文档内容
2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
必修第一册 Unit 5 基础知识强化练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Australians are justly proud of their __________(当地的) wildlife.
2. They’ve spent nearly a __________ (十亿) dollars on the research already.
3. What is the __________(确切的) aim of your working so hard?
4. __________(尽管) the bad weather, she still worked in the field.
5. The main __________ (因素) in deciding whether or not to do so is the size of your project.
6. Mandela has become a __________ (象征) of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa.
7. There are two mainly different political parties to play an important part in the state __________ (事务) in this
country.
8. The majority of us feel worried if we walk through a __________ (地铁).
9. Most of the __________(公寓)in the high-rise building have heat in winter.
10. China has always insisted that all countries, big or small, should be __________(平等的).
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. This is an old building __________(date) back to the 14th century.
2. They joined us in the discussion on how to stop __________ (globe) warming.
3. Beijing is filled with people from __________(variety) of parts of China.
4. I would appreciate __________ if you can recommend a pen pal to me.
5. He graduated from Taiwan University in 1952, __________(major) in Foreign Language.
6. I wrote down the name and phone number of the hotel for future __________(refer).
7. My teacher demanded that the papers (should) __________(hand) in in 40 minutes.
8. I think that your advice is __________ great importance for my English study.
9. Some friends suggest I watch movies __________(base) on the books instead.
Ⅲ. 选词填空
refer to, ups and downs, date back to, relate to, play an important role in, all the way, lead to, point of view, be
based on
1. What he said at the meeting didn’t __________________ you.
2. Robots are __________________ industrial production.3. We plan to put on a play named Alice in Wonderland, which __________________ a movie of the same title.
4. Generally speaking, we will experience __________________ before we succeed.
5. As far as I know, most of the Great Wall __________________ the Ming Dynasty.
6. Long-term stress(压力) can __________________ a variety of serious mental illnesses.
7. Breathing the fresh air, we three talked and laughed __________________.
8. This law __________________ our daily life.
9. From my __________________, we should do some voluntary work in our free time.
Ⅳ. 用本单元的语法知识填空
1. This was a period _________ we Chinese went through a lot of sufferings.
2. The gas _________ which we cannot live is called oxygen.
3. I will never forget the scene _________ you risked(冒险) your life to save the injured.
4. Paul’s friend didn’t know the real reason _________ which he looked so sad today.
5. The picture always reminds me of the moments _________ we spent together in the high school.
6. They explained the way to us _________ can greatly reduce energy waste.
7. I don’t know the reason _________ he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
8. Yesterday we visited the Baotu Spring _________ which Jinan is famous.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong.
Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your
brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain
which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr.
Andrea Mechelli, from London University, took a group of Britain people who only spoke English. They were
compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a
number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second
language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second
language, ” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and
math skill. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible, ” he
said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas. ”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language
between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the
younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world, ”
explained the scientists.
1. What’s the main subject talked about in this passage?
A. Science on learning a second language.
B. Man’s ability of learning a second language.
C. Language can help brain power.
D. Language learning and math study.
2. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to .
A. say language is also a kind of physical labor
B. prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language
C. show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
3. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Learning a second language is the same as studying math.
B. Early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in study other subjects.
C. Italian is the best choice for you as a second language.
D. We’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language.
B
Online, English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the
language itself is changing. There are now thought to be some 4. 5 billion web pages worldwide. Some language
experts predict that within 10 years English will occupy the Internet — but in forms it is very different to what we
accept and recognize as English today.
That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And
increasingly, they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers, particularly on the Internet where less
attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don’t have to worry about their accent (口音).
Users of Facebook already socialize in a number of different “Englishes” including Indian English, SpanishEnglish and Korean English. While these different styles have long existed within their cultures, they’re now
expanding and coming online. Technology companies are introducing newly-developed English words with
products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary. And most large
companies have English websites, while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common language —
English — to reach global customers.
The increasing popularity of the Internet allows more languages to develop quickly.
