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2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 基础知识强化练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. His music deserved __________(preserve) in the family.
2.Melissa, his daughter, felt __________ more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep
each night when she was young.
3.I know you once __________(participate) in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have
accumulated much experience in it.
4. The implication of these results is that __________ (gain) the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be
wise to skip eating first.
5. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to __________ (live)at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East
Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. China is the birthplace of kites, ______________________ Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡, 从那里放风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
2. Teachers should encourage students ______________________, which can help develop their spirit of
teamwork.
老师应该鼓励学生参加各种各样的活动, 这能帮助培养他们的团队精神。(participate)
3. Li Hua is worried that he ______________________ British food.
李华担心他在适应英国的食物上有些困难。(adjust)
4. ______________________ for me to invite you to join us in the competition.
我很荣幸邀请你和我们一起参加比赛。(it作形式主语; privilege)
5. ______________________
不是这个故事本身而是这个故事反映的事情很重要。(not. . . but. . . ; 强调句)
Ⅲ. 语法填空
1
On our way to the house, it was raining 1. hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would
take 2. (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained bytheir masters 4. had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their
experiences and 5. (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat
papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6.
(compete)to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7. (tradition)stories
about Hawaii that were 8. (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9.
(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10. (listen)to
musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2
A hutong is an ancient city street typically in Beijing. 1. (surround) the Forbidden City, many were
built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing 2. (dynasty). In order to establish the strongest power, emperors
planned the city and arranged the residential areas. 3. ________center of the city Beijing was the royal palace—the
Forbidden City.
At the end of the Qing dynasty, after 4. (close) China came under the influence from abroad, many
old hutongs lost 5. ________(they) former neat arrangement.
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, hutongs’ conditions 6. ________(improve). But
in recent years, the houses in many hutongs have been pulled 7. ________ and replaced by modern buildings.
And the hutong today is fading into the shade for 8. ________ tourists and local people.
However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one 9. ________ (three) of the
total area, providing housing for half population, so many hutongs 10. ________(survive). In this respect, we see
Beijing as an ancient yet modern city.
IV. 阅读理解
A
“Students at Powderhouse Studios won’t have the typical American high school experience—and that’s
exactly the point of the new school, ”its founders say.
The high school, set to open in a repurposed former school building in Somerville, Mass. , won’t have grade
levels or traditional classes. Instead, students will complete interdisciplinary (跨学科的) projects that tap into their
interests and ambitions. They’ll divide their days between seminars and project-based work, meeting with the
education staff for guidance regularly. Students at Powderhouse will work with tutors instead of conventional
teachers to learn math, science and the humanities—all of which will inform their projects. Classrooms, lecturesand lesson plans—the things traditional schools are built on—won’t be a big part of daily life at Powderhouse.
In short, Powderhouse will look more like a workplace than a high school.
Alec Resnick, one of the school’s founders, said Powderhouse will make learning personal for students by
helping them identify meaningful project-based work early on.
Resnick said that demanding and interesting work is often the thing that’s missing for students who feel
uninvolved in a traditional high-school setting.
“Motivation is missing, ”he said. “The way you fix that is to get people doing hard work, not easier or more
fun work. ”
Monica Martinez, an expert in school development, describes a future for American high schools that looks a
lot like Powderhouse, with more fluid (易变的) schedules and personalized learning opportunities—and finally,
with more flexibility for students.
“Most of all, students will progress at the rate at which they show mastery of academic content, regardless of
time, ”Martinez said.
Powderhouse will open in 2018 as part of Somerville Public Schools. The idea of reinventing high school
appealed greatly to Somerville Mayor Joseph Curtatone, who asked Resnick and his team at Sprout & Co. to design
a high school based on the non-profit’s popular after-school programs.
Powderhouse’s founders say they hope educators will learn from nontraditional schools like theirs. “We’re
pretty confident that the future of learning doesn’t look like school, ”Resnick said.
1. Which of the following is a feature of Powderhouse Studios?
A. It will offer interdisciplinary projects to the public.
B. Students will earn money from the school.
C. There will be no traditional teachers.
D. It will have no real instruction sites.
2. How will Powderhouse Studios involve its students in project-based work?
A. By letting them work in real workplaces.
B. By providing challenging work for them.
C. By encouraging them to complete simpler work.
D. By asking them to improve traditional education.
3. What do we know about Powderhouse from Martinez?
A. It will try to adapt itself to students’ needs.
B. It will stress the importance of motivation.C. Its courses will be designed by students.
D. Its schedules will be strictly followed.
4. What is Resnick’s opinion about high schools in the future?
A. They should be more like the real world.
B. They will change according to the times.
C. They must be based on traditional education.
D. They may be more relaxing for most students.
B
At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units (3. 4 gallons) of blood
afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating
blood as regularly as he could.
