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2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The most __________(frequent) shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.
2. (2018· 江 苏 高 考 )The __________ (sustain) success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without
fundamental changes to the industry.
3. (2018·天津高考) On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now __________ (restrict) to dry ingredients,
because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
4. (2018· 江 苏 高 考 )We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland
__________(conserve), as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a
diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 如果我是她的员工, 我真的不能忍受每天被她责骂。
____________________, I really wouldn’t tolerate being scolded by her every day.
2. 研究表明女性要比男性有更敏锐的嗅觉并且对情感更敏感。
The study shows that women ____________________ than men and are also ____________________.
3. 现今, 在中国每一个人都有责任构建和谐社会。
Nowadays everyone is ____________________.
4. 在我看来, 一个人只有勇敢地面对困难并且抓住机会才能成功。
In my opinion, ____________________ can one succeed.
5. 就我个人而言, 讨论焦虑的来源是释放压力的一个好办法。
____________________, talking about source of anxiety is a great way to release stress.Ⅲ. 语法填空
In ancient China lived an artist 1. _______ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made
him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and
present their 2. _____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3. _______
(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old
man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4. _________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.5. ______
he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and
6. __________(point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7. ______ (find) the well-
known painter. As the small boat moved 8. __________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of
blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9. __________(surround) the mountain
tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10. __________ earth,
Mother Nature.
IV.阅读理解
A
Before the end of the year, employees at Ubiquitous Energy, a company in Redwood City, Calif, will gather
in a window-lined conference room to stare toward the future. That’s because their new glass windows will offer
more than an amazing view of the North California landscape. They will also be able to power the company’s
lights, computers and air conditioners.
Several years in the making, Ubiquitous’ energy-producing glass is a remarkable technological achievement.
Its power lies in the layers of organic polymers (聚合物) between sheets of glass. As light enters the window, the
flow of electrons between the polymer layers creates an electric current, which is then collected by tiny wires in
the glass.
“It’s sort of like a transparent computer display run in reverse (反过来), ” says Veeral Hardev, director of
business development at Ubiquitous Energy. “Instead of electricity being shuttled to different points in a display tolight them up, light is producing electricity to be shuttled out of different points in the window. ”
Right now the windows produce about a third as much electricity from a given amount of sunlight as the
typical solar cells used in roof panels (板). These windows, about half as transparent as ordinary glass, don’t work
as well as transparent ones. Hardev says the company is likely to improve the transparency significantly. As for the
lower output of electricity, he notes that windows can cover a much greater surface area than a roof, so numerous
windows will produce a surprisingly larger amount of electricity than the production from a rooftop full of higher-
efficiency solar panels. “You could do both. ” says Hardev. “But you’ll get more from the windows. The biggest
challenge, ” he adds, “is increasing the windows from less than two square feet currently to about 50 square feet.
”
1. What makes the new glass windows special?
A. They can offer an amazing view.
B. They are controlled by computers.
C. They can power the conference room.
D. They can help stare toward the future.
2. What is Hardev trying to explain in Paragraph 3?
A. The source of light.
B. The significance of different points.
C. The similarity of computer and glass.
D. The working principle of energy-producing glass.
3. What can affect power production according to the passage?
A. The transparency of the glass.
B. The quality of the rooftop.
C. The height of the solar panels.
D. The thickness of the glass.4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Windows: A New Challenge of Technology
B. Windows: No Longer Just for Letting in the Light
C. Power: A Pressing Problem in the Near Future
D. Power: Not Enough from Rooftop Solar Panels
B
Last year saw one of the poorest salmon returns on record in North America. Yet, we are eating more fish than
ever before. Aquaculture (水产养殖) production has tripled in the last two decades to meet this need, and another
historic move was made by the FDA earlier this year, when a company received the first ever nod to sell a
genetically modified salmon, a bioengineered version of the Atlantic salmon.
US-based AquaBounty, the firm which received the go-ahead, said it would begin stocking fish in
supermarkets “as soon as possible”. The first commercial harvest is expected at the end of 2020. At the moment,
Argentina, Brazil and China have also granted environmental approvals for genetically modified fish farming
trials.
This genetically modified salmon is actually a fish injected with the DNA of two other edible fish. The long
road to the current version of the GM fish began in the 1980s when a physiologist named Garth Fletcher read about
the work being done to genetically modify mice and wondered whether it could apply to salmon. He understood
that the fish’s growth hormones are most active in some seasons and considered changing this so that the hormones
are always active. Cut to 2019, Fletcher’s GM fish is able to reach adult size in 16 to 18 months, compared with
30 months for natural Atlantic salmon, while consuming 25% less feed.