“Most people actually speak several languages—it’s less common to only speak one, ” says Mr Munro.
“English has taken its place as the world’s common language, but it’s not pushing out other languages. ” Instead,
other languages are pushing their way into English, and in the process creating something new.
4. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. English is a common language around the world.
B. There are now many different language styles.
C. English language is developing with the Internet.
D. Smaller businesses are learning a common language.
5. Which of the following is NOT true about online communication?
A. People need to spell exactly.
B. Grammar is not so important.
C. People do not care about their accent.
D. Most English-speakers are not native speakers.
6. What can we infer from the text?
A. We can only communicate online in English.
B. It’s impossible to find all the English words in the dictionary.
C. Some technology companies start to publish English dictionaries.
D. Smaller businesses are not allowed to have English websites.
7. What can we learn from what Mr Munro said?
A. The other languages are enriching English.
B. One can’t live well without speaking several languages.
C. English will become the only language in the world.
D. Chinese used to be the world’s common language.
C
When Faith Wanjiku graduated from the Technical University of Kenya last year, she immediately enrolled(注册) at the Confucius Institute in Kenyatta University. She wanted to learn Chinese, as she believed that it would
help her land a good job.
She has just completed the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) 3 exam. HSK is a test of Chinese language level for
non-native speakers, organized by the Confucius Institute Headquarters.
However, this level isn’t enough for Wanjiku, who plans to pass HSK 6. She wanted to increase her level of
Chinese and improve her spoken Chinese. And Wanjiku isn’t alone. The number of people taking the HSK reached
6. 8 million in 2018 and went up 4. 6 percent from a year earlier, the Ministry of Education said on May 31.
Chinese is becoming an increasingly popular choice of language to study around the world. Currently, middle
school students in Russia can take Chinese as an elective language test in the country’s national college entrance
exam, Sputnik News reported.
In May, Zambia became the fourth country in Africa—after Kenya, Uganda and South Africa—to introduce
Chinese language to its schools.
And many English-speaking countries have shown an interest in allowing their students to learn Chinese. The
US government announced the launch of “1 Million Strong” in 2015, a plan that aims to bring the total number of
learners of Chinese to l million by 2020.
Behind the growing popularity of Chinese language learning is the international community’s positive attitude
toward China’s future development, as well as the people’s longing to learn about Chinese civilization and culture.
Indeed, it’s as the former president of South Africa Nelson Mandela put it, “if you talk to a man in a language
he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own language, that goes to his heart. ”
8. What did Wanjiku do after graduating from university?
A. She went abroad.
B. She learned Chinese.
C. She found a job.
D. She travelled to China.
9. HSK is a test for .
A. non-native speakers
B. native speakers
C. middle school students
D. college students
10. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. Wanjiku has lots of friends.B. Lots of people want to pass HSK6 exam.
C. Wanjiku has passed HSK3 exam.
D. Many people want to live in China.
11. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Chinese Language Study Takes Off
B. Chinese Plays an Important Role in Economy
C. People Share the Experience of Learning Chinese
D. Different Opinions about the Function of Chinese
Ⅵ. 语法填空
A week ago, when I went down the stairs, my neighbor Ivy stood at her door. She asked me why I had
stopped 1. (visit) her family, as they had been waiting for me to come to play with them. I didn’t want
to tell her the fact because my dad and mom 2. (warn) me of the danger of going into a neighbor’s house.
3. (final), I decided to follow her into her house because my dad and mom were going on their
business at that time. I wanted to find out the “danger”
4. my own. There were four people in her family—Ivy, her mother, her husband, and her son 5.
was two years and a half 6. (young) than me. I played with her son all the afternoon and we kept
laughing and shouting. I was so happy that I even forgot 7. time. Ivy invited me
8. (have) dinner with them. I just couldn’t refuse her and we had another good time while having dinner.
I 9. (want) to tell my parents of the truth that I didn’t find the “danger” in our neighbor’s house.