More than 60 years and almost 1, 200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody(抗体)
that has saved the lives of 2. 4 million babies from miscarriages (流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11.
Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive
antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it, ” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told
the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it. ”
Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. He’s made 1, 162
donations from his right arm and 10 from his left.
“I’d keep going if they let me, ” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations—
and they certainly don’t take them lightly. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him,
and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health. He made his final donation surrounded by some of the
mothers and babies who his blood helped save.
Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the
program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t
mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of
antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.
5. What do we know about James Harrison?
A. He saved 2. 4 million poor people.
B. He is to retire as a blood donor.C. He is a very grateful blood donor.
D. He donates blood nearly every day.
6. What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 4?
A. To state Harrison’s decision to continue donating blood.
B. To describe how Harrison’s donations come to an end.
C. To introduce some babies saved by Harrison’s blood.
D. To praise Harrison for his cooperation with the doctors.
7. What can we infer from the passage about Harrison?
A. After his retirement, the Rh program will fail.
B. New donors are easy to find in a short time.
C. He continues to contribute to the Rh program.
D. His DNA is kept in a library for future study.
8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. A Unique Man with a Rare Blood Type
B. The Blood Saving Millions of Babies
C. A Special Blood producer
D. The Man with the Golden Arm
V. 完形填空
I learned my first lesson at a meeting. As we sat around the table I heard Meg, who was 1 a recent
operation, talking to Judith, the manager of our project. “Thank you so much for 2 my daughters to their
dance lessons last week. ” Judith said, “It was nothing. ”
Knowing how tight Judith’s schedule was, I found her driving Meg’s children to lessons unbelievably 3
. I was about to say more about this when Donna, another colleague, entered the room 4 . She apologized
for being late, saying she just hosted a lunch for her friends who were over seventy. “That is so nice of you, ” I
said, knowing how busy she was, how she didn’t like to cook and clean. “Oh, ” she said, waving her hand, “It
was nothing. ” 5 , I could still tell the 6 in her voice. She did gain a sense of satisfaction from the
entertainment offered to her friends.
Seeing their 7 to help others selflessly, I started thinking about the concept of “nothing”, this peaceful
and generous way of living—had it really been nothing or were they simply saying that? It 8 to me that once
I spent a whole afternoon after work helping a friend 9 a speech. I recommended her to rearrange the sequence
of the stories in the lecture to make it sound more 10 . After the fifth try, she finally 11 it. She huggedme with gratitude, saying thanks to me. I smiled and said it was nothing.
Suddenly, I realized that helping someone was really something to me. I learned that giving from the heart
doesn’t 1 2 mean sacrifice and hard work. The 1 3 is finding something we love to do and finding someone
who needs that something. Our generosity can benefit others 14 ourselves. Once you have a good 15 of
it, it’s nothing. And it’s really something.
1. A. adapting to B. recovering from
C. going through D. rejoicing in
2. A. guiding B. fetching
C. driving D. dragging
3. A. ridiculous B. energetic
C. tiresome D. generous
4. A. disappointedly B. angrily
C. hurriedly D. unexpectedly
5. A. Moreover B. Therefore
C. Otherwise D. Somehow
6. A. regret B. sadness
C. surprise D. pleasure
7. A. willingness B. ambition
C. promise D. progress
8. A. referred B. occurred
C. appeared D. seemed
9. A. put up B. prepare for
C. give away D. deal with
10. A. sensible B. confusing
C. sensitive D. typical
11. A. got B. meant C. caught D. made
12. A. normally B. accidentally
C. possibly D. necessarily
13. A. treat B. trick C. plot D. plan
14. A. on account of B. as well as
C. except for D. regardless of15. A. order B. glimpse
C. impression D. command
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. His music deserved to be preserved(preserve) in the family.
2. Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night
when she was young.
3. I know you once participated (participate) in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have
accumulated much experience in it.
4. The implication of these results is that to gain (gain) the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to
skip eating first.
5.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living (live)at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa
and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults.
Ⅱ. 1. China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite-flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
2. Teachers should encourage students to participate in all kinds of activities, which can help develop their spirit
of teamwork.
3. Li Hua is worried that he has trouble (in) adjusting to British food.
4. It is a great privilege for me to invite you to join us in the competition.
5. It is not the story itself but what it reflects that counts.
Ⅲ.
