文档内容
2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修二 Unit 4 Journey across a Vast Land
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than __________(anticipate).
2. (2020·浙江高考)Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears — like all wild
animals —should __________ (photograph) from a safe distance.
3. (2019·北京高考)Since he first started volunteering his car to the young people, Wilson has covered an
__________ (astonish)64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the
students he transports to and from school.
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Still, most of us volunteers __________ (breath) a sigh of relief when the season comes to a
close.
5. (2019·天津高考)Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script, or documentary __________ (highlight).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. __________________, smart phones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
正相反, 智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间而且还对我们的健康有害。
2. Seeing their favorite star come in, __________________
看到最喜欢的明星进来了, 这些忠实的粉丝立马从座位上站了起来。
3. __________________ his son had been caught cheating in the exams.
他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了, 这使他大为吃惊。
4. He __________________ his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.
他良好的发音归功于他的第一位英语老师。
5. __________________ today Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world.
毫无疑问, 汉语是当今世界上最重要的语言之一。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1. __________(dish) is seen
as especially troublesome. Many westerners
2. __________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3.
__________ can be to eat out. I still remember 4. __________
(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5. __________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once inall that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6. __________(become) common for many young people in recent years,
it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7. __________(afford)
but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8. _______ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have
found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9.
__________(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10.
_______ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the
effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
IV.阅读理解
A
Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life. A technology firm is trying
to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo. Artibo is small. Its brain, or AI block, is a
cube (立方体)that fits in your hand. That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels. Assembled, it’s
about four inches tall.
Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around. Artibo’s designers want it to provide
companionship and be a resource for learning coding. With its camera, microphone and connection to a cloud-based
AI, it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie(对讲机). It talks like a chatbot and can tell
bedtime stories. It can even help you learn other languages!
Artibo isn’t quite ready for stores yet, though. It’s part of a crowdfunding project. Crowdfunding is a program
where you put a request online to a crowd of people. Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you
finish a project. Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.
Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new. LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998. Since
then, programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line. Programming
robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a
smartphone and code blocks.
Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the
canvas ( 画 布 )of a computer screen. Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu link
them together, and watch how your robot responds. In Artibo’s case coding doesn’t stop there. Unlike other similar
programmable toys, Artibo will also allow you to write your own code. So as your familiarity with codingincreases, you won’t lose interest in Artibo.
1. According to the passage, the purpose of developing Artibo is______.
A. helping people learn anything they want and providing companionship
B. providing a robot that can move, accompany and help people learn coding
C. chatting with people, telling bedtime stories and supplying languages
D. helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots
2. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. Programming robots is not really complicated.
B. Programming robots is advanced like a rocket.
C. Programming robots can be used in smartphones.
D. Programming robots used in toys is not new at all.
3. The passage implies that______.
A. people can program various orders even without code blocks
B. anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toys
C. the more familiar you’re with coding, the more you’ll like Artibo
D. artibo is popular in the world especially among young people
B
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in
science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks(自由主义智囊团)whose interests and beliefs are
threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science.
After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and
space.
Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the
scientific method—develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually do.
Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t
always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the
theory it was designed to test is true.
If there is no identifiable scientific method then what is the guarantee for trust in science?
The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true
until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is
typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal,where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or
colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewers is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process
“peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right
and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been
fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science. ”
Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases
where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not
trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds”. While examples of truly settled science being
overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it
explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical(矛盾的): that science produces both novelty(新颖性)and
stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: transformative questioning leads to collective
decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but
this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
1. Distrust in science has been found because ______.
A. scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to some extent
B. most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of science
C. a wide-ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanks
D. someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science
2. Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?
A. A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science is changing.
B. A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists actually do.
C. A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.
D. True theories can produce false results because the scientific method doesn’t work.
3. What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?
A. The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.
B. The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.
C. The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.
D. The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A. not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturned
B. it is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxicalC. the beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable
D. science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds
V.七选五
Friends should always be honest with you, right? So when they lie, it can be really hard to take. You want to
trust your friends and that means knowing that they’ll tell it to you straight no matter what it is. 1 Why does
this happen?
2
One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feelings. Some people don’t understand
the difference between being gently honest with a friend and being so straightforward that they leave a verbal
wound. They choose to avoid these two extremes in the form of a lie.
They feel embarrassed.
Sometimes friends will lie about things in their life because they are too embarrassed to admit the truth.
Maybe they are going through a rough time and they just don’t want you to know about it. Avoid trying to badger (
纠 缠 ) your friends into telling you what’s wrong. 3
Avoid an argument with you.
Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth, you’ll get angry with them. Make sure that if a friend
tells you something unpleasant, you don’t overact. 4 If you do end up arguing, do it in a respectable way.
Exclude you.
Lying isn’t always a sign that friends are trying to protect you, however. 5 When you find out with
certainty that your friend is lying to you, try and face it. If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesn’t
want to be around you, that’s your wake-up to move on.
