文档内容
2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
1. (2018·江苏高考) But the information I got was rich and varied, or even __________(contradict).
2. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking arms __________ one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the
water.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely
__________(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
4. (2020· 江 苏 高 考 ) The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable
__________(transform).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. They tried several ways to ____________________ to make more profits.
他们尝试了几种方法来降低成本以获得更多的利润。(have sth. done)
2. It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way ____________________.
令人惊讶的是, 简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式多少。
3. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and
____________________ consistently over a large area.
自20世纪80年代中期以来才采用追踪北极熊族群的现代方法, 而且在一个大区域内持续进行花费是巨大
的。
4. The new mechanism is not so effective as they ____________________, for months passed and there has been
no big improvement in management efficiency.
新的机制并不像他们预期的那样有效, 因为数月过去了, 但管理效率并没有明显改进。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
One Japanese company said a “smart” mask is ready to improve for people
1. ________(wear) face coverings.
The use of the face masks plays a key role in reducing spread of the coronavirus(冠状病毒). 2. __________,
masks and other kinds of coverings can affect the quality of communication between wearers.
It can be more difficult to hear voices through the coverings. Many business and public spaces also have social
distancing rules in place, which makes it harder for people 3. ________(hear) and understood.The wearable electronic device is designed to solve the problem.
The company calls its 4. ________(invent) the “c-mask”. The device is meant to fit over other kinds of face
masks commonly worn by the public.
The c-mask 5. ________is made of soft plastic material contains a built-in microphone and has holes in the
front to let air in. When it
6. ________(turn) on, the mask uses Bluetooth technology to connect to
7. ________mobile phone. An app then helps users perform several actions, including turning speech into text,
completing telephone calls and making the user’s voice 8. ________(loud). The device can also translate a person’s
voice into eight other languages.
The mask will 9. ________(hopeful) be put into the market next year. The designer says he has received
strong interest in the product from some potential 10. ________(customer).
IV.阅读理解
A
Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can
be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it.
Dios says it is the world’s first jumbo jet hostel, an actual jet-plane at Sweden’s main airport outside
Stockholm which has been converted (改装) into a 25-room guesthouse that sleeps as many as 72 people.
“I learned about this plane that was standing abandoned at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of
hostels in many different houses and buildings, ”he told reporters. “I thought, ‘Why not a plane? ’”
Jumbo Hostels opened for business on Thursday, giving customers the chance to check in and sleep in a room
that can best be described as cozy.
“The most challenging part with this project is trying to build something inside a metal hull (外壳)—it’s just
really, really tight. ”
The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines, was taken out of service in 2002. One thing the
hostel has going for it is price—a room starts at 350 Swedish crowns (about﹩41), which is a lot less than hotel
rooms outside of major airports.
Another feature: customers can get married on the wing of the plane and live in the plane’s more luxurious
honeymoon room situated in the cockpit (驾驶舱).
Instead of walking down the aisle (走廊), lovebirds can take what Jumbo Hostels calls the“wing walk”, where
they can be joined in great joy at the wing tip. The hostel has someone ready to perform the ceremony.But in some respects, this hostel remains a plane—most customers have to share the jet’s nine bathrooms and
staff only wear air steward and stewardess clothes. The only room that has its own bathroom is the honeymoon
suite.
1. Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios creates a new kind of jet hostel in order to______.
A. make people more comfortable
B. earn more money from people
C. change people’s idea of not sleeping on the plane
D. explore the sources of the universe
2. According to the passage the jet hostel is______.
A. flying in the sky
B. hung in the sky
C. lying on the airport
D. buried underground
3. This abandoned plane originally belongs to______.
A. Stockholm Airlines
B. Singapore Airlines
C. Sweden Airlines
D. Oscar Dios Airlines
4. Which statement of the following do you think can best describe this passage?
A. A new fashion of wedding in the plane.
B. For travelers, a new way to get a restful night.
C. A new way to enjoy yourselves.
D. How to change a plane into a hostel.
B
We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours—about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day—at
our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as
we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.
Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of
energy. While it’s true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence
suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why blue-light-blocking
glasses are so popular. So, do the glasses work?“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but there’s no evidence that it
may be causing serious damage, ” Dr. Rahul Khurana, a clinical spokesman, told Business Insider.
Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is
also present in LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re
looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳). More than 60 percent of people experience eye
problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained
because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So, if eyestrain is the real issue, blue-light-
blocking glasses are probably of little use.
