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2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 基础知识强化练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—
__________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected __________
(increase) to 42 by 2050.
3.Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging.
4. However, greater attention should __________ (place) on longevity.
5. We are __________ (commit) to improving services now.
6. After a heated discussion, they failed to arrive at a __________(conclude).
7. She had made __________ (remark) progress in her writing skills.
8. It’s vital that we __________ (carry) out the operation immediately.
9. With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge __________ (steal) the lady’s purse.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. Here is the house, __________ roof is covered with weeds. I hope you can help to remove them.
2. What you said isn’t relevant __________ what we are worried about. At the moment, we are dying to know
how to deal with the situation.
3. On the next street lies a clinic, where there is a doctor who often helps those __________ need.
4. It is up __________ you to decide whether we should accept his suggestion __________ the building be rebuilt
immediately.
5. I am looking forward __________ hearing from you. In your next letter, please introduce __________ me
how to use the textbook properly.
6. If you want to know more information, click here. We are a multimedia platform __________ you can learn to
operate computers.
7. Scientists hope to send astronauts to the remote universe one day to have __________ better knowledge of the
universe.
8. We were talking about the loan __________ Tom entered the room. He said he came __________ an old friend
just now on the street.III. 语法填空
How Netflix Became So Popular
We’ve all heard the phrase “Netflix and chill”, which means “watch Netflix and hang out”. Why not
“Amazon Prime and chill? ” There are many other websites and apps 1. (allow) people to watch TV
shows and movies. Similarly to Netflix, many streaming services offer original programs and movies. So what
made Netflix have the impact it has 2. society?
In the past few years, Netflix 3. (grow) exponentially in popularity, leaving other streaming
services and regular television in the dust. Netflix was created in 1997, 4. (original) as a way to send
rental DVDs to people. In 2007, Netflix began offering streaming television shows and movies online. But it
wasn’t until 2013 that Netflix began offering original programming, enabling viewers to watch 5.
whole season of TV all at once.
Viewers are satisfied with Netflix’s many different options for TV shows. One of the 6. (big)
appeals of Netflix was 7. it would release all seasons of any old TV shows, something that Amazon
Prime wouldn’t do. In addition, Netflix releases monthly statements about which series and movies 8.
(remove) from the service. But other sites can remove full series without any notice.
While other services might have their 9. (succeed), Netflix seems likely to continue its reign over
the TV world and 10. (become) more popular than regular TV in the next few years. Netflix has
discovered what people like to watch and how they like to watch it, and if they keep on this path, television
might be a thing of the past.
IV. 阅读理解
A
Scientists spent the past 10 years studying life in the oceans. This month, they released the results of their
work.
People often say that there are plenty of fish in the sea. But until recently, not even scientists knew how many
creatures lived in the world’s oceans. Ten years ago, a group of scientists decided to find it out.
“We announced that we would try to conduct the first-ever worldwide census of marine life, ” the project’s
co-founder, Jesse Ausubel, told TFK. “It was daring, and people responded. ”Over the next 10 years, more
than 2, 700 scientists from 80 countries worked together to track, count and study sea species. In a report this
month, they shared what they learned.
Decades of DiscoveryScientists began by exploring the seas. Along the way, they discovered many new species. “We found life
everywhere we looked, ”says census scientists Patricia Miloslavich. “We have given 1, 200 new names to science.
”
One name belongs to a type of furry white crab that spends its life at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. The
unusual creature lives in a world of total darkness. Another new species, a nine-pound lobster, was found in the
Indian Ocean, near Africa. “It is surprising that an animal of that size would remain to be discovered. ” says
Ausubel.
Scientists also did research on land. They read through old records, including scientific papers, books,
seafood—restaurant menus and fishermen’s journals. Their goal: to find out which sea creatures lived where in the
past.
Snapshot of the sea
After ten years of investigation, scientists found that the oceans are teeming with life. They counted 250, 000
marine species. They have an estimate of how many more species are waiting to be found: a whopping 750, 000.
“Most of these will be small, ” says Ausubel, “There won’t be any more giant lobsters. ”
The researchers learned which underwater areas have the most species. The seas around Australia and Japan
have as many as 33, 000 forms of life. (The average marine area has about 10, 000 species. ) These “hot spots” for
biodiversity need special attention and protection, says Miloslavich.
