文档内容
2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·浙江高考)To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a __________ (guide) play,
a radio play and a television play.
2. (2020·天津高考)__________ (fortunate), curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with
them and need only recapture them.
3. (2020·浙江高考)I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a
hope of sharing my __________ (enthusiastic) for the theater with others.
4. (2019·天津高考) However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a __________ (commit) to
something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some
moral concept.
5. (2019•天津高考)To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to
distant planets. However, technology is also the __________ (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,
touching lives in countless ways.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Occasionally, I ________________________ that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
偶尔我也会读布置的小说但我不喜欢这种类型的阅读。
2. Spoiling children may make them have no consciousness about ________________________.
溺爱孩子可能会让他们意识不到自己的自私行为。
3. Please make sure you have ________________________ with you when leaving the plane.
请确保在下飞机前带好你的所有随身物品。4. ________________________, his heart sank.
听说他儿子没有被理想的大学录取, 他心里一沉。
5. While some people are motivated by a need for success, ________________________.
有些人的动力源于对成功的渴望, 而另一些人则源于害怕失败。
Ⅲ. 微语段填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
1. He set up a welfare __________ (organize) ten years ago. Now, he has made a great __________ (achieve)
and he is also a respectable businessman. We all feel __________ (inspire) by his deeds and __________ (kind).
2. The wealthy man went abroad with the __________ (intend) of trying his fortune, while the poor man
__________ (intend) to learn some skills of earning money.
3. The old doctor takes many things into __________ (consider) before making a prescription. His __________
(observe) plays an important part, through which he will make a __________ (connect).
4. To gain an advantage over others in an __________ (argue), you should be respectful and __________
(consider). You also should mind your __________ (behave), your tone and so on. To get enough information
about a topic, you should turn to __________ (refer) books.
5. __________ once hit me that I could live __________ quiet life in the rural area. Therefore, I began to consider
__________(move) to a small mountain village. __________ I settled down, I started living like an old fairy.
6. You should carry __________ with your hard work. Only in this way can you succeed. You should remember
that it is your own effort that __________(determine) your future.
7. __________(tire) and hungry, we finally came to a small village about an old hunter, with whose help we met
__________ chance. It is with his help __________ we found our way out of the forest.
8. The scientist has observed the peasants __________(grow) crops in the traditional way. He thinks that it is his
duty to argue them __________ believing scientific farming.
IV. 阅读理解
AItaly and China have agreed to jointly advance the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)(一带一
路), which aims to build a trade and infrastructure network to connect Asia with Europe and Africa along ancient
trade routes. Italy will use this opportunity to cooperate with China to develop its northern ports and the Invest
Italia program, and promote cooperation in all fields.
Despite some skepticism, the BRI has developed into one of the world’s largest cooperation platforms and
become a hot public good. More than 120 countries and 29 international organizations have signed agreements with
China up to date, bringing all sorts of development opportunities to parties of the BRI, including the construction
of Kenya’s first high-speed expressway, the first cross-sea bridge in the Maldives, and the formation of the car
industry in Belarus.
The inclusion of Italy into the BRI makes Italy the first G7 country to formally join the Initiative and sets a
new milestone in the process of building the Belt and Road.
What makes the BRI unique is that it is an initiative for win-win cooperation rather than zero-sum
competition. As everyone knows, the BRI has its origin in the ancient Silk Road trade route that linked China with
many places in the world, including the Italian cities of Rome and Venice. Italy is a natural fit for the ambitious
project because of its historical connections with China, and also because of the need to be open rather than closed,
to cooperate rather than confront. In this fast-changing world, seeking win-win progress is the best path forward
for all countries.
In China, it is said that without a big breakthrough in thinking, there will be no big leap in practice; and
without a big leap in practice, there will be no great development. A number of Chinese ideas and initiatives have
been formed with the goal of building a community of common destiny in mind. Under the BRI, we can expect
China to deepen policy coordination, facilities connectivity, free trade, financial integration, and people-to-
people bonds.
The revival of China as a great power is a blessing to the world, contributing to the building of a better world.
1. How does the author develop the second paragraph?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.C. By reasoning and analyzing.
D. By describing important events.
2. What can we learn from the last but one paragraph?
A. China has become a superpower.
B. China puts others’ interests before its own.
C. China has been seeking development for all.
D. China is well-known for its traditional ideas.
3. What does the underlined part “zero-sum competition” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Only one participant will win.
