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2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选修性必修一 Unit 1 People of Achievement
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) But she insists ________ us eating healthy food.
2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that’s
pretty ________(power).
3. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats
________(stick) miles from the sea.
4. (2020· 天津高考) I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I
________ (chance)to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) This is quite important, because it is directly related to your ________(commit).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The insurance policy does not cover damage ___________________________
保险单内容不包括正常使用所导致的损坏。
2. ___________________________, the young man jumped with worry.
一听到喊救命的声音, 这个年轻人就担忧地跳起来。(用on/upon doing)
3. They went to London, ___________________________.
他们去了伦敦, 在那里他们生活了六个月。(用非限制性定语从句)
4. He said that he had never seen her before, ___________________________.
他说他以前从来没有见过她, 这不是事实。(用非限制性定语从句)
5. Eating too much sugar can ___________________________.
吃过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has 1. _____________(award) to Tu Youyou (co-winner),
2. _____________ research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new 3. _____________ (treat)for
malaria. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a
year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and 4.
_____________(graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, the Chinese governmentformed a team of scientists with the 5. _____________ (object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and
Tu Youyou was 6. _____________ the first researchers chosen. From their research, they discovered and tested
380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7. _____________ (use)the extract from sweet
wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then
tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid 8. _____________ (obtain)from this to treat malaria, but
this did not work either. Their project got stuck. She then concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 9.
_____________ (apparent)destroyed its medical properties.
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members
even insisted on testing the medicine on
10. _____________(they) to make sure that it was safe. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel
Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. ”
IV.阅读理解
A
When Millet was a boy he worked on his needy father’s farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers
would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing. Finally the village where he lived gave him a
little money to Paris to study art.
When Millet reached Paris he had a tough time. Fortunately, when he was almost starving someone bought
one of his peasant paintings, which enabled his family to leave for Barbizon.
Millet’s pictures of peasants at work were painted in a unique way. The painter would go out on the farms and
watch them carefully—digging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come
home and paint what he had seen. So astonishingly accurate was his memory that he could paint at home without
models and get all the movements of his figures right. When he did need a figure to go by he would ask his wife to
pose for him.
One of his noted artworks is called “The Sower”, which shows a man seeding. He reaches into his bag for
seed and then swings backward to scatter the seed, and with each swing of his hand the sower strides forward. In
Millet’s picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, like a
machine. Only the man’s head reveals his great tiredness.
Another masterpiece is called “The Gleaners”. A gleaner is someone picking up the leftover in the field after
the wheat harvest. When farmers near Barbizon are extremely badly-off, even the little the gleaners can find is ahelp. You can see from Millet’s picture what back-breaking work gleaning must be.
1. What do we know about Millet?
A. His wife supported him to be a painter.
B. He was keen on painting as a kid.
C. He spent his whole life in Barbizon.
D. He was brought up in Paris.
2. How did he paint the laboring farmers?
A. Asking models for help.
B. Imagining figures in the field.
C. Remembering what he had observed.
D. Recalling the days on his father’s farm.
3. What do Millet’s works convey?
A. The farmers’ hardships.
B. The scene of farming.
C. His love for the village.
D. His anxiety about the farmers.
4. What painting style of Millet can be inferred from the text?
A. Impressionistic. B. Abstract.
C. Romantic. D. Realistic.
B
Want to be more successful? If so, then you need to read a few self-help books. Here are four popular ones to
get you going.
59 Seconds(2009)—by Richard Wiseman
This is a self-help book with a difference. Wiseman, a scientist, uses science to prove many self-help
myths(神话)are false. For example, self-help books say that if you want to achieve a goal, you should visualize it.
But Wiseman says that’s the worst thing to do. Studies show that you need to visualize the steps required to achieve
the goal.
How to Win Friends& Influence People(1936)—by Dale Carnegie
This is the book that launched the self-help type. Carnegie says financial success is 15% professional
knowledge and 85% the ability to express ideas, assume leadership, and motivate people. The book is full of
practical advice on how to influence people by making them like you.The Millionaire Next Door(1996)—by Thomas Stanley &William Danko
The authors of this book spent years interviewing American millionaires to figure out the secrets of their
success. And they discovered that a majority of millionaires don’t live luxury lifestyles. They’re rich because they
live below their means and reinvest what they earn.
Who Moved My Cheese? (1998)—by Spencer Johnson
Who Moved My Cheese? An amazing way to deal with change in your work and in your life, published on
September 8, 1998, is a motivational business fable(寓言). The text describes change in one’s work and life,
and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two “little people”, during their hunt for cheese.
