她滥用校长的职权，给朋友提供工作。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用动词
abuse，结合语境可知，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填abused。
4．（2024·陕西西安·一模）It is human nature that we tend to make an (评估) of the
advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
【答案】assessment/evaluation
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们总是倾向于对决策的利弊进行评估，这是人类的本性。根据汉语提示可知
应用名词evaluation或assessment，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填evaluation/assessment。
5．（23-24高三·陕西西安·期末）As he was not allowed (陪伴) her to the shops, he wrote out a list of
items for her.
【答案】to accompany
【解析】考查动词。句意：由于不允许他陪她去商店，他就给她列了一张购物清单。根据汉语提示可知应
填动词accompany，且上文为短语be allowed to do sth.。故填to accompany。
6．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）It’s easy to be distracted and let your attention (走神) with the
phone at hand.
【答案】wander
【解析】考查动词。句意：手机在手边很容易分心，让你的注意力分散。这里是let sb./sth. do sth.结构，省
略to的不定式作宾补，所以空处应用动词原形。结合汉语提示，这里应用不及物动词wander。故填
wander。
7．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）As is often the case, (贫困) and poor health often go hand in
hand.【答案】poverty
【解析】考查名词。句意：贫穷和健康状况不佳往往相伴而行，这是常有的事。根据汉语提示可知应填名
词poverty，作主语，不可数。故填poverty。
8．（23-24高三·陕西西安·期中）The judge’s (结论) was that Mr. Smith was innocent.
【答案】conclusion
【解析】考查名词。句意：法官的结论是史密斯先生是无辜的。根据汉语提示可知，空处需用名词作主
语；conclusion结论，可数名词，符合题意；由空后was可知，空处名词需用其单数形式。故填
conclusion。
9．（22-23高三·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）They are sisters but they d (不同) from each other in
many ways.
【答案】differ/iffer
【解析】考查动词。句意：她们是姐妹，但在许多方面彼此不同。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，动词differ
符合题意，differ from“与……不同”是固定短语；空处为第二个分句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般
现在时，主语they是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填differ。
10．（2023·湖南株洲·模拟预测）So far, no (科学的) studies have shown that shark fins are good
for health.
【答案】scientific
【解析】考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有好处。分析句子结构可知，本
空填形容词scientific，意为“科学的”，作定语，修饰名词studies。故填scientific。
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·浙江金华·二模）We’ve all experienced the sense of unease that the end of a holiday weekend often
brings. 1 Monday morning after a holiday weekend represents a psychological shift from freedom and
relaxation to pressure and obligations. Our minds and bodies, accustomed to the rhythm of the holiday, resist the
sudden change. 2
Schedule your Monday morning so that you’ve got some uninterrupted time to concentrate. Researchers
found that people lost significant time when they switched from one task to another. 3 Give yourself an
hour or more of time to concentrate and either accomplish one of your most important tasks or take the time to plan
the rest of your week.
Where possible, focus your uninterrupted Monday morning time on a task or activity you genuinely enjoy.4 Giving yourself even a slight amount of positive anticipation can make a difference.
5 This could be a workout, meditation, or a walk during lunch. Going from that level of physical
activity to sitting at a desk can be mentally taxing, so do something during the day that breaks up the physical
boredom.
The Monday after a holiday weekend won’t feel like a party. But with a few simple steps, you can reduce a
good bit of the dread that typically accompanies the first day back at work.
A．But there are ways to reduce the anxiety.
B．Include a wellness activity in your Monday routine.
C．The more complicated the tasks, the more time was lost.
D．It could be a creative project, a collaborative meeting, or anything else.
E．Having “a case of the Mondays” is more than just a cultural stereotype.
F．Overloading your Monday with tasks is a guaranteed way to reduce fear.
G．It’s all about mentally preparing yourself, setting goals, and visualizing the week ahead.
【答案】1．E 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B
【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一系列具体的策略，指导读者如何更好地管理时间，减轻
压力，以及提高工作效率和个人幸福感。
1．根据上文“We’ve all experienced the sense of unease that the end of a holiday weekend often brings. (我们都
经历过周末假期结束时的不安。)”可知，本句承接上文，解释“周一综合症”这种现象。故E选项“‘周
一综合症’不仅仅是一种文化刻板印象”符合语境，故选E。
2．根据上文“Monday morning after a holiday weekend represents a psychological shift from freedom and
relaxation to pressure and obligations. Our minds and bodies, accustomed to the rhythm of the holiday, resist the
sudden change. (周末假期后的周一早上，代表着一种心理转变，从自由和放松转向压力和义务。我们的思
想和身体，习惯了假期的节奏，抵制突然的变化。)”以及后文介绍了缓解“周一综合征”的方法，可知，
本句与上文构成转折关系，指出表明尽管存在这种普遍的不安感，但有方法可以减轻它，从而直接回应了
前文提出的情况，故A选项“但是有一些方法可以减轻这种焦虑。”符合语境，故选A。
3．根据上文“Schedule your Monday morning so that you’ve got some uninterrupted time to concentrate.