B. None of the participants will win.
C. All participants will gain something.
D. Some participants will win at the cost of others.
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. The revival of China as a great power
B. Construction along ancient trade routes
C. A milestone in building BRI has been set
D. Italy and China reached an agreement on BRI
B
NASA has shown a design for a 3D-printed habitat that could be home for the first humans visiting the Red
Planet. It has a double-shell design, to protect the habitable spaces from the natural expansion and contradiction
caused by the extreme temperatures swings on Mars. Inside, its functional areas are spread over four levels, with a
spiral staircase allowing humans to move around freely.
On the first level there is a wet lab, and a preparation area for astronauts entering and leaving the building.The second level has a dry lab, as well as a kitchen area. The third level functions as a sleeping area, as well as a
sanitation pod and a garden area. The fourth level is an exercise and recreation area.
“Architecture on Earth plays a decisive role in the way we live, ” said AI Space Factory, the New York-based
team behind the design. “On Mars, this role reaches a higher level of importance since architecture is the machine
which keeps us alive. ”
AI Space Factory has been selected as the winner of NASA’s 3D-Printed Habitat Challenge, and awarded the
top prize of $500, 000. The competition challenged participants to create shelters out of recyclables and materials
that could be found on deep-space destinations, like the Moon and Mars.
AI Space Factory was praised for the way it automated the building process—completing the building with
nearly no human assistance in 30 hours. It was also applauded for its biopolymer basalt composite—a
biodegradable (可生物降解的) and recyclable material developed from natural materials found on Mars. After
passing a series of NASA’s tests, this material was found to be stronger than its concrete competitors.
“It’s light, and it’s strong, like an airplane, ” said Lex Akers from the Caterpillar College of Engineering and
Technology at Bradley University, who was one of the competition judges. “That’s going to be very important for
these types of habitats. ”
5. What are the first and second paragraphs talking about?
A. The features of this 3D-printed habitat.
B. The structure of this 3D-printed habitat.
C. The functions of this 3D-printed habitat.
D. The introduction of this 3D-printed habitat.
6. The underlined words “sanitation pod” in the passage probably mean “______”.
A. Washroom. B. Living room.
C. Dining room. D. Bedroom.
7. Why NASA selected AI Space Factory as the winner?A. It used recyclables.
B. No human assistance.
C. Its material is proper.
D. It passed NASA’s a range of tests.
8. What do you find this 3D-printed habitat?
A. It costs a lot.
B. It will come into reality.
C. It is of significance.
D. It arouses people’s interest.
V.七选五
People tend to download Google Earth with the belief that the images are updated live from satellites in space.
The reality is that the images captured by the satellites are made available by certain government agencies and
some commercial image providers. 1 Although some of the satellite images may be older than a year, they
contain a lot of information that can be of great value. 2
3 You can locate specific addresses and monuments in your city. Also you can measure the length
between different points as well as the area or radius(半径) of certain structures. You can also create maps with the
geospatial data that is available on the program, as well as capture and print high-resolution(分辨率高的) satellite
images for free. The integrated movie maker makes it possible for you to record videos of activities.
4 Google Earth features several tools that are easy to use regardless of your technical proficiency level.
You can fly over multiple locations on the hemisphere to explore different landscapes, oceans, mountain ranges,
canyons, and other geographical elements. You can save tours and destinations which may be viewed at a later time
or shared with friends.
5 Google Earth makes it possible for you to track changes within your neighborhood. With the historical
imagery feature you can find the level of infrastructural improvements or environmental degradation. You can
easily monitor coastal erosion, melting ice caps and the rapid urbanization. You can dive to the bottom of seas andoceans to explore the underwater habitat, view shipwrecks, and marine glacial deposits.
A. It is relatively easy to use.
B. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
C. It provides detailed view of different locations.
D. You can download Google Earth at no cost at all.
E. Google Earth is not intended for military purposes.
F. Here are a few reasons why you should have Google Earth on your computer.
G. They are then acquired by Google Earth and uploaded to the image database for public use.
VI. 完形填空
I was walking my dog Snoopy one evening while the last light of the setting sun
1 the clouds purple and pink. I looked up at the sky and smiled. After a minute Snoopy started 2 at her
leash(皮带). She was more than ready to head inside for a bowl of dog food and a bacon 3 . I wasn’t quite
ready to go in, however, so I 4 her. I was waiting for my friends the Little Blinkers to appear.
It wasn’t long either 5 I saw them switching their lights on and off. They were fireflies, of course, also
known as lightning bugs. Over all the years that I have lived here they have never failed to appear at this time
during the summer. They have never failed to 6 me. They have never failed to make the world a little
brighter. It has always been such a 7 too knowing that such wonderful creatures can shine their own light and
make the 8 meadows look like the starry skies above. They make me want to share my own light as well,
even if it isn’t that bright and even if it does 9 to blink now and then.