5. What do we know about blue light?
A. It has the shortest wavelength.
B. It’s a kind of nuclear radiation.
C. It consumes a great deal of energy.
D. It may come from electronic devices.
6. What causes the popularity of blue-light-blocking glasses?
A. Evidence of their benefits to eyes.
B. Widespread use of smart devices.
C. Belief in blue light’s harmful effect.
D. Scientific understanding of blue light.
7. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A. Rubbing eyes makes people strained.
B. Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.
C. Blue light may connect with tired eyes.
D. Eye problems are not easy to deal with.
8. According to the text, wearing blue-light-blocking glasses may be______.
A. useless B. harmful
C. tiring D. beneficial
V. 七选五
Putting children in daycare helps working parents take their minds off childcare. 1
How daycare negatively affects children is related to many factors. One study has suggested that some
children who spend long hours in daycare centers experience more stress than those who spend more time in a
setting with a mother.Another study has shown that children who are shy have a higher level of the hormone cortisol (皮质醇)
which is released when an individual shows signs of stress. 2 And as a result the child may not mix well with
the other children and the teachers at the daycare center, a situation that can cause stress.
Another negative impact of daycare is that there is less communication between a mother and her child. 3
So it is essential for a child to develop a deep bond with his or her mother, since this will lay the foundation for all
the relationships he or she will form later on in life. Children who spend a lot of time with their mothers experience
healthy social and emotional development, while long hours in daycare can disrupt this bonding. Children who lose
out on precious mother-child bonding are observed to have behavioral problems as they grow older.
Children in daycare centers also feel unprotected compared to children at home. In a daycare center, when one
caregiver attends to more than one child at the same time, she may not be able to look deeply into why a child is
mixing well or not. 4 Another negative aspect of daycare is that children there are more likely to fall ill if
they come in contact with sick children.
5 Well-maintained daycare centers contribute a great deal to the overall development of a child by
providing a structured environment. Children become more social by interacting with other children of the same
age, and learn new activities that are not always available if they are brought up only at home.
A. But daycare has its disadvantages.
B. Look for a daycare center that is well-maintained.
C. However, the advantages of daycare cannot be ignored.
D. This is because a shy child will not open up freely in public.
E. Babies become extremely attached to their primary caregivers.
F. In such cases, a child may become either completely quiet or aggressive.
G. You can cut the time in daycare centers by making alternative childcare arrangements.
VI. 应用文写作
假定你是李华, 你校即将举行“给农村小学捐书” (Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools)活动, 现
向全校招募志愿者, 你的笔友Peter来信向你咨询有关情况, 请你写一封回信, 要点如下:
1. 简单介绍该项活动;
2. 志愿者所需条件。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. But the information I got was rich and varied, or even contradictory(contradict).
2. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
3. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to
recover(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
4.The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation(transform).
Ⅱ. 1. They tried several ways to have the cost reduced to make more profits.
2. It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way that/in which we think.
3. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are
expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
4. The new mechanism is not so effective as they had expected, for months passed and there has been no big
improvement in management efficiency.
Ⅲ.
One Japanese company said a “smart” mask is ready to improve for people
1. ________(wear) face coverings.
The use of the face masks plays a key role in reducing spread of the coronavirus(冠状病毒). 2. __________,
masks and other kinds of coverings can affect the quality of communication between wearers.
It can be more difficult to hear voices through the coverings. Many business and public spaces also have social
distancing rules in place, which makes it harder for people 3. ________(hear) and understood.
The wearable electronic device is designed to solve the problem.
The company calls its 4. ________(invent) the “c-mask”. The device is meant to fit over other kinds of face
masks commonly worn by the public.
The c-mask 5. ________is made of soft plastic material contains a built-in microphone and has holes in the
front to let air in. When it
6. ________(turn) on, the mask uses Bluetooth technology to connect to
7. ________mobile phone. An app then helps users perform several actions, including turning speech into text,
completing telephone calls and making the user’s voice 8. ________(loud). The device can also translate a person’s
voice into eight other languages.The mask will 9. ________(hopeful) be put into the market next year. The designer says he has received
strong interest in the product from some potential 10. ________(customer).