Instead, what I really got were 10. (kind) and warmth from the whole family.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. Australians are justly proud of their native(当地的) wildlife.
2. They’ve spent nearly a billion (十亿) dollars on the research already.
3. What is the specific(确切的) aim of your working so hard?
4. Despite(尽管) the bad weather, she still worked in the field.
5. The main factor (因素) in deciding whether or not to do so is the size of your project.
6. Mandela has become a symbol (象征) of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa.
7. There are two mainly different political parties to play an important part in the state affairs (事务) in this
country.
8. The majority of us feel worried if we walk through a subway (地铁).9. Most of the apartments(公寓)in the high-rise building have heat in winter.
10. China has always insisted that all countries, big or small, should be equal(平等的).
Ⅱ. 1. This is an old building dating(date) back to the 14th century.
2. They joined us in the discussion on how to stop global (globe) warming.
3. Beijing is filled with people from varieties(variety) of parts of China.
4. I would appreciate it if you can recommend a pen pal to me.
5. He graduated from Taiwan University in 1952, majoring(major) in Foreign Language.
6. I wrote down the name and phone number of the hotel for future reference(refer).
7. My teacher demanded that the papers (should) be handed(hand) in in 40 minutes.
8. I think that your advice is of great importance for my English study.
9. Some friends suggest I watch movies based(base) on the books instead.
Ⅲ.1. What he said at the meeting didn’t refer to you.
2. Robots are playing an important role in industrial production.
3. We plan to put on a play named Alice in Wonderland, which is based on a movie of the same title.
4. Generally speaking, we will experience ups and downs before we succeed.
5. As far as I know, most of the Great Wall dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
6. Long-term stress(压力) can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses.
7. Breathing the fresh air, we three talked and laughed all the way.
8. This law relates to our daily life.
9. From my point of view, we should do some voluntary work in our free time.
Ⅳ. 1. This was a period when we Chinese went through a lot of sufferings.
2. The gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
3. I will never forget the scene where you risked(冒险) your life to save the injured.
4. Paul’s friend didn’t know the real reason for which he looked so sad today.
5. The picture always reminds me of the moments which/that we spent together in the high school.
6. They explained the way to us which/that can greatly reduce energy waste.
7. I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
8. Yesterday we visited the Baotu Spring for which Jinan is famous.
Ⅴ.
A
【文章大意】研究显示, 学习一门外语能够增强脑力, 增强人的学习能力, 这是因为学习外语改变了大脑的
灰质, 大脑灰质负责对信息的处理。研究还发现, 越早学习一门外语, 学习能力越强。1. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。由第二段可知, 根据英国一所大学的一项新研究, 学习第二语言可以提高
你的脑力。结合下文, 通过一些科学研究和科学家的实验都证明了这个观点。所以本文主要讨论的主题是
语言有助于增强脑力。故选C。
2. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段可知, 研究人员发现, 学习其他语言会改变大脑的灰质。这是大脑
中处理信息的区域, 这与锻炼肌肉的方式类似。作者认为语言学习对大脑的促进作用和锻炼对肌肉的促进
作用一样, 即只要学习一门语言就会促进大脑灰质发挥作用。由此推知, 在第二段中作者提到“exercise”是
为了让人们相信, 语言学习促进大脑灰质很好地发挥它的作用。故选D。
3. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由最后一段可知, 研究人员对以意大利语为母语, 在2岁至34岁之间将英
语作为第二语言的人进行了调查。他们对阅读、写作和理解都进行了测试。结果表明, 他们越早学习一门
语言, 对学习其他科目的效果就越好。所以通过研究结果可以判断出, 作者想告诉我们, 早些学习一门语言
对学习其他科目有很大帮助。故选B。
B
【文章大意】英语在网上应用频繁, 在这个过程中语言在改变, 专家预测10年内, 英语会在网上占主要地
位, 但形式会与现在的英语不同。
4. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。由第一段可知, 在网上, 英语成为世界范围内用户的普遍语言。在这个过
程中, 语言自己也在改变。现在有45亿网页。一些专家预测在10年内, 英语会占据网络, 但形式会与我们
现在接受和认为的英语不同。由此可以推断出文章谈论的是英语随着网络的发展。故选C。
5. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段可知, 逐渐地, 他们使用英语与非本地人交流, 尤其是在网上, 语
法、拼写和口音都不必太在意。由此可以看出: 网上交流时, 人们不需要拼写完全正确也可以。故在网上
交流时“人们需要准确拼写”与原文不符。故选A。
6.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段可知, 因为产品, 技术公司会介绍新发展的英语单词, 这是为了用
户能理解英语字典中没有的单词。所以, 不可能在字典中查到所有的单词。故选B。
7. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的“other languages are pushing their way into English, and in
the process creating something new. ”可知, 其他语言在进入英语, 在这个过程中创造了一些新的东西。也就
是说其他的语言与英语融合, 丰富了英语, 故选A。
C
【文章大意】Wanjiku毕业后想学汉语。HSK是由孔子学院总部组织的针对非母语人士的汉语水平测试。
汉语正成为世界各地越来越受欢迎的语言学习选择。
8. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中She wanted to learn Chinese, as she believed that it would help
her land a good job. “她想学汉语, 因为她相信这会帮助她找到一份好工作。”可知, 毕业后Wanjiku想学汉语。故选B。
9. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中HSK is a test of Chinese language level for non-native speakers,
organized by the Confucius Institute Headquarters. “HSK是由孔子学院总部组织的针对非母语人士的汉语水平
测试。”可知, 汉语水平考试是一项针对非母语人士的考试。故选A。
10.【解析】选B。句意猜测题。根据第三段中The number of people taking the HSK reached 6. 8 million in
2018 and went up 4. 6 percent from a year earlier, the Ministry of Education said on May 31. “教育部5月31日
表示, 2018年参加HSK考试的人数达到680万, 同比增长4. 6%。”由此推知, 画线句子的意思是“很多人
都想通过HSK6考试。”故选B。
11. 【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据第四段可知, 汉语正成为世界各地越来越受欢迎的语言学习选择。根
据俄罗斯卫星新闻报道, 目前, 俄罗斯的中学生可以在全国大学入学考试中选修汉语。由此可知, 汉语学习
正在腾飞。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】主要记叙了作者一周前不顾爸爸妈妈的警告, 进入了邻居Ivy的家里, 作者和她的儿子玩
了一下午, 一直有说有笑甚至忘了时间。最后与他们一起共进晚餐。作者想要告诉父母自己并没有在邻居
的房子里发现“危险”。相反, 真正得到的是来自整个家庭的温暖和善良。
1. 【解析】visiting。考查非谓语动词。根据短语stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。故填visiting。
2. 【解析】had warned。考查时态。句意: 因为我的爸爸妈妈之前警告过我去邻居家的危险。作者去邻居
家是过去时, 之前爸爸妈妈的警告应用过去完成时。故填had warned。
3. 【解析】Finally。考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词finally, 表示“最后”, 句首字母要大写。故
填Finally。
4. 【解析】on。考查介词。根据短语on one’s own表示“独自地”。故填on。
5. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词son, 且先行词在从句中作主语, 指人,
故用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
6. 【解析】younger。考查比较级。根据后文than me可知应用形容词比较级。故填younger。
7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 我很高兴, 甚至忘记了时间。此处time “时间”为特指, 应用定冠词
the。故填the。
8. 【解析】to have。考查非谓语动词。根据短语invite sb. to do sth. 表示“邀请某人做某事”, 后跟不定
式。故填to have。
9. 【解析】wanted。考查时态。句意: 我想要告诉爸爸妈妈的事实是并没有在邻居家的房子里发现“危
险”。作者想要告诉爸爸妈妈是过去发生的事且整篇时态为过去时。故填wanted。
10. 【解析】kindness。考查名词。根据后文and warmth可知应填名词kindness, 表示“善良”。故填kindness。
