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2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 基础知识强化练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. He encouraged me to take part and express myself in a forceful way that I’ve been doing ever since—and getting
paid for it. That made me what I am today—a commercial __________(law).
2. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different __________ (participate) based on how they
typed, with very low error rates.
3. The professor warned the students that on no __________(accountant) should they use mobile phones in his
class.
4. He devotes his time to the __________(acquire) of knowledge.
5. Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into __________ (finance) meltdown during the summer.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. _________________ to go to Jim’s party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.
我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了, 因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。
2. When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; _________________.
当你给我打电话的时候, 我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。
3. From space, the earth looks blue. _________________.
从太空中看, 地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水所覆盖。
4. I can’t keep the appointment. That is _________________.
我不能守约, 那是因为我要参加一个重要的班会。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Your career plays a vital role in your life and defines who you are, so it is worthwhile to take time to think
about it.
You’d better start 1. ___________(consider) your future career when you are still at school. 2. ___________,
this is not always easy, for you may just have a few ideas 3. ___________(bounce) around in your head.
One of the best ways to get some insight 4. ___________ a possible career path is to complete a “career
aptitude test”, the result of 5. ___________ will tell you about your advantages and interests and give you advice
on the career you may be 6. ___________ (suit) to. There are a large number of different kinds of career aptitude
tests, some for your personal attitudes and interests, 7. ___________ others focusing on asking you to rate differentkinds of work scenarios. After finishing the test, you may get a list of career 8. ___________ (suggest).
However useful career aptitude tests may be, you need to remember that they are only meant for 9.
___________(guide). So what’s the secret to a good career? The answer is finding something that you are
10. (true) passionate about!
IV. 阅读理解
A
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of
great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding
man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely
ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the
ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?
”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture
them.
“The great man, ” said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart. ”Yet most of us do lose it.
We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the
calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to
be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think
how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our
curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange
flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing
books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there
are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get
things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old?
Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her
first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive
than you are at this moment.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A. propose a definition B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion D. present an argument
2. What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority.
D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A. Observe the unknown around you.
B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure.
D. Follow the fashion.
4. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B. Reflections on Human Nature
C. The Keys to Achievement
D. Never Too Late to Learn
B
Few people doubt the value of developing students’ thinking skills. A focus on critical thinking is common in
education. In the Australian Curriculum, critical thinking and creative thinking are known as “general capabilities”.
The US has a similar focus through their “common core”.
Many approaches to developing critical thinking are based on Philosophy for Children. One strategy that has a
large impact on students’ ability to analyse and evaluate arguments is argument mapping, in which a student’sreasoning can be visually displayed by capturing the inferential pathway from assumption to conclusion. This type
of argument-based intellectual engagement can show high outcomes in terms of the quality of thinking in any
classroom. Research also shows deliberate attention to the practice of reasoning in the context of our everyday lives
can be significantly improved through targeted teaching.
Teachers at one high school in Australia, who have much training in critical thinking teaching methods,
developed a task that asked students to determine Australia’s greatest sports person. Students needed to construct
their own criteria for greatness. To do so, they had to analyze the Australian sporting context, create possible
evaluative standards, explain and justify why some standards would be more acceptable than others and apply these
to their candidates. They then needed to argue their case with their classmates to develop criteria that were solid,
defensible, widely applicable and produced a choice that seized significant and relevant aspects of Australian sport.
Researchers looking at the gains made in a single term of teaching critical thinking with argument mapping
said the critical thinking gains measured are close to those that could be expected to result from three years of
undergraduate education. Students who are taught to think well also do better on subject-based exams and
standardized tests than those who do not.
In terms of developing 21st century skills, which includes setting up students for lifelong learning, teaching
critical thinking should be core business.
1. Which of the following can explain the underlined word “capturing” in Paragraph 2?
A. Describing. B. Attracting.
C. Designing. D. Blocking.
2. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 3?
A. To construct the criteria for being great.
B. To acknowledge the teachers’ outcomes.
C. To present how to teach critical thinking.
D. To emphasize the importance of reasoning.
3. What is the author’s attitude towards teaching critical thinking?
A. Objective. B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful. D. Cautious.
4. What does this text imply?
A. Teaching methods should vary among schools.
B. Research on education deserves more attention.
C. Critical thinking should be valued in education.D. Concepts of critical thinking aren’t well received.
V七选五
We are here to share these essay writing suggestions in case you wish to write an essay for your own benefit.