In the United States, Atlantic salmon is endangered, so catching it is heavily restricted. It is currently
imported from Chile, Norway and Canada. If the production and sales of AquaBounty go as planned, this will all
change. And simultaneously, the company claims that farming the fish in their land-based hatcheries will lower the
transportation cost as well as emissions associated with importing the fish as is currently done.
This has not all been without stiff opposition, and protestors who have sent nearly 2 million comments to the
FDA have had issues on three main fronts. Health risks, being the main one, as it has been with several othergenetically modified foods in the past. The environmental group Earth Action says no one can predict what will
happen when people start eating the fish over time.
5. What can we learn about AquaBounty?
A. It is a firm located in Argentina.
B. It performs research into GM fish.
C. It deals with the production and sales of fish.
D. It is the only firm allowed to produce GM fish.
6. One of the advantages of the GM salmon is that ______.
A. it has proved to have no health risks
B. it costs 25% less than imported salmon
C. it can meet people’s ever increasing need
D. it grows faster than natural Atlantic salmon
7. Protestors against GM salmon worry that ______.
A. fish markets will be seriously disturbed
B. GM food has potential health problems
C. GM salmon may not be up to the standard
D. the environmental group Earth Action will not be satisfied
8. The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph probably refers to ______.
A. the nod to sell a GM salmon
B. the lower cost of GM salmon
C. the prediction about what will happen
D. the import of salmon from Chile, Norway and CanadaV.七选五
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?
”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 1
Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
2 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should
you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So, slow down and think
what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable. You
must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become
one because your eyesight is not good enough.
5 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot
overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your
goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
VI.完形填空
A trip to a bank’s ATM machine is usually a common affair. But for Jose Nunez Romaniz, his 1 on
Sunday is one that he won’t 2 for the rest of his life.
The 19-year-old college student was making a 3 for Mother’s Day online when he noticed his account
balance(存款余额)was 4 . So he drove to the nearest bank to deposit money. Little did he know that he was
about to make an incredible 5 .
When he arrived, Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled with cash, which turned out to be $135, 000.
“When I first saw it, I was very 6 , not knowing what to do, ”Jose told the New York Times. After taking a
moment to 7 himself, Jose called the police. And the police soon discovered that the money had
8 been left behind by a worker 9 with refilling the ATM.
Thinking that it is the biggest amount of money ever found and 10 in Albuquerque history, the mayor
and the police chief held a ceremony to honor Jose’s 11 . And, perhaps best of all, the police chief invited
Jose to 12 a job as a public service aid for the department 13 his graduation. For Jose, it was the best
gift for Mother’s Day. “Mother called me 1 4 she almost started crying excitedly. . . She told me I did the right
thing and that she was 1 5 of what I did, ” said Jose.
1. A. plan B. experiment C. visit D. show
2. A. enjoy B. forget C. imagine D. face
3. A. purchase B. survey C. wish D. decision
4. A. full B. clear C. inaccurate D. low
5. A. offer B. promise C. profit D. discovery
6. A. shocked B. amused C. excited D. satisfied
7. A. teach B. disturb C. collect D. challenge
8. A. carefully B. accidentally C. deliberately D. nervously9. A. continued B. charged C. armed D. tasked
10. A. returned B. saved C. lost D. exchanged
11. A. confidence B. honesty C. bravery D. appreciation
12. A. hold up B. adapt to C. wait for D. apply for
13. A. although B. before C. after D. until
14. A. or B. and C. so D. but
15. A. proud B. considerate C. worthy D. sure
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. The most frequently(frequent) shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.
2. The sustainable (sustain) success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the
industry.
3. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted (restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and
milk products may easily go bad.
4. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation (conserve), as we
push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next
generation of farmers from all backgrounds.
Ⅱ.1. If I were her staff, I really wouldn’t tolerate being scolded by her every day.
2. The study shows that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotions.
3. Nowadays everyone is responsible for building up a harmonious society in China.
4.In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing opportunities can one succeed.