Robert Fulghum wrote, “I know some people who 10 a lot of light. Because they have absorbed a lot
of light themselves. They shine. ” I don’t know how much light I have 11 the years, but I do know that I
won’t keep it 12 under a basket. I will shine it. I will share it. I will use it to 13 as much goodness,
love, joy, and wisdom into this world as I possibly can.
May you always 14 your light as brightly as you can. May you always share it with others as well.
Remember that you are not asked to 15 the whole world up. What you need to do is just to make your littlecorner of it a bit brighter.
1. A. printed B. dyed C. colored D. pictured
2. A. pushing B. pulling C. dragging D. waving
3. A. food B. thing C. treat D. feast
4. A. comforted B. approved C. pleased D. blamed
5. A. unless B. before C. when D. once
6. A. delight B. disappoint C. satisfy D. touch
7. A. chance B. surprise C. curiosity D. joy
8. A. green B. ordinary C. vast D. dark
9. A. intend B. plan C. tend D. manage
10. A. give out B. give off C. give away D. give in
11. A. absorbed B. appealed C. applied D. collected
12. A. stayed B. remained C. changed D. hidden
13. A. cause B. appear C. bring D. require
14. A. hold B. shine C. spread D. offer
15. A. build B. deepen C. light D. brighten
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance (guide) play, a radio play and a
television play.
2. Fortunately (fortunate), curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only
recapture them.3. I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my
enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for the theater with others.
4. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment (commit) to something larger than our
own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
5.To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.
However, technology is also the application (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in
countless ways.
Ⅱ. 1. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
2. Spoiling children may make them have no consciousness about their selfish behavior.
3. Please make sure you have all your belongings with you when leaving the plane.
4. Hearing that his son was not admitted to the ideal university, his heart sank.
5. While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
Ⅲ. 1. He set up a welfare organization (organize) ten years ago. Now, he has made a great achievement
(achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman. We all feel inspired (inspire) by his deeds and kindness
(kind).
2. The wealthy man went abroad with the intention (intend) of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended
(intend) to learn some skills of earning money.
3. The old doctor takes many things into consideration (consider) before making a prescription. His observation
(observe) plays an important part, through which he will make a connection (connect).
4. To gain an advantage over others in an argument (argue), you should be respectful and considerate
(consider). You also should mind your behavior (behave), your tone and so on. To get enough information about a
topic, you should turn to reference (refer) books.
5. It once hit me that I could live a quiet life in the rural area. Therefore, I began to consider moving(move) to a
small mountain village. Once I settled down, I started living like an old fairy.
6. You should carry on with your hard work. Only in this way can you succeed. You should remember that it isyour own effort that determines(determine) your future.
7. Tired(tire) and hungry, we finally came to a small village about an old hunter, with whose help we met by
chance. It is with his help that we found our way out of the forest.
8. The scientist has observed the peasants grow(grow) crops in the traditional way. He thinks that it is his duty to
argue them into believing scientific farming.
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文介绍了中国倡导的“一带一路”给许多国家带来的发展机会和进展情况。
1.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中More than 120 countries and 29 international organizations have
signed agreements with China up to date, bringing all sorts of development opportunities to parties of the BRI,
including the construction of Kenya’s first high-speed expressway, the first cross-sea bridge in the Maldives, and
the formation of the car industry in Belarus. (迄今为止, 超过120个国家和29个国际组织已经和中国签署了协
议, 给“一带一路”倡议国带来了各种发展机会, 包括肯尼亚第一条高速公路的建设、马尔代夫的第一跨
海大桥, 白俄罗斯汽车产业的形成)可知, 本段采用举例的方式来说明“一带一路”给倡议国带来的好处。
A项符合以上说法。
2.【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 A number of Chinese ideas and initiatives have been
formed with the goal of building a community of common destiny in mind. Under the BRI, we can expect China to
deepen policy coordination, facilities connectivity, free trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds.