1
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。本文主要讲述了“我们”在回家路上遇到大雨, 以及后面的经历。
1. 【解析】so。考查固定搭配。根据空格后的hard以及其后的that从句可知此处为so+adj. /adv. +that从句
结构, 故填so。
2. 【解析】to get。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知how long it would take. . . 为宾语从句, 其中包含着
it would take sb. +时间+to do不定式结构, 表示做某事花费多少时间, 故填to get。
3. 【解析】of。考查介词。a pack of为固定搭配, 表示“一群”, 故填of。
4. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知had great experience with caring for these animals为定
语从句, 修饰先行词masters, masters为人, 故填who。
5. 【解析】recommended。考查时态。根据and可知所填词语与前面的shared构成并列谓语结构, 故填
recommended。6. 【解析】competition。考查名词。根据空格前的interesting可知此处填名词形式, 故填competition。
7. 【解析】traditional。考查形容词。根据空格后的stories可知此处填形容词形式, 故填traditional。
8. 【解析】hugely。考查副词。根据空格后的popular可知此处填副词形式, 故填hugely。
9. 【解析】were invited。考查时态与语态。本文通篇以一般过去时为主, 故此处填过去式形式; 且根据空
格后的to attend可知此处主语we与invite之间为被动关系, 构成sb. be invited to do sth. 结构, 故填were
invited。
10. 【解析】listening。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句子中已经出现了谓语动词, 且句子中没有连
词, 故所填词语为非谓语动词形式, 且与其逻辑主语we之间为主动关系, 故用现在分词形式作伴随状语,
故填listening。此题也可根据后面meeting可知此处所填词语与meeting之间构成并列的伴随状语。
2
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。
1. 【解析】Surrounding。胡同环绕着紫禁城, 它们中的许多建造于元、明、清时期。分析该句结构可知,
many前面的部分为状语; 主语many代指“胡同”, 和动词surround之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分
词形式。
2. 【解析】dynasties。根据该句中的“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知, 该处指三个朝代, dynasty为可数名词, 故
该处用复数形式。
3. 【解析】The。北京城的中心是皇宫——紫禁城。根据该句中的“of the city Beijing”可知, 该处特指“北
京城的中心”, 故用定冠词The。
4. 【解析】closed。根据句子结构和空后的名词“China”可知, 空处修饰该名词, 表示“闭关自守的”, 故
用形容词。
5. 【解析】their。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知, 空处修饰该名词短语, 故用形容词
性物主代词。
6. 【解析】were improved。1949年中华人民共和国成立以后, 胡同的状况得到了改善。该句主语为
“hutongs’ conditions”, 和动词improve之间是被动关系, 故用被动语态; 根据该句中的时间状语可知, 该句
介绍过去发生的事情, 故用一般过去时。
7. 【解析】down。但是近年来, 许多胡同中的房子被拆毁, 取而代之的是现代化的建筑。pull down为固定
搭配, 意为“拆毁”。
8. 【解析】both。both. . . and. . . 为固定搭配, 意为“两者都……”。
9. 【解析】third。该处指“在北京市区的胡同中的房子占整个地区的三分之一”; one third“三分之一”。
10. 【解析】have survived。该空表示过去的动作一直持续到现在, 故用现在完成时。IV.
A
【文章大意】本文是议论文。美国麻省的一所新建高中让校园更像真实的世界。
1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Students at Powderhouse. . . of conventional teachers可知, 这
所高中没有传统的教师。
2.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第六段中的The way you fix. . . more fun work可知, 该校向学生提供有
挑战性的任务, 以使学生参与到以项目为基础的学习任务中去。
3.【解析】选 A。推理判断题。根据第七段中的 Powderhouse, with more fluid schedules. . . with more
flexibility for students和第八段中的students will progress. . . mastery of academic content可以推知, 该校努力
满足学生的需求。
4.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Resnick所说的We’re pretty confident. . . look like school可
以推知, 他认为未来的高中应该更像真实的世界。
B
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在他14岁时, 因为他的病, 急需要血液, 别
人输血救了他的生命。因此他决定一旦年满18岁, 就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极其罕见的血
液来救别人, 60多年里, 献血将近1200次, 救了240万婴儿的生命。
5.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段“he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as
regularly as he could”以及第二段“More than 60 years and almost 1, 200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood
contains an antibody that has saved the lives of 2. 4 million babies from miscarriages ”可知, 他决定一旦年满18