Writing your own statement of personal belief can be a powerful tool for self-reflection. It can also be a wonderful
thing to share with family, friends, and colleagues. 1 .
Be distinctive.
Take your belief out of the events that have shaped your core values. Consider moments when belief was
formed or tested or changed. 2 . Your story need not be heart-warming or anxious—it can even be funny—but
it should be specific to you. Make sure your story is tied to the essence of your daily life philosophy and the
shaping of your belief.
Be brief.
3 . That’s about three minutes when you read aloud at your natural pace. So consider focusing on the core
belief. In addition, write about what you do believe, and not what you don’t believe. Remember to avoid statements
about religious beliefs.
4 .
Make your essay about yourself; speak in the first person. Avoid speaking in “we”. Tell your personal belief;
this is not an opinion about social ideals. 5 . We recommend you read your essay aloud to yourself several
times, and each time edit it and improve it until you find the words, tone, and story that truly arouse your feelings,
which can attract others then.
Keeping the above in heart and putting them into action, you will realize writing an essay just seems like an
easy task.
A. Be personal
B. Be appealing
C. Your statement should be between 500 and 600 words
D. It’s important to know how to tell a story about yourself
E. Write in words and phrases that are comfortable for you to speak
F. Think of your own life, and tell the things you know that no one else does
G. To guide you through this process, we offer some simple suggestions for you to follow
VI. 完形填空
As the temperature approached as high as 90 °F last July 4th, three police officers went into a Foods Market
to get something 1 to drink. Once inside, they were asked by a security guard to help with a 2 woman.The woman in question was obviously 3 , and her cheeks were wet with tears. The officers looked inside her
bag. All they saw were containers of 4 .
“I’m hungry, ” she explained 5 . Caught red-handed, the woman no doubt expected to be treated as a 6
. But the police had other 7 . “We’ll pay for her food. ”One of them told the 8 security guard. She would
not be 9 .
Drying her wet 10 , the woman repeated, “Thank you, thank you. ”She wasn’t the only one touched by
this act of 11 . Customers at the store were so impressed by what they’d 12 that some even posted a
photo on Twitter. 1 3 , attention was never what the officers sought. They were 1 4 by a far more common
emotion. When we look at someone’s face and see that they need you, it’s pretty 1 5 as a human being to walk
away from something like this.
1. A. safe B. sweet C. clean D. cold
2. A. wounded B. suspected
C. reported D. wronged
3. A. scared B. disappointed
C. puzzled D. annoyed
4. A. clothes B. medicine
C. toys D. food
5. A. politely B. loudly
C. seriously D. hopelessly
6. A. thief B. beggar C. victim D. customer
7. A. facts B. secrets C. ideas D. reasons
8. A. rude B. surprised
C. patient D. embarrassed
9. A. arrested B. employed
C. kept D. doubted
10. A. bag B. hands C. packetD. cheeks
11. A. caution B. sympathy
C. justice D. faith
12. A. ignored B. expected
C. witnessed D. recognized
13. A. However B. ThereforeC. Besides D. Instead
14. A. attracted B. controlled
C. required D. driven
15. A. typical B. amazing C. difficult D. silly
VI. 应用文写作
假如你是李华, 今年18岁, 是光明中学的一名学生。你所在的城市要举办国际旅游节(tourism festival),
现向全市招募志愿者。请你根据以下要点, 向组委会写一封申请信, 应征旅游节志愿者的工作。
1. 你的个人信息(年龄, 性别, 性格等);
2. 你的特殊优势(对地方旅游景点的了解, 扎实的语言功底, 相关的经历及沟通能力等);
3. 你的承诺。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. He encouraged me to take part and express myself in a forceful way that I’ve been doing ever since—and
getting paid for it. That made me what I am today—a commercial lawyer(law).
2. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants (participate) based on how they
typed, with very low error rates.
3. The professor warned the students that on no account(accountant) should they use mobile phones in his class.
4. He devotes his time to the acquisition(acquire) of knowledge.
5. Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial (finance) meltdown during the summer.
Ⅱ. 1. I wish that I hadn’t agreed to go to Jim’s party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.
2. When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I had answered your call.
3. From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by
water.
4. I can’t keep the appointment. That is because I have an important class meeting to attend.Ⅲ.
Your career plays a vital role in your life and defines who you are, so it is worthwhile to take time to think
about it.