5. What is the key to achieving success in 59 Seconds?
A. To employ science.
B. To follow examples.
C. To picture procedures.
D. To visualize the goal.
6. What is Dale Carnegie’s book mainly about?
A. How to master occupational knowledge.
B. How to apply practical techniques.
C. How to gain strong management.
D. How to become popular persons.
7. Which book can help you adapt to change in your life?
A. 59 Seconds
B. Who Moved My Cheese?
C. The Millionaire Next Door
D. How to Win Friends& Influence People
V. 完形填空
Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer. In 1972, at the age of six, with his father’s help,
he 1 Galdhopiggen, the highest mountain in Northern Europe. Twenty-four years later, he stood on the
highest peak in the world, Mount Qomolangma. His journey to the 2 shows just how independent,
persistent (坚持的), and determined this 3 man is.
While most people arrive at the foothills of Mount Qomolangma by some sort of modern 4 , Kropp
bicycled 8, 000 miles from his home in Sweden. Traveling by bike was not 5 . He stopped many times to 6
his bike because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him. In addition, he was run after by dogs, stung byhornets (马蜂) and was caught in the rain several times before he 7 the base of the mountain.
Kropp 8 to climb Mount Qomolangma the same way he traveled to the mountain: without the 9
of others and without modern conveniences. Unlike other mountaineers, Kropp climbed the mountain without a
guide or helper. He did not 10 bottled oxygen to help him breathe at high altitudes, and he carried all of his
11 himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds.
It took Kropp two tries to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma. The first time, he had to 12 only 350
feet from the top because the weather was too dangerous. Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers
had 13 because of a sudden snowstorm in the mountain. He felt deep sorrow for them, but became more
14 . The mountaineer waited out the storm, rested, and tried again a few days later. This time, he was 15
. After he walked down the mountain, he got back on his bike and rode the 8, 000 miles back to Sweden.
1. A. heard of B. dreamed of
C. saw D. climbed
2. A. top B. country C. area D. valley
3. A. outstanding B. generous
C. modest D. honest
4. A. design B. vehicle
C. theory D. material
5. A. boring B. easy C. tiring D. busy
6. A. lock B. ride C. repair D. find
7. A. left B. reached
C. discovered D. toured
8. A. chose B. refused
C. agreed D. hated
9. A. presence B. approval
C. assistance D. knowledge
10. A. gather B. order
C.share D. bring
11. A. medicines B. food
C. clothes D. equipment
12. A. go on B. get up
C. set out D. turn back13. A. slipped B. wandered
C. died D. hurt
14. A. astonished B. determined
C. satisfied D. discouraged
15. A. thoughtful B. successful
C. doubtful D. meaningful
VI. 语法填空
Yu Rong, a Chinese artist, thinks of a new way to introduce 1. ______ ancient story of Hua Mulan in her
picture book. In the book, I am Hua Mulan, she tells the story by 2. __________ (combine) paper-cutting
with international artistic styles. She places Shaanxi paper-cuts over western-style pencil sketches ( 素描) 3.
__________ (create) a typical presentation of Chinese elements (元素), which turns out to be a 4. __________
(success) and impressive breakthrough.
Hua Mulan, 5. __________ story has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei
Dynasty (386-534). As a devoted daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army 6. __________
place of her father. Mulan’s characteristics, such as courage, kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and
fortune, made 7. __________ (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines. Mulan’s story has been
adapted 8. __________ ( frequent) in modern media, including TV shows, video games and literature. For
example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which 9. __________ (consider) a great success by
critics and the public.
To better tell the story, Yu Rong takes inspiration from her several 10. _______ (visit) to sites of ancient
battles and Henan Province’s Yuju Opera. After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary work.
VII.七选五
The Types to Live Below Your Full Potential
Human potential is unlimited, but unfortunately, many do not use their true potential. 1 Here are
some types to live below your true potential.
Let yourself be affected by minor issues.
Sometimes we may be affected by small issues. 2 One way to check if something is worth thinking over
is to ask yourself this question: “Will this matter in one year’s time? ” If not, then it’s probably not worth your
energy to think about these things. Focus on things that do matter in the long run instead.
Blame others for your difficulty.Is there anything you’re blaming others for in your life? 3 For example, if you blame your parents for
your obesity, you’ll continue to remain obese because in your mind they are the reason why you’re obese. You’ll
never have the power to change the situation until you take responsibility for it.
Try to do everything by yourself.
Are you someone who likes to do everything yourself? So do I, but over the years I’ve realized that this
prevents me from achieving more. 4 Start by removing the less important tasks and doing the more important
ones, and you’ll notice a big difference.