(中国提出的一系列理念和倡议, 都着眼于构建人类命运共同体。在“一带一路”框架下, 我们可以期待中
国深化政策协调、设施联通、自由贸易、金融融合、民心相同)可知, 中国一直致力于人类共同体的发展。
C项符合以上说法。
3.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句子What makes the BRI unique is that it is an initiative for
win-win cooperation rather than zero-sum competition. 可知, “一带一路”的独特之处在于, 它是一个双赢的合
作, 而非zero-sum competition。由句意可知, 上下文是转折关系, 由此推测画线部分的意思是“单方面获
利”。 D. Some participants will win at the cost of others. (一些参与者以牺牲他方为代价获得利益)符合以上
说法。4.【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容, 尤其是第一段的Italy and China have agreed to jointly
advance the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)可知, 本文主要讲述意大利和中国已经同意共同
推动“一带一路”的建设。故D. Italy and China reached an agreement on BRI(意大利和中国就“一带一路”
达成协议)可以作为本文标题。
B
【文章大意】本文介绍由3D打印机为宇航员打印出的栖息地通过了美国宇航局的测试。
5.【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第一段中的“a 3D-printed habitat that could be home for the first humans
visiting the Red Planet. It has a double-shell design. . . Inside, its functional areas are spread over four levels”和
第二段中的“On the first level. . . The second level. . . The third level. . . The fourth level. . . ”可知, 第一、二段
主要是对这个3D打印的栖息地的介绍。
6.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知, 在第一层有一个潮湿的实验室和宇航员进出大楼的准备区。
第二层有一个干燥的实验室, 还有一个厨房区域。第三层是一个睡眠区, 还有一个卫生舱和一个花园区。
第四层是锻炼和娱乐区。上文已提到kitchen area , sleeping area, 所以画线词sanitation pod指洗手间。
7.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“After passing a series of NASA’s tests, this material was
found to be stronger than its concrete competitors. ”可知, 美国宇航局选择人工智能太空工厂作为赢家, 因为它
通过了美国宇航局的一系列测试。
8.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It’s light, and it’s strong, like an airplane. . . That’s going
to be very important for these types of habitats. ”可知, 它很轻, 而且很结实, 就像一架飞机, 这对这些栖息地
非常重要。由此可推知, 这个3D打印的栖息地意义重大。
V.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。本文讲述了Google Earth的图像并不是从太空卫星上实时更新的, 而是由
某些政府机构和一些商业图像提供商提供, 但它仍具有一定优点, 并且本文介绍了下载Google Earth三个方
面的优点。
1. 【解析】选 G。上文 The reality is that the images captured by the satellites are made available by certain
government agencies and some commercial image providers. (实际情况是, 卫星拍摄的图像由某些政府机构和
一些商业图像提供商提供) 与G. They are then acquired by Google Earth and uploaded to the image database for
public use. (它们随后被谷歌地图收购并上传到图像数据库供公众使用)承接自然, 上下文是并列关系, image是关键词。
2. 【解析】选F。根据下文陈述的几个下载谷歌地图的优点可知, 此处应选择一个能开启下文的句子, F.
Here are a few reasons why you should have Google Earth on your computer. (这里是一些你为什么应该在你的
电脑上安装谷歌地图的原因)可以放在此处开启下文。
3. 【解析】选D。根据下文的You can also create maps with the geospatial data that is available on the program,
as well as capture and print high-resolution satellite images for free. ( 你还可以使用程序中提供的地理空间数据
创建地图, 以及免费捕获和打印高分辨率卫星图像)可知, 本段主要讲述可以免费下载谷歌地图。D. You can
download Google Earth at no cost at all. (你可以免费下载谷歌地图)可以作为本段中心句, for free和at no cost
at all是关键词。
4. 【解析】选 A。根据下文的 Google Earth features several tools that are easy to use regardless of your
technical proficiency level. ( Google Earth有几种工具, 无论你的技术熟练程度如何, 都易于使用)可知, 本段
主要讲述谷歌地图易于使用。A. It is relatively easy to use. (它相对容易使用)可以作为本段中心句, easy to
use是关键词。
5. 【解析】选C。根据下文Google Earth makes it possible for you to track changes within your neighborhood.