Researchers found that people lost significant time when they switched from one task to another. (安排好周一早上
的时间，这样你就有一些不受干扰的时间来集中精力。研究人员发现，当人们从一项任务切换到另一项任
务时，他们会浪费大量时间。)”可知，前文讨论了减少焦虑的方法后，一个自然的延伸是讨论任务管理和
时间分配的效率，本句说明复杂任务导致的时间损失问题，直接回应了前文提出的在工作中集中注意力的
重要性。故C选项“任务越复杂，浪费的时间就越多。”符合语境，故选C。
4．根据上文“Where possible, focus your uninterrupted Monday morning time on a task or activity you genuinely
enjoy. (在可能的情况下，把周一早上不受打扰的时间集中在你真正喜欢的任务或活动上。)”可知，前文提
到寻找工作中的乐趣可以减轻焦虑之后，接下来的问题是如何具体实现这一点。故D选项“它可以是一个
创造性的项目，一个合作会议，或者其他任何东西。”符合语境，故选D。
5．根据后文“This could be a workout, meditation, or a walk during lunch. Going from that level of physical
activity to sitting at a desk can be mentally taxing, so do something during the day that breaks up the physicalboredom. (这可以是锻炼，冥想，或者在午餐时间散步。从那种水平的体育活动到坐在办公桌前可能会让精
神上很费力，所以白天做点什么来打破身体上的无聊。)”可知，本段的主旨是通过添加活动来缓解周一综
合征。故B选项“在你周一的日常安排中加入一项健康活动。”符合语境，故选B。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·山东·一模）Li Cheng, 20, a college student and engineering enthusiast from Southwest China’s
Chongqing, is making waves by turning his dreams into reality.
Employing his knowledge, insights and 16 , Li has invented a groundbreaking Braille (盲文) dot
display 17 for the blind. Named “Argus”, the first bunch of the Braille dot display is expected to be 18
this summer.
Li said his idea for Argus was traced back to the end of his freshman year in 2021. One day, when he was
reading a novel on his phone, a series of questions 19 his mind: “How do 20 impaired (受损的)
people read? How can I help them out?” His 21 led to research on the topic, including interacting with
those who experienced daily 22 . However, when he put his idea into practice, the expensive material
jumped in the way.
In the past year, Li’s team has managed to 23 costs by 40 percent after rounds of trial and 24
, and eventually succeeded in reconstructing a device that overturns the 25 physical approach to the present
electromagnetic approach. The first-generation Argus is 26 between 8,000 to 10,000 yuan, with plans to
introduce a more 27 entry-level version with basic functions.
28 , Li plans to devote three to five years to boost Argus. Overseas promotion is also scheduled for
next year, with 29 to integrate the core technology—high-density tactile sensing (高密度触觉传感) —into
virtual reality applications and potentially develop 30 companion robots, with the aim of improving
people’s domestic lives.
16．A．sympathy B．faith C．contribution D．occupation
17．A．celebrated B．adjusted C．tailored D．advocated
18．A．proved B．handled C．awarded D．released
19．A．clouded B．struck C．sharpened D．changed
20．A．mentally B．behaviorally C．visually D．socially
21．A．honesty B．determination C．bravery D．curiosity
22．A．activities B．exercise C．performance D．challenges
23．A．increase B．reduce C．control D．estimate
24．A．incident B．error C．competition D．interruption
25．A．previous B．comprehensive C．scientific D．systematic
26．A．listed B．measured C．priced D．calculated27．A．official B．affordable C．satisfactory D．intelligent
28．A．Thinking back B．Moving around C．Stepping aside D．Looking ahead
29．A．services B．responsibilities C．ambitions D．requirements
30．A．household B．commercial C．medical D．educational
【答案】
16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．D 23．B 24．B 25．A
26．C 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。详细介绍了大学生李成发明的一种盲文点阵显示器，这种创新为视力受损
的人提供了阅读的新方式。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：利用他的知识、洞察力和同情心，李发明了一种为盲人量身定制的突破性
点阵盲文显示器。A. sympathy同情；B. faith信仰；C. contribution贡献；D. occupation职业。根据前文
“Employing his knowledge, insights and”可知，空处和knowledge以及insights并列，结合选项，“sympathy
同情”符合语境。故选A项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：利用他的知识、洞察力和同情心，李发明了一种为盲人量身定制的突破性
点阵盲文显示器。A. celebrated庆祝；B. adjusted调整；C. tailored专门制作；D. advocated提倡。根据后文
“How do 5 impaired (受损的) people read? How can I help them out?”可知，这个是Li Cheng
专门为盲人开发的设备。故选C项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一批被命名为“Argus”的点阵盲文显示器预计将于今年夏天发布。A.
proved证明；B. handled处理；C. awarded授予；D. released公开。根据后文“Overseas promotion is also
scheduled for next year”可知，明年海外发行，所以第一批是今年夏天发布。故选D项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当他在手机上读一本小说时，一系列问题突然出现在他的脑海
里。A. clouded使变暗淡；B. struck突然想到；C. sharpened使锐利；D. changed改变。根据后文“How do
5 impaired (受损的) people read? How can I help them out?”可知，应是突然想到一系列问题。故选B
项。
20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：视障人士是如何阅读的?A. mentally精神上；B. behaviorally行为上；C.