The accurate picture of ocean life will help scientists notice changes. “Things will be different in 10, 20, 30
years, ” says Ausubel. “Knowing what’s there now will be helpful. ”
The census gives us a better understanding of the challenges facing our oceans. Many of the problems,
including overfishing, habitat destruction and pollution, stem from(起源于) human behaviour.
Environmentalists are working to set up protected areas in the sea, much like the parks that conserve 12% of
our land. “We need to show concern for the ocean, ”says Miloslavich.
1. Why did the scientists read through old records, including scientific papers, books, seafood—restaurant menus
and fishermen’s journals?
A. To get more knowledge about the sea creature’s out-looking.
B. To know the location of the sea creature in the past.
C. To find out which place has the most sea species.
D. To find out which sea creature was almost popular.
2. What does the underlined word “whopping” mean?A. Blurry (模糊的). B. Uncertain.
C. Total. D. Enormous.
3. Which of the following sayings is Right?
A. There are plenty of new species waiting for us to find.
B. The seas around Australia and Japan have the least species.
C. Scientists wanted to get new food resources by doing this research.
D. These scientists only did research under the sea.
B
It may not be quite old enough to be the world’s oldest living organism—that “honor” goes to the bristlecone
pine tree (aged 5, 000 years)—but, at 4, 000 years of age, Leiopathes glaberrima, a deep-water coral species,
does set the record for being the oldest animal living under the sea.
Located on the floor of the Pacific Ocean, off Hawaii, the 3 meters tall, (extremely) long-lived “black coral”
could have some valuable clues about past incidents of climate change; specifically, it could better scientists’
understanding of how oceans draw down carbon dioxide—and of ocean acidification in general. Brendan Roark of
Texas University, who led a research expedition in 2006 to study the corals’ climate records, presented his findings
at the recent AAAS meeting.
How long they can live is anybody’s guess, Roark told Science’s Erik Stokstad and his colleagues used
radiocarbon dating to determine the coral’s age. What this suggests, he said, is that the harvesting of deep-water
coral for jewelry should be completely banned; because the corals grow at such an anemic(贫血的) rate, any
level of harvesting would likely wipe out the remaining specimens—those not yet affected by ocean acidification.
Roark believes it could be possible to reconstruct records of subsurface temperature variability and ocean
circulation changes, which would provide some insight on climate change incidents and help predict future effects.
By comparison, that ocean quahog clam we mentioned a while back—aged 405 years—seems almost sprightly.
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. The world’s oldest living organism.
B. Oldest animal under the sea.
C. How to protect the corals.
D. A great discovery.
5. What does the underlined word “clues” in the second paragraph mean?
A. Evidence. B. Treasure.
C. Worth. D. Usage.6. What is the value of the finding of the Leiopathes glaberrima?
A. It shows which is the oldest in the ocean.
B. It helps the scientists get more information about the ocean.
C. It shows why the weather changes so much.
D. It helps the scientists know how to live longer.
7. Why should the harvesting of deep-water coral for jewelry be completely banned?
A. Because the jewelry has little value.
B. Because the jewelry is hard to harvest.
C. Because harvesting for the jewelry does great harm to deep-water coral.
D. Because it is very dangerous.
V.七选五
Scientists Create Speech from Brain Signals
Scientists have found a way to use brain signals to make a computer speak the words a person is trying to say.
Some illnesses or injuries can cause people to lose the ability to speak. 1 , but they are slow. One method
allows a person to “type” by moving their eyes from letter to letter to spell out words. The top speed with this
method is about 10 words per minute. Normal human speech is about 150 words per minute.
Much recent research has focused on a direct connection between someone’s brain and a computer. 2 .
For many BCIs, people have wires attached to their brains. This allows scientists to track the electrical signals in
the brain and connect them to computers.
Scientists at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) decided to focus on the muscles people were
trying to use when they spoke. 3 . Epilepsy (癫痫) is a condition where unusual electrical activity in the brain
can cause problems with a person’s control of their body or senses.