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一种新的飞机宿舍, 能够带给人比较
舒适的休息环境, 使旅行者得到一种拥有宁静夜晚的新方法。
1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But
Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to
prove it. “很多人不喜欢必须在飞机上睡觉的想法。但瑞典企业家Oscar Dios认为他们会被说服, 因此, 他创
造了一种新的宿舍去证明它。”可知, C选项是正确的。
2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段 I learned about this plane that was standing abandoned at
Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings“我知道这架飞
机在阿兰达机场废弃, 并且我一直在尝试在许多不同的房屋和建筑物中建立宿舍的概念。”可知喷气式飞
机宿舍是在机场的, 所以C选项是正确的。
3. 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据文章第六段 The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore
Airlines“这架喷气式飞机最初是为新加坡航空公司生产的”可知这架废弃的飞机是新加坡航空公司的, 所以
B选项是正确的。
4. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲了一种新的飞机宿舍, 能够带给人比较舒适的
休息环境, 使旅行者得到一种拥有宁静夜晚的新方法, 所以B选项是正确的。
B
5. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据题干中的 blue light 可定位至文章第一段最后一句 It might be, mainly
because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light. 和第二段第一句 Blue light is a type of
electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. 可知, 蓝光是一种
电磁辐射, 波长很短, 产生大量的能量, 而且当我们盯着我们的设备时, 我们会将自己暴露在蓝光下。由此
推知, 蓝光可能出自电子设备。故D项正确。
6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句可知, 虽然在某些情况下光线确实会损害我们
的眼睛, 但没有科学证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。但很多人仍然认为是这样, 这就是为什么遮蓝光眼
镜如此受欢迎。由此可知是相信蓝光对眼睛有害致使遮蓝光眼镜的流行。故正确答案为C。
7. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二、三句 In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light.Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. 可知, 事实上, 太阳是最大的蓝光源。此外, 蓝光也存在于
LED光中。因此蓝光照射在生活中是很难避免的。故B项正确。A项“揉眼睛使人紧张”, C项“蓝光可
能与眼疲劳有关”, D项“眼睛的问题不容易处理”, 均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
8.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句 So, if eyestrain is the real issue, blue-light-blocking
glasses are probably of little use. 可知, 所以, 如果眼疲劳是真正的问题, 那么遮蓝光眼镜可能用处不大。因
此戴遮蓝光眼镜可能是无用的。故A项正确。B项“有害的”, C项“累人的”, D项“有益的”, 均不符
合文意。故正确答案为A。
V.【文章大意】文章介绍了日托对儿童成长的影响。
1. 【解析】选A。根据上文可知, 把孩子送到日托中心可以帮助有工作的父母把他们的注意力从照顾孩子
上转移开。根据文章第二段第一句 How daycare negatively affects children is related to many factors. 可知,
日托对儿童的负面影响与许多因素有关。上文提到了日托的好处, 下文具体论述了日托的缺点, 故此空应
该引出日托的缺点。A项意为“但是日托也有它的缺点”, 承上启下, 符合语境。故正确答案为A。
2. 【解析】选D。根据上文可知, 另一项研究表明, 当一个人表现出压力迹象时, 体内会释放出荷尔蒙皮质
醇, 害羞的儿童的荷尔蒙皮质醇水平更高。故此空应该与解释为什么害羞的儿童体内会释放出更高水平的
荷尔蒙皮质醇有关。D项意为“这是因为一个害羞的孩子不会在公共场合敞开心扉”, 承接上文, 符合语境。
故正确答案为D。
3. 【解析】选E。根据下文可知, 因此, 对一个孩子来说, 与他或她的母亲建立深厚的关系是至关重要的,
因为这将为他或她今后在生活中形成的所有关系奠定基础。故此空应该与为什么婴儿和母亲建立深厚的关
系是至关重要的有关。E项意为“婴儿变得非常依恋他们的主要照顾者”, 引出下文, 符合语境。故正确答
案为E。
4. 【解析】选F。根据上文可知, 在日托中心, 当一个看护人同时照顾多个孩子时, 她可能无法深入了解为
什么一个孩子过得好或不好。故此空应该与看护人无法深入了解为什么一个孩子过得好或不好的后果有关。
F项意为“在这种情况下, 孩子可能变得完全安静或好斗”, 承接上文, 符合语境。故正确答案为F。
5. 【解析】选C。根据上文可知, 日托的另一个消极的方面是, 如果孩子们与生病的孩子接触, 他们更有可
能生病。根据下文可知, 维护良好的日托中心通过提供精心设置的环境为孩子的全面发展做出了巨大贡献。
上文阐述了日托的缺点, 下文论述了日托的优点, 上下文存在转折, 故此空应该引出日托的优点。C项意为
“然而, 日托的好处是不能忽视的”, 承上启下, 符合语境。故正确答案为C。
VI. 【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
Delighted to receive your letter inquiring something about Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools, I amwriting to inform you of some detailed information.
The activity is aimed to help rural primary schools by sending various kinds of books to those students, which
can not only broaden their horizons, but also cultivate their capabilities of thinking and learning independently and
critically. Additionally, the volunteers should be diligent and optimistic, assuring them to face some setbacks
during the process of this activity.
If you have any questions about this project, please contact me without any hesitation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