visually视觉上；D. socially社会上。根据前文“Li has invented a groundbreaking Braille (盲文) dot display
2 for the blind.”可知，是专门为盲人开发的，所以此处是他好奇视障人士是如何阅读的?故选C项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的好奇心促使他对这个课题进行研究，包括与那些每天都经历挑战的人
交流。A. honesty诚实；B. determination决心；C. bravery勇敢；D. curiosity好奇心。根据前文“How do
5 impaired (受损的) people read? How can I help them out?”可知，是Li Cheng的好奇，让他开始研究
这个课题。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的好奇心促使他对这个课题进行研究，包括与那些每天都经历挑战的人
交流。A. activities活动；B. exercise锻炼；C. performance表演；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“Li has
invented a groundbreaking Braille (盲文) dot display 2 for the blind.”可知，他要专门为盲人开发
阅读设备，而盲人是每天都经历挑战的。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，李的团队经过几轮的试验和错误，成功地将成本降低了
40%，并最终成功地重建了一个设备，将以前的物理方法推翻为目前的电磁方法。A. increase增加；B.reduce降低；C. control控制；D. estimate估计。根据前文“However, when he put his idea into practice, the
expensive material jumped in the way.”可知，昂贵的材料阻碍了他，所以此处应是设法降低了成本。故选B
项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，李的团队经过几轮的试验和错误，成功地将成本降低了
40%，并最终成功地重建了一个设备，将以前的物理方法推翻为目前的电磁方法。A. incident冲突；B.
error错误；C. competition竞争；D. interruption中断。根据前文“rounds of trial and”以及后文“and
eventually succeeded in reconstructing a device”可知，空处和trial并列，根据后文的最终成功了，推知，应
是“error错误”符合语境。故选B项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，李的团队经过几轮的试验和错误，成功地将成本降低
了40%，并最终成功地重建了一个设备，将以前的物理方法推翻为目前的电磁方法。A. previous以前的；
B. comprehensive综合的；C. scientific科学的；D. systematic系统的。根据前文的“overturns”以及后文
“physical approach to the present electromagnetic approach”可知，把物理方法推翻为目前的电磁方法，所以
物理方法应是以前的。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一代阿格斯的定价在8000元至10000元之间，公司计划推出价格更实
惠、具备基本功能的入门级版本。A. listed列举；B. measured测量；C. priced给…定价；D. calculated计
算。根据后文“between 8,000 to 10,000 yuan”可知，应是定价在8000元至10000元之间。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一代阿格斯的定价在8000元至10000元之间，公司计划推出价格更实
惠、具备基本功能的入门级版本。A. official正式的；B. affordable价格合理的；C. satisfactory令人满意
的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据后文“entry-level version with basic functions”可知，只具备基本功能的入门
级版本，应是更实惠的。故选B项。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：展望未来，李计划用三到五年的时间来推动阿格斯的发展。A. Thinking
back抚今追昔；B. Moving around 四处溜达；C. Stepping aside回避；D. Looking ahead展望未来。根据后
文“Li plans to devote three to five years to boost Argus.”可知，用三到五年的时间来推动阿格斯的发展应是展
望未来。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：海外推广也计划于明年进行，目标是将核心技术高密度触觉传感整合到虚
拟现实应用中，并有可能开发家用伴侣机器人，以改善人们的家庭生活。A. services服务；B.
responsibilities责任；C. ambitions志向；D. requirements必要条件。根据后文“to integrate the core
technology—high-density tactile sensing (高密度触觉传感) —into virtual reality applications and potentially
develop 15 companion robots”可知，整合技术开发家用伴侣机器人，这是志向。故选C项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海外推广也计划于明年进行，目标是将核心技术高密度触觉传感整合到
虚拟现实应用中，并有可能开发家用伴侣机器人，以改善人们的家庭生活。A. household家庭的；B.
commercial商业的；C. medical医疗的；D. educational教育的。根究后文“with the aim of improving
people’s domestic lives.”可知，改善人们的家庭生活，所以是开发家用伴侣机器人。故选A项。1. （2023·新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。When John Todd was a child, he
loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example,
often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John
started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
,
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage
(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用
自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house,
observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through
plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could
be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的
树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变
得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying
agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can
certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了
农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？
哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”
以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到
惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”
可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-
like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to
clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类
似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城
市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you
let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。
然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
2.（2024·浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇）
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall
Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the
island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing
team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday familymusicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages.
He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The
Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first
performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s
Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught
through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
1. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”?
A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough.
C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath.
2. What can we learn about the two actors?
A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“.
C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago.
3. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers?
A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities.
C. Technical support. D. Educational resources.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险
记》。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多
诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar
presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The
Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名
创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷
的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那
提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段
中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first
performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学
生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧
院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。
【3题详解】细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math
and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s
Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如
欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过
《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育
资源。故选D项。