5. As far as I’m concerned, talking about source of anxiety is a great way to release stress.
Ⅲ. 【文章大意】在古代的中国, 有一个自认为画技超群的画家, 认为自己的作品一定会被皇帝看中, 最后他才发现, 还有比自己技艺更高的存在——大自然。从中我们也应该知道, 做人应该谦虚, 虚心向他人学习。
1. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句子, 缺少连接词, 根据后面的paintings可知,
我们需要填进去的词应该和paintings构成所属关系, 填whose。
2. 【解析】finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修饰的是work, 根据后文中the best可知应填fine的最
高级finest。
3. 【解析】be chosen。考查语态。根据文章意思, 此处应该是被动语态, 而且前面有情态动词would其后
应用动词原形, 填be chosen。
4. 【解析】curiosity。考查名词。空格处是with的宾语, 要用名词形式, curious的名词形式是curiosity。
5. 【解析】When/As。考查状语从句。这是一个主从复合句, 逗号前面是时间状语从句, 句子大概意思是:
当他问村民的时候, 他们指向江边, 应该用When或As引导。
6. 【解析】pointed。考查复合句。and连接两个谓语动词, 空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致,
填pointed。
7. 【解析】to find。考查非谓语动词。set out开始, 着手, 出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为, 应填to do不
定式, 即to find。
8. 【解析】gently。考查副词, 空格处修饰的是前面的动词moved, 应用副词gently。
9. 【解析】surrounding。考查复合句, 同第6题, 根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列, 与rising一致,
即surrounding。
10. 【解析】on。考查介词, 根据后文earth及语义搭配, 填on。
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文介绍了一家公司研制出了与众不同的可以发电的新的玻璃窗。
1.【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的 They will also be able to power the company’s lights,
computers and air conditioners. 可知, 它们还能够为公司的灯, 计算机和空调供电。由此可知, 新的玻璃窗与
众不同的是它们可以为会议室供电。2.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, “这有点像一台反向运行的透明电脑显示器, ”Ubiquitous
Energy的业务开发主管维洛拉•哈德夫表示。他说: “不是把电传送到显示器的不同点来点亮它们, 而是把产
生的电从窗口的不同点传送出去。”由此可知, 哈德夫在第三段中想要解释的是产生电能的新玻璃窗的工
作原理。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的These windows, about half as transparent as ordinary glass,
don’t work as well as transparent ones. Hardev says the company is likely to improve the transparency significantly.
可知, 这些窗户的透明度只有普通玻璃的一半, 不如透明玻璃那么好用。哈德夫说, 公司可能会大幅提高透
明度。由此可知, 玻璃的透明度会影响发电量。
4.【解析】选B。标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知, Ubiquitous Energy公司研发出的新玻璃窗不仅
可以让光线进入屋内, 它们还可以为公司的灯, 计算机和空调供电。因此B项Windows: No Longer Just for
Letting in the Light(窗户: 不再只是为了让光线进来)符合文章内容, 可以作为最佳标题。
B
【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了生产和销售转基因鱼的公司状况以及人们对转基因鱼的看法。
5.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的If the production and sales of AquaBounty go as planned,
this will all change. (如果AquaBounty的生产和销售按计划进行, 这一切都会改变)可知, AquaBounty是一家
生产和销售转基因鱼的公司。C. It deals with the production and sales of fish. (它处理鱼的生产和销售)符合以
上说法。
6.【解析】选D 。细节理解题。根据第三段的Cut to 2019, Fletcher’s GM fish is able to reach adult size in 16
to 18 months, compared with 30 months for natural Atlantic salmon, while consuming 25% less feed. (2019 年,
弗莱彻的转基因鱼可以在16—18个月内长到成年大小, 而天然大西洋鲑鱼则需要30个月, 同时消耗的饲料
也少了 25%)可知, 转基因鱼的一个优势是比大西洋鲑鱼长得快。D. it grows faster than natural Atlantic
salmon(它比大西洋鲑鱼长得快)符合以上说法。
7.【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Health risks, being the main one, as it has been with several
other genetically modified foods in the past. (健康风险是主要原因, 就像过去其他几种转基因食品一样)可知,
抗议者们担心转基因食品存在健康风险。B. GM food has potential health problems(转基因食品有潜在的健康
问题)符合以上说法。8.【解析】选 A。词义猜测题。根据第一段的 a company received the first ever nod to sell a genetically
modified salmon(一个公司首次得到销售转基因鲑鱼的许可)和画线部分所在句子This has not all been without
stiff opposition(这并非没有强烈的反对意见)可推测, this指代是“同意销售转基因鲑鱼”。 A. the nod to sell
a GM salmon(同意销售转基因鲑鱼)符合以上说法。
V.【文章大意】作者通过文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一硬币的两面, 一定要好好把握。
1. 【解析】选G。根据前面的句子“动机和目标的设置是一个问题的两个方面”, 和前面的实例: 跳水板
上的孩子由于缺少动机不能决定跳还是不跳。可知中间的句子会提到没有了动机会出现的结果。
2. 【解析】选B。根据More than that以及后面的问句“你应该如何保持动力来实现目标”可推知前面应该