A. Protect your feelings.
B. They want to be your closer friends.
C. But a friend who lies isn’t always trying to hurt you.
D. Consider what’s being said and why your friend is telling you this.
E. Being honest and making a sincere effort can keep the friendship strong.
F. Sometimes they lie because they don’t want you to be included in their plans.
G. Instead, make it clear that you are there for them when and if they are ready to talk.
VI.完形填空
Have you ever traveled around by bike? This spring my older brother and I 1 the busy city and spent a
long weekend cycling in the countryside. Our speed was only around 14 kph, but we didn’t 2 . We hadn’tcome to break any speed records, after all. All we wanted were some 3 air and a break from schoolwork.
We really 4 ourselves while cycling along traffic-free country paths. There was plenty of sunshine, but
it was quite cold, 5 in the mornings. The good news was that soon we 6 as we rode along. Our only
7 was when my brakes started making a terrible noise. But I didn’t care as it gave us an 8 to visit a café
while a bike mechanic (机修工) had a look at it.
Every few kilometres there was a 9 where we could talk with local people. One of the women was very
10 and showed us the way when we got lost. On Saturday night we were 11 at 2 a. m. by some young
people. They kept singing loudly in the next room, which made us sleepless all night. We felt very 1 2 when
we got up the next morning. Soon we 1 3 . We were more cheerful on the way when the sun came out. Luckily,
things like that happened only once. Anyway I still like traveling around by bike — it’s 14 and it’s fun. If
you’re looking for a short break that’s active and cheap, then cycling is a great 1 5 !
1. A. left B. visited C. found D. reached
2. A. regret B. mind C. fail D. realize
3. A. fresh B. thin C. cool D. dry
4. A. hurt B. hated C. changed D. enjoyed
5. A. probably B. especially
C. specially D. immediately
6. A. came back B. gave up
C. warmed up D. calmed down
7. A. wish B. problem C. decision D. memory
8. A. order B. opinion
C. excuse D. explanation
9. A. city B. lake C. school D. village
10. A. friendly B. honest
C. stupid D. nervous
11. A. saved B. paid C. woken D. greeted
12. A. shy B. busy C. bored D. tired
13. A. set off B. called back
C. settled down D. broke down
14. A. true B. simple
C. difficult D. dangerous15. A. goal B. dream C. result D. choice
参考答案
Ⅰ.1. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated(anticipate).
2. Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears — like all wild animals —should be
photographed (photograph) from a safe distance.
3. Since he first started volunteering his car to the young people, Wilson has covered an astonishing (astonish)64,
000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and
from school.
4.Still, most of us volunteers breathe (breath) a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
5.Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script, or documentary highlights (highlight).
Ⅱ.1. On the contrary, smart phones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
2. Seeing their favorite star come in, the devoted fans arose from their seats immediately.
3. What astonished him was that his son had been caught cheating in the exams.
4. He owed it to his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.
5. There is no doubt that today Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world.
Ⅲ. 【文章大意】因为做饭麻烦, 所以很多人到饭馆吃饭, 但经常这样不仅浪费钱, 还容易发胖, 导致健康
问题。
1. dishes。考查名词复数。此处用名词复数泛指中国菜。
2. who/that。考查定语从句。先行词指人, 故用who/that 引导定语从句, 并在从句中作主语。
3. it。考查代词。it作形式主语, 不定式to eat out为真正的主语。
4. visiting。考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”, 为固定搭配。
5. was shocked。考查时态和语态。此处动作与后面的when I learnt. . . 发生时间一致, 应为过去时; I 和
shock之间为被动关系, 指“我”感到震惊, 故此处为过去时的被动语态。
6. have become。考查时态。根据后面的时间状语in recent years可知, 此处应该用现在完成时。
7. affordable。考查词性转换。根据语境可知此处作表语, 所以要用形容词形式。
8. higher。考查形容词比较级。根据even可判断, 此处要用形容词的比较级, 表示付出比钱更高的代价。
9. weight。考查词性转换。表示体重方面的问题, 要用名词作定语。
10. for。考查介词。此处go to. . . for. . . 构成搭配, 表示目的。
IV.