You’d better start 1. considering/to consider (consider) your future career when you are still at school. 2.
However, this is not always easy, for you may just have a few ideas 3. bouncing(bounce) around in your head.
One of the best ways to get some insight 4. on a possible career path is to complete a “career aptitude test”,
the result of 5. which will tell you about your advantages and interests and give you advice on the career you may
be 6. suited (suit) to. There are a large number of different kinds of career aptitude tests, some for your personal
attitudes and interests, 7. while others focusing on asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios. After
finishing the test, you may get a list of career 8. suggestions (suggest).
However useful career aptitude tests may be, you need to remember that they are only meant for 9.
guidance(guide). So what’s the secret to a good career? The answer is finding something that you are 10. truly
(true) passionate about!
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文为议论文。首段给出核心论点: 伟大的人物会同时拥有两种品质——好奇心和永不满足
的精神。后文围绕如何拥有好奇心和不满足的精神展开讨论, 通过多次举例和引用的写作手法, 突出两者
的重要性并启发人们现在就行动起来去重拾我们与生俱来但是又被隐藏起来的好奇心和不满足的探索精神。
1.【解析】选D。写作意图题。本题询问第一段的写作意图。由题干定位第一段, 由议论文文体来看, 首先
我们能大致猜测首段引出议论话题, 给出作者的论点; 其次通读第一段, 主要内容是: 作者在多年的观察
后发现普通人和有卓越成就的人的区别就在于后者会同时拥有两种品质, 即后文主要讨论说明的论点, 即
首段是为了引出作者要阐明的话题和自己的观点, 故选D“提出论点”。
2.【解析】选D。细节理解题。本题询问Galileo的例子的作用是什么。由题干中Galileo定位第二段, “Like
Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why? ”说明Galileo
的事例给我们的启示就是要保持好奇和永不满足的心去问为什么。故选择D“伟大来自永久探索的欲望”。
3.【解析】选B。细节理解题。本题询问如何重拾好奇心和永不满足的精神。 由题干动词recapture定位第
三段和第四段, “We are born with them and need only recapture them. ”说明我们生来就有这两种品质。“The
great man, ”said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child’s heart. ”Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking
questions. We stop challenging custom. 说明我们像小时候那样多问、多质疑, 即可重拾好奇心和永不满足的
精神。故选择B“培养好问思维”。4.【解析】选C。段落大意题。本题询问两段的段落大意和给人的启示。由题干定位第六段和第七段, 第七
段前几句One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? . . . You haven’t any
time? . . . 说明人们说没时间没天赋其实都是借口, 只要真心想做, 一切都能从现在开始做到, 借此告诉人
们成为优秀的人就是不要给自己找借口。故选择C“缺乏天赋和时间不是不行动的借口”。
5.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本题询问文章标题。根据本文首段提出的有卓越成就的人所具备的两种品
质和文中主体段落通过举例、引用等方式告诫人们要行动起来重拾这两种品质和文末“there is no better
time to start than right now”再次强调现在就行动, 表明作者对读者的督促和提醒。故选C “成就的秘诀”。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在教学中培养学生批判性思维的方法, 并通过澳大利亚的一
所高中的教学实践, 阐述了批判性思维的好处及重要性。
1.【解析】选 A。词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的“a student’s reasoning can be visually displayed”“the
inferential pathway from assumption to conclusion”以及第三段中“they had to analyze the Australian sporting
context, create possible evaluative standards, explain and justify why some standards would be more acceptable
than others and apply these to their candidates. ”可知, 一个学生的推理能力可以通过描述从假设到结论的推理
过程得到视觉上的呈现, 故A项可以解释画线词的意思, “(用文字或图像)记录下, 描述, 捕捉”。
2.【解析】选C。写作目的题。通过阅读第三段可知, 本段讲述了澳大利亚的一所高中教师经过批判性思维
教学方法的培训后, 开发了一个“让学生们决定谁才是澳大利亚最伟大的运动员”的任务的事情以及学生
们运用批判性思维的过程, 再结合第二段最后一句话“Research also shows deliberate attention to the practice
of reasoning in the context of our everyday lives can be significantly improved through targeted teaching. ”可知,