5
Many people set small goals because they’re afraid to fail. Actually what they’re really afraid of is to realize
what they’ve always had the power to achieve. So set your highest goals today. You should try to achieve them
because they are what you deserve.
A. Set small goals.
B. Believe that you can make it.
C. You give others power over that part of your life.
D. While these emotions are normal, these issues often aren’t important in the long run.
E. Trying to do everything means you’re not able to do the higher level, important things.
F. Still worse, they waste it by carrying out tasks that are a poor use of their time and energy.
G. In fact, when you blame someone for what you’re going through, you refuse responsibility.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. But she insists on us eating healthy food.
2. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that’s pretty powerful(power).
3. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck(stick) miles from the
sea.
4.I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced
(chance)to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team.
5.This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment(commit).
Ⅱ.1. The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear.
2. On/ Upon hearing a cry for help, the young man jumped with worry.
3. They went to London, where they lived for six months.4. He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
5. Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
Ⅲ.
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has 1. been awarded(award) to Tu Youyou (co-winner),
2. whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new 3. treatment (treat)for malaria.
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in
Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and 4.
graduated(graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a
team of scientists with the 5. objective (object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was
6. among the first researchers chosen. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient
Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7. using (use)the extract from sweet wormwood to treat
a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh
wormwood, and using the liquid 8. obtained (obtain)from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their
project got stuck. She then concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 9. apparently (apparent)destroyed its
medical properties.
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members
even insisted on testing the medicine on
10. themselves(they) to make sure that it was safe. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,
she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. ”
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了著名画家Millet从小就喜欢画画, 他的画作主要描绘了农民劳动时的场景。
他通过记住他所观察到的场景来描绘劳动的农民, 且Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。文章最后介绍了他
的两幅作品。
1. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中When Millet was a boy he worked on his needy father’s farm. At
the rest hour in the fields the other workers would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing. 可
知, 当Millet还是个孩子的时候, 他在他父亲的农场工作。在田间休息的时候, 其他的工人都会打盹, 但小
Millet会花时间画画。由此可知, Millet从小就喜欢画画。故选B。2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中The painter would go out on the farms and watch them carefully
—digging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come home and paint what he
had seen. 可知画家会到农场去, 看他们仔细地挖土、锄地、撒肥料、锯木头或者播种, 然后他回到家, 把
他所看到的画出来。由此可知, 他通过记住他所观察到的场景来描绘劳动的农民。故选C。
3. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 In Millet’s picture the sower has been working hard, but
his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, like a machine. Only the man’s head reveals his great tiredness.
可知在Millet的画中, 播种者一直在努力工作, 但他摆动的步伐和手臂仍然流畅地移动, 像一台机器, 只有
这个男人的头部显露出他极度的疲惫。以及最后一段中 You can see from Millet’s picture what back-breaking
work gleaning must be. 可知从Millet的画中可以看出, 拾穗是一项多么累人的工作。由此可推知, Millet的
作品传达了农民的艰辛。故选A。
4. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知, Millet通过观察劳动的农民来进行作画, 以及最
后两段描述了Millet作品中农民耕作时现实的形象, 由此可推知, Millet的绘画风格是现实主义的。
impressionistic 印象派; abstract 抽象派; romantic浪漫主义; realistic现实主义。故选D。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了几本自助书, 并对这些书的内容进行了简要的说