岁, 就开始尽可能定期献血。60多年内, 他献血将近1200次。他的血液中含有一种抗体, 这种抗体挽救了
240 万婴儿的生命。所以哈里森兑现了他 14 岁许下的诺言。故通过关键词“begin donating blood as
regularly, 60 years, 1, 200 donations, save”可以判断出, 哈里森是个非常感恩的献血者。故C选项正确。
6.【解析】选 B。目的意图题。由第四段“His doctors said it was time to stop the donations — and they
certainly don’t take them lightly. . . his blood helped save. ”可知, 他的医生说, 是时候停止捐赠了, 他们当然不
会轻易接受。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制, 现在为了保护他的健康, 他要停止献血。他做了最后一
次捐赠, 他的血液挽救了一些母亲和婴儿的生命。所以通过医生所说的话, 可以判断出, 第四段的目的是描
述哈里森的献血是如何结束的。故B选项正确。
7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段“But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s
completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and
white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia. ”可知, 但是哈里森从献血中退休并不意味着他完全退出了这个项目, 科学家们正在收集和编目他的DNA, 以建立一个抗体和白血球库, 这可
能是澳大利亚抗-D计划的未来。所以尽管哈里森已经退休, 但他并不是完全退出, 因为围绕着他血液的研
究会一直进行下去, 所以哈里森会继续为Rh项目做出贡献。故C选项正确。
8.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在他14岁时, 因为他的病, 急
需血液, 别人输血救了他的生命。因此他决定一旦年满18岁, 就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极
其罕见的血液来救别人, 60多年里, 献血将近1200次, 救了超过240万婴儿的故事。所以短文主要在叙述
一位有极其珍贵的手臂的人, 是这样的手臂输出的血液, 救了这么多的人。故短文的最佳标题为“一位有
极其珍贵的手臂的人”。故D选项正确。
V. 【文章大意】本文通过事例告诉人们: 找到我们喜欢做的事, 找到需要帮助的人。我们的慷慨对别人还
有我们自己都有利。
1.【解析】选B。adapting to使自己适应于; recovering from从……中恢复; going through仔细检查; rejoicing
in因……感到欣喜。句意: 我听见Meg正在和我们的项目经理Judith谈话。根据空后面的a recent operation
可知, Meg刚从最近的一次手术中恢复过来。故选B。
2.【解析】选C。guiding指导; fetching去取, 去拿; driving驾驶; dragging牵引。根据第二段第一句中
driving, 可知上周Judith开车送Meg的女儿去上舞蹈课。故选C。
3.【解析】选D。ridiculous可笑的; energetic精力充沛的; tiresome烦人的; generous慷慨的。句意: 我知道
Judith的时间表很紧, 但她送Meg的孩子上舞蹈课却慷慨得令人难以置信。D项符合语境。
4.【解析】选C。disappointedly令人失望地; angrily生气地; hurriedly匆忙地; unexpectedly未料到地。我正
要说更多, 这时候另一个同事匆忙地进了房间。根据空格下句She apologized for being late(她因为迟到而道
歉。)可知, 迟到的另一个同事Donna应该是匆忙进入房间。故选C。
5.【解析】选D。Moreover而且, 此外; Therefore因此; Otherwise要不然的话; Somehow不管怎样。根据
下句She did gain a sense of satisfaction from the entertainment offered to her friends. (她从她为朋友提供的娱乐
中得到了满足感。)可知, 上句的意思是“不管怎样, 我从她的声音里辨别出了她的开心”。D项符合语境。
6.【解析】选D。regret遗憾; sadness悲哀; surprise惊讶; pleasure快乐。不管怎样, 我从她的声音里辨别出
了她的开心。下句的a sense of satisfaction说明她是“开心的”, 故选D。
7.【解析】选A。willingness愿意; ambition雄心; promise许诺; progress进步。看到他们无私地乐意帮助别
人, 我开始思考“什么都没有”的概念。根据selflessly(无私地), 可知她们愿意帮助别人, 故选A。
8.【解析】选B。 referred谈及, 参考; occurred发生; appeared出现; seemed似乎。这真的是什么也不在意,
或他们只是随便说说? 我突然想起我曾经用了一个下午帮助朋友准备演讲。It occurred to sb. that. . . 某人突
然想起……。故选B。9.【解析】选B。put up建造, 举起; prepare for为……做准备; give away赠送, 泄露; deal with处理。根据下
句的rearrange the sequence of the stories in the lecture可知, “我”在帮助朋友准备演讲, 故选B。
10.【解析】选A。sensible合乎情理的; confusing混乱的; sensitive敏感的; typical典型的。我建议她重新安
排演讲的故事片段, 为了使它听起来更合乎情理。故选A。
11.【解析】选D。got得到; meant意味; caught抓住; made制造。她试了五次之后, 最后成功了。make it
意为“成功, 达到预定的目标”, 故选D。
12.【解析】选D。normally正常地; accidentally意外地; possibly可能地; necessarily必要地。我了解到发自
内心地给予并不一定意味着牺牲和艰苦的工作。not necessarily不一定, 故选D。
13.【解析】选B。 treat治疗; trick窍门, 诡计; plot情节; plan计划。窍门是找到我们愿意做的事情。故选
B。
14.【解析】选B。 on account of因为……; as well as还有……; except for除……之外; regardless of尽管, 不
管。我们的慷慨对别人还有我们自己都有利。故选B。
15.【解析】选D。 order命令; glimpse瞥; impression印象; command控制, 指挥, 命令。一旦你掌握了它,
便没什么了不起的。故选D。have a good command of精通, 掌握。