第三段的目的是展示如何教授学生批判性思维。
3.【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段中“teaching critical thinking should be core business”可知, 作
者认为教授批判性思维应该是核心业务, 由此推断出作者是支持教授批判性思维的。
4.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要围绕教授批判性思维的方法展开, 并通过举例子说
明了在教学中重视批判性思维的好处及重要性。故选C项。
V.【文章大意】本文属于说明文。作者向读者介绍了几条关于论文写作的实用建议。
1. 【解析】选G。考查承上启下句。根据上文可知, 记述个人信念是自我反省的强有力的工具, 同时也是
可以与家庭、朋友和同事分享的很棒的事情; 下文是关于写文章的几点建议。G项“To guide you through
this process, we offer some simple suggestions for you to follow”能够承上启下, 符合语境。
2. 【解析】选 F。考查细节支撑句。结合小标题“Be distinctive. ”以及本段中提到的“Your story need
not. . . but it should be specific to you. Make sure your story is tied to the essence of your daily life philosophy andthe shaping of your belief”可知, 此处表示你应思考自己的生活, 讲述你知道但别人不知道的事情, 故F项符
合语境。
3. 【解析】选C。考查细节支撑句。结合本段小标题和空后的“That’s about three minutes when you read
aloud at your natural pace”可知, 空处应是对所写文章篇幅的建议, C项“你的叙述应该在500至600词之
间” 衔接下文。
4. 【解析】选A。考查段落主旨句。由本段的“Make your essay about yourself; speak in the first person”
“until you find the words, tone, and story that truly arouse your feelings”可知, 你应写关于你自己的文章, 并以
第一人称叙述, 找到能引发自己情感的单词、风格和故事, 故A项“Be personal”能概括本段主旨。
5. 【解析】选E。考查细节支撑句。由空后的We recommend you read your essay aloud to yourself several
times, and each time edit it and improve it until you find the words, tone, and story that truly arouse your feelings”
可知, 空处应表示选用合适的话语来表达自己, 故E项“用你说着舒服的单词和短语来写作”符合语境。
VI. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述三名警察人性化处理一起涉嫌偷窃事件的故事。
1.【解析】选D。天气温度很高, 所以他们想喝点冷饮。
2.【解析】选B。根据后文in question有问题, 被询问叫警察, 应该是被怀疑的意思。wounded受伤的;
reported据报道的; wronged弄错的。
3.【解析】选A。考查过去分词作形容词表示状态, 根据后文这个妇女害怕, 才会导致哭泣。disappointed
失望的; puzzled困惑的; annoyed恼怒的。
4.【解析】选D。后文中提到她说她饿, 拿的应该都是食物。clothes衣服; medicine药品; toys玩具。
5.【解析】选D。处于被质问的一方, 她解释的状态是无助的。politely礼貌地; loudly大声地; seriously严肃
地。
6.【解析】选A。她被当成了小偷, 叫了警察。前后文可推断出来。beggar乞丐; victim受害人; customer顾
客。
7.【解析】选C。根据后文警察没有抓走她而是帮她支付了, 是另外一种想法。facts事实; secrets秘密;
reasons原因。
8.【解析】选B。保安此时对警察的处理方式应该感到很惊讶。rude粗鲁的; patient耐心的; embarrassed尴
尬的。
9.【解析】选A。警察并没有逮捕她, 而是帮她付了钱。employed雇用; kept保持; doubted怀疑。
10.【解析】选D。词汇复现。 前文“她的脸颊被眼泪打湿”。
11.【解析】选B。妇女被可怜, 这种行为应该是同情。caution警觉, 注意; justice公平; faith信仰。
12.【解析】选C。周围的人旁观, 他们亲眼看到的, witness目击; ignore忽略; expect期待; recognize辨识。13.【解析】选A。警察并不是想引起注意, 这里可根据前后文判断出。Therefore因此; Besides除此之外;
Instead而不是。
14.【解析】选D。他们是被人类共同的情感所驱使的。attracted吸引; controlled控制; required要求。
15.【解析】选C。感情态度题。作为人很难从这种情况下走开。
VI.
【参考范文】
Dear committee,
I’m Li Hua, an outgoing boy of eighteen years old in Guangming Middle School. I’m writing to request a
valuable opportunity to be a volunteer for the International Tourism Festival in our city. The following are my
advantages.
Not only am I interested in traveling and have visited many places of interest, but also I have a good
knowledge of our city’s history. What’s more, English is my favorite and best subject. Last year, I won the first
prize in the oral English contest for high school students in our city. I have a good command of English, thus
making it easy for me to communicate well with foreigners.
If given the opportunity, I’ll be more than delighted to work for our city and surely be devoted to the job.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