明。
5. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据59 Seconds (2009)—by Richard Wiseman介绍的内容, Studies show
that you need to visualize the steps required to achieve the goal. 研究表明, 你需要把实现目标所需的步骤形象
化。由此可知, 在 59 Seconds这本书中, 成功的关键是需要将做事的步骤形象化, 结合其他选项, 可知选
C。
6. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据How to Win Friends& Influence People (1936)—by Dale Carnegie介
绍的内容, The book is full of practical advice on how to influence people by making them like you. 这本书充满
了如何通过让人们喜欢你来影响他们的一些非常实用的建议。由此可知, Dale Carnegie的书主要描述的是
让人如何变得受欢迎, 所以选D。
7. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据 Who Moved My Cheese? (1998)—by Spencer Johnson介绍的内容,
《谁动了我的奶酪? 》是1998年9月8日出版的一本关于你工作和生活中的变化令人惊叹的商业寓言。该
书描述了一个人工作和生活中的变化, 以及两只老鼠和两个“小人物”在寻找奶酪时对这些变化的四种典
型反应。由此可知, Who Moved My Cheese? 能够帮助你适应你生活中的变化, 故选B。
V. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了瑞典探险家Göran Kropp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上
北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen; 二十四年后, 他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。1. 【解析】选D。根据上文“Göran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer”可知, Göran Kropp是
瑞典探险家和登山者; 并结合该句语境可知, 他在六岁时, 在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen。
2. 【解析】选A。根据空前一句可知, 在二十四年后, 他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰; 由此可知, 他登上
世界之顶的壮举展示了他独立、坚韧不拔的精神。
3. 【解析】选A。上文提到他登上了世界最高峰, 故可推知他是一个杰出的人。outstanding意为“杰出
的”。
4. 【解析】选B。根据该句中的“While most people arrive at the foothills of Mount Qomolangma by some sort
of modern ______, Kropp bicycled 8, 000 miles from his home in Sweden”可知, 尽管大部分人是通过一些现
代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的, 但是Kropp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。
5.【解析】选B。根据常识和下文中的“He stopped many times to ______his bike”可知, 骑行去珠穆朗玛峰
山脚下是不容易的。
6. 【解析】选C。根据下文中的“because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him” 可知, 由于崎岖
的道路引发自行车机械故障, 所以他不得不多次停下来修理自行车。
7. 【解析】选B。此处表示在抵达山脚下之前, 他被狗追赶, 被马蜂蜇, 数次被困在雨中。
8. 【解析】选A。根据下文中的“without the______ of others and without modern conveniences”可知, Kropp
选择了他到山脚的同样的方式去攀登山峰, 即没有别人以及现代化设备的帮助。
9. 【解析】选C。这里指“没有别人以及现代化设备的帮助”。
10. 【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。
11.【解析】选D。根据该句中的“he carried all of his ______himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds.
”可知, 他用一个大背包自带所有设备, 总重大概140磅。
12. 【解析】选D。根据该句中的“because the weather was too dangerous” 可知, 第一次登山时, 由于天气
太危险, 他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D意为“折回”, 故D正确。A意为“继续”; B意
为“起身”; C意为“出发”。
13. 【解析】选C。根据语境并结合该句内容可知, 数天前, 由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪,
八名登山者死亡。故C正确。A意为“滑落”; B意为“徘徊”; D意为“伤害(感情), 伤心”。
14.【解析】选B。根据下文中的“. . . tried again a few days later”可知, 等暴风雪停止, 数天后他又一次开始
登山。由此可知, 虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤, 但是他变得更加坚定了。
15. 【解析】选B。根据下文中的“After he walked down the mountain”可知, 这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛
峰。VI. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国艺术家郁蓉创作的中国元素图画书《我是花木兰》。
1. 【解析】the。此处指关于花木兰的古老故事, 表示特指, 用定冠词, 故填the。
2. 【解析】combining。考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动词-ing 形式, 故填combining。
3. 【解析】to create。考查非谓语动词。此处需用动词不定式表示目的, 故填to create。
4. 【解析】successful。and连接并列结构, 后面是形容词impressive(印象深刻的), 空格处需填successful,
一起修饰breakthrough。
5. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。花木兰是先行词, 在定语从句中作story的定语, 故填whose。
6. 【解析】in。in place of是固定短语, 意为“替代”, 故填in。
7. 【解析】her。动词后用代词的宾格, 故填her。
8. 【解析】frequently。修饰动词adapted, 应用副词, 故填frequently。
9. 【解析】was considered。which指代a film, 与consider之间为被动关系, 再结合时间状语“in 1998”可知
用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was considered。
10. 【解析】visits。several后应接可数名词复数, 故填visits。
VII.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生活中四种常见的埋没潜能的生活方式。
1. 【解析】选F。第一段“人类的潜能是无限的, 但不幸的是, 许多人无法发挥所有的潜能”与F项“更
加糟糕的是, 他们把发挥的潜能放在一些浪费时间和精力的工作上”, 上下文衔接, 符合文意。
2. 【解析】选D。第二段“有些时候我们也许会被一些小事影响”与D项“虽然产生这些情绪是正常的,
可是从长远来看, 这些事情通常并不重要”前后衔接, 符合文意。
3. 【解析】选G。第三段“譬如, 当你责怪你父母导致了你的肥胖, 你还会继续这么胖下去, 因为你认为他
们才是导致你肥胖的原因”与G项“事实上, 当你责怪了别的人或者别的东西, 你就在拒绝承担责任”, 逻
辑一致, 符合文意, 故选G。
4. 【解析】选E。第四段“通过把一些不重要的事情移出你的计划, 做更重要的事情, 你会发现你的结果
会产生很大的变化”与E项“尝试做所有事情意味着你不能做更高水准、更重要的事情”语意表达上一致,
符合文意。
5. 【解析】选A。根据第五段“许多人喜欢设立小的目标, 因为他们害怕失败”及下文的描述可知, A项
“设立小目标”概括准确, 符合文意。