There are about 100 muscles used for speaking. The scientists knew roughly what the shape of the mouth
would have to be to make each sound. This allowed them to figure out how the brain signals controlled the
speaking muscles. With that information they could “decode” the brain signals to find out how the person was
moving their mouth. 4 . The scientists were surprised at how close to real speech the computer speech was.
5 , the muscles used to make each sound are the same for everyone. That will make it easier for a system
like this to help many people.
A. These people could speak normally
B. This is called a “Brain Computer Interface” (BCI)
C. There are some ways for these people to communicateD. The UCSF’s scientists worked with a group of five people with epilepsy
E. There’s much to learn before a system like this could be used in everyday life
F. One important discovery is that though each person’s brain signals are different
G. Then the scientists were able to create computer speech sounds based on the position of the speaking muscles
VI. 应用文写作
红旗社区针对本社区居民垃圾分类情况, 计划于下周举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座, 请你代表社区写
一封公开信, 内容包括:
1. 垃圾分类的好处;
2. 讲座具体时间和地点;
3. 邀请居民参加。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 开头和结尾已经给出, 不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 垃圾分类garbage classification
Dear sir or madam,
I’m writing this letter to call on attention to the community lecture concerning garbage classification.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Hongqi Community
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—
touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase (increase)
to 42 by 2050.
3. Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely (extreme) challenging.
4. However, greater attention should be placed (place) on longevity.
5. We are committed (commit) to improving services now.6. After a heated discussion, they failed to arrive at a conclusion(conclude).
7. She had made remarkable (remark) progress in her writing skills.
8. It’s vital that we (should) carry (carry) out the operation immediately.
9. With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing (steal) the lady’s purse.
Ⅱ. 1. Here is the house, whose roof is covered with weeds. I hope you can help to remove them.
2. What you said isn’t relevant to what we are worried about. At the moment, we are dying to know how to deal
with the situation.
3. On the next street lies a clinic, where there is a doctor who often helps those in need.
4. It is up to you to decide whether we should accept his suggestion that the building be rebuilt immediately.
5. I am looking forward to hearing from you. In your next letter, please introduce to me how to use the textbook
properly.
6. If you want to know more information, click here. We are a multimedia platform where you can learn to
operate computers.
7. Scientists hope to send astronauts to the remote universe one day to have a better knowledge of the universe.
8. We were talking about the loan when Tom entered the room. He said he came across an old friend just now on
the street.
III. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Netflix变得如此受欢迎的原因是它可以发布任何电视剧的
所有季, 让观看者一次性看完; 它们了解观众喜欢看什么和用什么方式看。
1. 【解析】 allowing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语, 逻辑主语
websites and apps和allow之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词, 故填allowing。
2. 【解析】 on。考查固定短语。句意: 那么是什么使Netflix对社会产生了影响呢? 分析句子可知, it has
society是定语从句, 修饰the impact, have the impact on“对……有影响”, 是固定短语, 故填on。
3. 【解析】 has grown。考查时态。分析句子可知, 此处是句子谓语动词, 由In the past few years判断为现