是一个关于如何让你有动力这样的问题。
3. 【解析】选A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工作上”以及So后提出的解决方法, 可推知中间应该提到前
面问题带来的不好的影响这样的内容。
4. 【解析】选E。根据前面的句子“记住: 目标是灵活的”可知它们是可以根据情况变化的。
5. 【解析】选C。前面提到“由于视力不好, 原来的当飞行员的目标实现不了”这样的令人沮丧的情况,
后面又提到重新评估你的目标, 可推知中间一句应该提到前面的情况不应该影响你。
VI.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。一名19岁的大学生Jose Nunez Romaniz准备在银行存款时, 无意中发
现了一个装着很多现金的塑料袋, 但他没有据为己有而是给警察打了电话。
1.【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 但对于Jose Nunez Romaniz来说, 周日的银行之行是他永生难
忘的经历。 plan计划; experiment试验; visit拜访, 逗留; show展示。根据前文A trip to a bank’s. . . 可知, 此
处指的是Jose周日的银行之行。
2.【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但对于Jose Nunez Romaniz来说, 周日的银行之行是他永生难
忘的经历。enjoy欣赏; forget忘记; imagine想象; face面对。根据后文Jose存款时的经历可知, Jose在存钱
时意外捡到了一大笔钱, 所以这成了他永远都不会忘记的经历。
3.【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物, 这时他注意到自
己的账户余额不足。purchase购买; survey调查表; wish希望; decision决定。根据后文for Mother’s Day
online可知Jose当时准备给妈妈买母亲节礼物。make a purchase表示“购物”。4.【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物, 这时他注意到
自己的账户余额不足。full完全的; clear清楚的; inaccurate不准确的; low低的。根据后文So he drove to
the nearest bank to deposit money. 可知Jose因为账户余额不足, 买不了礼物, 所以才去存钱的。
5.【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他毫不知道他即将有一个惊人的发现。offer提议; promise承
诺; profit利润; discovery发现。根据下一段中When he arrived, Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled
with cash可知Jose后来在银行捡到了一大笔钱, 所以此处指他即将有一个惊人发现, Jose之前毫不知情。
6.【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: “当我第一次看到它时, 我非常震惊, 不知道该怎么办, ” Jose
告诉《纽约时报》。shocked 震惊的; amused 有趣的; excited 激动的; satisfied 满意的。根据后文 not
knowing what to do可知, Jose看到这么多钱后感到很吃惊。
7.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: Jose冷静了一会儿后, 报了警。 teach教学; disturb干扰;
collect收集, 使(自己)镇定; challenge向……挑战。根据后文Jose called the police可知, 过了一会儿后, Jose
平静了下来。collect在此意为“使(自己)镇定; 使(思想)集中”。
8.【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 警方很快发现, 这些钱是一名负责给自动取款机装现金的工作
人员不小心落下的。 carefully仔细地; accidentally一不小心, 意外地; deliberately故意地; nervously紧张地。
根据前后文内容可知, 这么一大笔钱应该是一位工作人员不小心遗失在那里的。
9.【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 警方很快发现, 这些钱是一名负责给自动取款机装现金的工作
人员不小心落下的。continued继续; charged充电; armed武装; tasked委派任务。结合后文with refilling the
ATM可知这位工作人员是被派去给自动取款机装现金的时候, 不小心落下了这笔钱。
10.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 市长和警察局长认为这是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最
大数额的一笔钱, 因此举行了一个仪式来表彰Jose的诚实。returned归还, 返回; saved拯救; lost失去;
exchanged交换。结合上文可知Jose发现了这笔钱, 然后报了警, 归还了银行, 所以是阿尔伯克基历史上发
现和归还的最大数额的一笔钱。
11.【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 市长和警察局长认为这是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最
大数额的一笔钱, 因此举行了一个仪式来表彰Jose的诚实。confidence自信; honesty诚实; bravery勇敢;
appreciation欣赏。根据上文内容可知Jose拾金不昧, 所以应当是表扬他的诚实(honesty)。其他选项不符合
语境。12.【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 也许最重要的是, 警察局长邀请Jose在他毕业后申请一份公
共服务助理的工作。hold up举起; adapt to适应; wait for等待; apply for申请。根据后文a job as a public
service aid可知是指申请一份公共服务助理的工作。
13.【解析】选C。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 也许最重要的是, 警察局长邀请Jose在他毕业后申请一份公
共服务助理的工作。although虽然; before在……之前; after在……之后; until直到。根据前文19-year-old
college student可知, 此处应指在Jose大学毕业后。
14.【解析】选B。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 妈妈打电话给我, 她高兴得几乎哭了起来……or或者; and
并且; so因此; but但是。根据空格前后内容可知, 两者表示顺承关系, 应用连词and。
15.【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 她告诉我我做了正确的事情, 她为我所做的感到骄傲。
proud骄傲的, 自豪的; considerate体贴的; worthy值得的; sure确信的。根据上文内容可知, Jose拾金不昧,
所以妈妈在电话里告诉Jose说他做得对, 她为他感到骄傲。短语be proud of “为……感到骄傲”。