With the historical imagery feature, you can find the level of infrastructural improvements or environmental
degradation. (Google Earth使你能够跟踪你附近地区的变化。通过历史图像功能, 你可以找到基础设施改善
或环境退化的程度)可知, 本段主要讲述谷歌地球可以提供具体的视图, C. It provides detailed view of different
locations. (它提供不同位置的细节视图)可以作为本段中心句。
VI. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。一天晚上作者出去遛狗, 夜空下看到一闪一闪的萤火虫, 联想
到人也应该跟萤火虫一样, 为他人、为世界散发自己的光芒。
1.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 一天晚上, 我在遛我的狗史努比的时候, 夕阳的余晖把云渲染
成了紫色和粉红色。printed打印, 印刷; dyed 用(颜料等)给……染色; colored 渲染, 染色; pictured绘画, 描
写。根据空格后“the clouds purple and pink”可知, 句中形象地比喻夕阳照耀云朵, 就像给它渲染了(colored)
颜色一样。
2.【解析】选B。考查动名词词义辨析。句意: 过了一会儿, 史努比开始拉她的皮带。 pushing压, 推;
pulling拉; dragging拖; waving挥手。根据下一句提到史努比迫不及待想吃食物可知, 史努比开始拉
(pulling)她的皮带进屋去找食物。3.【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 她迫不及待进屋去吃一碗狗粮和熏肉零食。 food食物; thing
事情, 东西; treat款待, 小零食; feast盛宴。分析语境可知, 史努比想要吃食物和熏肉, 此处的熏肉是小零
食(treat)。
4.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 不过, 我还没准备好进去, 所以我安慰了她。 comforted安慰;
approved赞成, 批准; pleased使高兴; blamed责备。文中的“我”自己还没有准备好, 所以安慰(comforted)
史努比, 让它别着急。
5.【解析】选B。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 也没过多久, 我就看到它们一闪一闪地发光。unless除非;
before在……以前; when当……时候; once曾经。根据上文可知, 文中的我傍晚带史努比出去, 过了不多会
儿(it wasn’t long before. . . ), 天黑了, 我看到了萤火虫发光。
6.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 它们总是让我高兴。delight 使高兴, 取悦; disappoint使失望;
satisfy使满足; touch接触, 感动。根据下一句“They have never failed to make the world a little brighter(它
们总是能让世界变得更加光明)”可知, 萤火虫发光照亮黑暗, 使人高兴(delight)。
7.【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 如此奇妙的生物能发出自己的光芒, 使黑暗的草地看起来像繁
星点点的天空, 这一直是一件令人愉快的事。 chance机会; surprise惊讶; curiosity好奇; joy愉快, 欣喜。
根据语境, 作者感动于小萤火虫发光照亮黑暗, 认为这是一件令人愉快(joy)的事情。
8.【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 如此奇妙的生物能发出自己的光芒, 使黑暗的草地看起来像
繁星点点的天空, 这一直是一件令人欣喜的事。green绿色的; ordinary普通的; vast辽阔的; dark黑暗的。
根据上文可知, 文中我晚上出去遛狗, 夜空下草地是黑暗的(dark)。
9.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 它们也使我想分享自己的光, 即使它不是那么亮, 即使它往往
也会眨一眨。intend打算; plan计划; tend往往, 趋向; manage管理。根据语境, 形象地比喻自己的光往
往(tend)不是很亮, 就像萤火虫的光一样。
10.【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 罗伯特·富尔格姆写道: “我认识一些人, 他们会释放很多光
芒。” give out散发; give off释放; give away赠送; give in屈服。分析语境可知, 作者由萤火虫在黑暗中发
光, 联想到了人, 形象地比喻有些人默默为他人提供帮助, 释放(give off)自己的光芒。
11.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我不知道这些年我吸收了多少光, 但我知道我不会把它藏在
篮子里。absorbed吸收; appealed上诉, 申诉; applied申请, 应用; collected收集。分析语境可知, 文中的我由萤火虫在黑暗中发光, 联想到自己接受别人的很多帮助, 就像吸收(absorbed)了别人的光芒一样, 且上文的
they have aborbed a lot of light themselves也有暗示。
12.【解析】选D。考查过去分词词义辨析。句意: 我不知道这些年我吸收了多少光, 但我知道我不会把它
藏在篮子里。stayed停留; remained保持; changed改变; hidden隐藏的。根据上一段中“They make me
want to share my own light(它们使我想分享自己的光)”可知, 文中的我不想隐藏(hidden), 而是想分享自己的
光芒。
13.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。 句意: 我会用它尽我所能把善良、爱、欢乐和智慧带给这个世界。
cause引起; appear出现; bring带来; require需要。根据语境, 萤火虫发光给黑暗带来了一丝光明, 文中的
我联想到自己, 形象地表达自己也要像萤火虫一样, 给世界带来(bring)善良、爱、欢乐和智慧。
14.【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 愿你一直尽你所能闪耀光芒。 hold抓住; shine发光, 照亮;
spread传播, 散布; offer主动提出, 报价。根据第三段中“I will shine it. I will share it. (我会让它发光, 我会
分享它)”可知, 此处要表达“发光(shine)”。
15.【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 记住, 你不是被要求去照亮整个世界的。build建造; deepen
加深; light点亮; brighten照亮。 根据下一句“What you need to do is just to make your little corner of it a
bit brighter(你需要做的只是让你的小角落更明亮一点)”, 可知, 句意表达的是, 你不是被要求照亮(brighten)
整个世界。