A1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move
around. Artibo’s designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding. 阿蒂博不仅仅
是一个你可以随意移动的机器人。阿蒂博的设计者希望它能提供陪伴, 并成为学习编程的资源。可知阿蒂
博机器人不仅能移动, 也能提供陪伴, 帮助学习编程。故选B项。
2.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science,
but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks. 编程机器人可能
听起来像火箭科学, 但任何人都可以用平板电脑或智能手机和代码块为机器人编程。可知, 编程机器人真
的并不复杂。故选A项。
3.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Unlike other similar programmable toys, Artibo will also allow
you to write your own code. So as your familiarity with coding increases, you won’t lose interest in Artibo. 与其他
类似的可编程玩具不同, 阿蒂博还允许你编写自己的代码。因此, 随着你对编码的熟悉程度的增加, 你不会
对阿蒂博失去兴趣。可知, 你对编码越熟悉, 就越喜欢阿蒂博。故选C项。
B
1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知, 几十年来, 有一个广泛的、有组织的运动, 目的是
产生对科学的不信任, 由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助, 他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威
胁。由此可知, 人们发现对科学的不信任是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁, 故D项正
确。
2.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Science is active so that new methods get invented and old
ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work. ”科学是活跃的, 新方法被发明, 旧方法被抛弃,
所以科学的方法并不总是有效的。可知, 作者可能会同意“科学方法不一定有效, 因为科学正在发生变
化”这一说法, 故A项正确。
3.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后两句“我们称这个过程为同行评审, 因为评审人员
是科学上的同行, 但是他们扮演着上级的角色, 有权利也有义务找出错误, 只有在审稿人和编辑满意之后,
任何问题都得到了解决, 论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域。”可知, 在评估一项科学声明时, 同行评审
的主要目的是说明这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的, 故C项正确。
4.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While examples of truly settled science being overturned
are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. ”虽然真正解决的科学被推翻的例子比有时声称的要少
得多, 但它们确实存在。可知, 并非所有关于公认科学的谬误的说法都会导致它被推翻, 故A项正确。
V.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了朋友对你说谎的四种原因并给出了对应的处理办法。
1. 【解析】选C。根据后文Why does this happen? 为什么会这样? 结合后文分析了朋友对你撒谎的原因可知, 说谎的朋友并不总是试图伤害你。故选C。
2. 【解析】选 A。根据本段第一句 One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your
feelings. 句意: 朋友说谎的最大原因之一就是避免伤害你的感情。由此可知, 本段说明了朋友撒谎是为了保
护你的感受。故选A。
3. 【解析】选G。根据上文Avoid trying to badger your friends into telling you what’s wrong. 句意: 不要纠缠
你的朋友, 让他们告诉你出了什么事。由此可知, 朋友对你撒谎是因为自己正在经历艰难的时期, 因此最好
的做法是不要纠缠你的朋友, 而是在他们准备好跟你谈心的时候, 清楚地告诉他们你在他们身边陪伴他们。
故选G。
4. 【解析】选D。结合上文Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth, you’ll get angry with them.
Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant, you don’t overact. 句意: 也许你的朋友知道如果他们
告诉你真相, 你会生他们的气。确保如果朋友告诉你一些不愉快的事情, 你不要反应过度。由此可知, 朋友
对你撒谎可能是为了避免和你发生争执, 避免让你生气, 所以在朋友告诉你真相的时候, 你应该冷静想想他
们说了什么, 以及为什么要跟你说这些。故选D。
5. 【解析】选F。根据上文Lying isn’t always a sign that friends are trying to protect you, however. 句意: 然而,
撒谎并不总是朋友试图保护你的信号。以及最后一句If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesn’t
want to be around you, that’s your wake-up to move on. 句意: 如果你觉得你的朋友在说谎, 因为他或她不想和
你在一起, 那是你继续前进的警钟。可知, 有时候朋友们对你撒谎仅仅是因为他们不想跟你在一起, 不想让
你加入他们的计划。故选F。
VI.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和哥哥在周末骑自行车去乡下游玩的经历。
1.【解析】选A。由该空后的“spent a long weekend cycling in the countryside”可知, 哥哥和“我”“离开
(left)”繁忙的城市去了乡下。
2.【解析】选B。由该空后的“We hadn’t come to break any speed records”可知, 我们的车速只有14千米每
小时, 但是我们并不“介意(mind)”。
3.【解析】选A。从城市来到乡下应该是想呼吸一下“新鲜的(fresh)”空气。
4.【解析】选D。由该空后的“cycling along traffic-free country paths”可知, 在没有汽车的乡间小路上, 我们
无忧无虑地骑着自行车, 十分享受。enjoy oneself“过得愉快”。
5.【解析】选B。 “特别(especially)”是早上非常冷。
6.【解析】选C。由上文的“it was quite cold”和“The good news”可知, 我们骑了一会儿自行车感觉“暖和
多了(warmed up)”。
7.【解析】选B。由该空后的“my brakes started making a terrible noise”可知, 这里是说“问题(problem)”。8.【解析】选C。由该空后的“visit a café while a bike mechanic had a look at it”可知, 趁着机修工帮我们修
自行车, 我们就有“借口(excuse)”去咖啡馆逛一逛了。
9.【解析】选D。由上文的“the countryside”和该空格后的“we could talk with local people”可知, 这里是说
每隔几千米就有一个“村庄(village)”。
10.【解析】选A。由该空后的“showed us the way when we got lost”可知, 这位妇女非常“友好(friendly)”。
11.【解析】选C。由下文的“They kept singing loudly in the next room”可知, 我们被隔壁的一些年轻人“吵
醒(woken)”了。
12.【解析】选D。一晚上没有休息好, 所以早上起来后应该感觉很“累(tired)”。
13.【解析】选A。由该空格后的“We were more cheerful on the way”可知, 很快我们就“出发(set off)”了。
14.【解析】选B。骑着自行车游玩既“简单(simple)”又快乐。
15.【解析】选D。总览全文可知, 作者认为骑自行车游玩是一个很好的“选择(choice)”。