在完成时, 主语Netflix是第三人称单数, 故填has grown。
4. 【解析】 originally。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰后面的介词短语, 故填originally。
5. 【解析】 a。考查冠词。season是可数名词, 结合上下文可知, 此处意为“一整季的电视节目”, 是泛指,
应用不定冠词, whole是辅音音素开头, 故填a。
6. 【解析】biggest。考查形容词的最高级。由空格前的定冠词the可知此处应当用形容词的最高级形式。
7. 【解析】 that。考查表语从句。分析句子可知, 此处是表语从句连接词, 从句it would release all seasons
of any old TV shows的成分和意义都完整, 应用连接词that, 故填that。8. 【解析】 are removed。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知, 此处是定语从句的谓语动词, 主语series and
movies和remove之间是被动关系, 且是复数, 由上文的releases判断此处为一般现在时, 故填are
removed。
9. 【解析】 success。考查名词。分析句子可知, 此处应用名词作为have的宾语, “成功”不可数, 故填
success。
10. 【解析】 to become。考查固定短语。此处考查固定短语be likely to do sth. “很有可能做某事”, 故填to
become。
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 主要讲了科学家从十年前就开始研究海洋生物种类, 并介绍了研究的内
容和基本过程。
1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由“Decades of Discovery”中的最后一句可知, 科学家这样做的目的在于发
现过去海洋生物的分布情况。其余说法在文中均无信息支持。
2.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。750 000 是一个庞大的数字, 其他选项与语境不符, 故选D。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由“They have an estimate of how many more species are waiting to be found: a
whopping 750, 000”, 可知据估计, 还有约750 000种新的海洋生物等待发现, 由此可推知, 尚未发现的海
洋生物数量庞大。B项应改为“最多的”; C 项说法无依据; D 项说法错误, 科学家还在陆地上进行研究。
B
【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了海洋寿星——Leiopathes glaberrima. 这一深海珊瑚礁在水下已经待了4
000多年, 研究它对我们研究海洋意义很大。科学家也提出了保护海洋珊瑚的建议。
4.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文介绍了海洋的寿星, 因此B项最合适。
5.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知, Leiopathes glaberrima 的发现对研究海洋提供有力的线索
与证据。
6.【解析】选B。推理判断题。第二段讲述了发现Leiopathes glaberrima 的意义, 因此可以得出答案为B。
7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。从第三段中的“because the corals grow at such an anemic rate, any level of
harvesting would likely wipe out the remaining specimens”可知, 珊瑚的生长非常缓慢, 稍微破坏就会导致物种
灭绝。
V.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科研成果。科学家已经找到了一种方法, 利用大
脑信号让电脑说出一个人试图说的话。
1. 【解析】选C。利用同词复现策略确定答案。根据这句话后面的内容: 一种方法允许一个人通过移动他们的眼睛拼出单词。此方法的最高速度约为每分钟 10 个单词。正常人类讲话是每分钟大约150个单词,
所以这里选择C: 有一些对于那些因为疾病而失去说话能力的人的沟通方式。C选项中的these people 指代
空前失去说话能力的人, C选项中的ways和空后method是同义词复现。
2. 【解析】选B。利用同词复现策略确定答案。选项B中的词汇BCI, 在空后出现, 起到上下文衔接的作
用; 选项B的主语This指代上文。许多研究都集中在人的大脑和电脑之间的一个直接联系上, 这称为“大
脑电脑接口”。对于许多大脑电脑接口来说, 人们有一些大脑电线, 这使得科学家能够跟踪大脑中的电信
号, 并将它们连接到电脑上。
3. 【解析】选D。利用同词复现策略确定答案。D选项中的epilepsy在空后出现。加州大学旧金山分校的
科学家们对五名癫痫病患者进行研究, 癫痫病是大脑中异常的电活动导致大脑对人的身体或感官控制出现
问题。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上下文的逻辑关系确定答案。大约有100块肌肉用于说话。科学家们大致知道发出
每个声音时嘴的形状是什么。这使他们能够找出大脑信号如何控制说话的肌肉。有了那个信息, 他们可以
“解码”大脑信号, 以找出人是如何移动他们的嘴。然后, 科学家们能够根据说话肌肉的位置来创造计算
机语音。科学家们对计算机产生的语音与真实语音的接近程度感到惊讶。
5. 【解析】选F。根据标点符号以及反义词复现策略确定答案。F选项中的different与后半句话中的the
same构成一对反义词。一个重要的发现是, 虽然每个人的大脑信号是不同的, 但是每个人用来发出声音的
肌肉是相同的。
VI.
【参考范文】
Dear sir or madam,
I’m writing this letter to call on attention to the community lecture concerning garbage classification. Given
that most neighbors fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to, our community will organize this
lecture in an attempt to guide this deed.
Garbage classification is of great significance. Firstly, not only can it cope with pollution issue effectively but
more space originally occupied by wasteland will be spared. Secondly, we can undeniably make a difference by
taking advantage of recyclable garbage.
To fulfill your obligation to live an eco-life, come and join in the lecture to be given at 3 p. m. next Sunday on
the playground of Hongqi Primary School. Only with combined efforts can we make our neighborhood better.
Yours,
Hongqi Community
