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2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修二 Unit 3 Food and Culture
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·江苏高考)Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by __________ (associate).
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity __________(consume)in the US.
3. (2019·天津高考)I was extremely inspired by the __________ (elegance)way the words sounded.
4. (2018·天津高考)Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems __________ (consist) of heat
detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking
to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with __________ (minimize) effort.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. ______________________, Jack didn’t notice me enter his room.
专心于看电影, Jack 没有注意到我进了他的房间。(absorb)
2. ______________________, he turned to his friend for help.
不知道做什么, 他向朋友寻求帮助。
3. ______________________, he spends a lot of time reading books every day.
为了取得进步, 他每天花大量的时间看书。
4. He doesn’t like ______________________.
他不喜欢被别人取笑。
5. Tom stared at the footprint, ______________________.
汤姆盯着脚印, 满心恐惧。
III.语法填空
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year.
Chinese New Year is a 1. ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2. ________ (carry) special significance. They
represent the earth
3. ________(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4. ________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times
5. ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.
6. ________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7. ________
health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8. ________ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 9. ________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored
buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10. ________ first to flower even as the snow is
melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
IV. 阅读理解
A
People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A. I. , will bring about a point in history when A.
I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether
instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.
The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry
about. On the contrary, the A. I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise
to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of
intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.
Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A. I. Revolution is not taking certain jobs
and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of jobs—mostly lower-
paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, too.
This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A. I. , as well as for the
companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth
concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?
Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A. I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial
Intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross-field” thinking. But these skills are
typically required by high-paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are
lower-paying jobs involving the “people skills” that A. I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen—professions
requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?
The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love”. These are jobs that A.
I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an olderperson to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer
service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.
Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and professional, such as compassionate medical service providers.
In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.
1. In what aspect is the A. I. Revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer Revolution?
A. The A. I. Revolution will finally become one beyond human’s control.
B. A. I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.
C. Higher-paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A. I. Revolution.
D. It may bring about mass unemployment no matter how much employees are paid.
2. The underlined word “promising” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______.
A. promotional B. demanding
C. guaranteed D. potential
3. What does the author suggest in the face of the A. I. Revolution?
A. It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.
B. People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.
C. The problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.
D. Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.
4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?
A. The A. I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities
B. Challenges the A. I. Revolution Brings to Job Market
C. A Double-edged Sword: the A. I. Revolution
D. Interrelationship between A. I. and Unemployment
B
5G, the fifth generation of wireless, promises lightning-fast download speeds and could lay the foundation for
high-tech advancements like self-driving cars. But like many new technologies, it’s causing concern about potential
health issues.
The first generation of wireless introduced mobile phones, and 2G brought texting. 3G laid the groundwork for
smartphones, and 4G allowed video streaming and more. 5G is expected to download data 20 times faster than its
predecessor (前任), and some experts argue it could be much faster.
Too much of a good thing?
It’s not just about streaming data faster, it’s about streaming more of it. On a 5G network, a user can downloada movie instantly, and data will flow between connected objects without delay. The amount of data people use on
mobile devices has gone up 40 times since 2010 and is only expected to increase. 5G networks are wireless
companies’ attempts to satisfy that demand.
Uncertain effects
The untested nature of 5G, and the extensiveness of its infrastructure (基础设施), has some worried that the
increased exposure could have serious health effects.
Wireless safety advocates (倡议人士) have called for more studies on the effects of the exposure, and one
group is trying to stop the installment of 5G networks in Chicago’s neighborhoods.
The federal government has safety rules that wireless companies must obey that limit human exposure to radio
waves, including frequencies used with 5G.
Wireless industry association CTIA says typical exposure to 5G infrastructure is comparable to Bluetooth
devices and baby monitors, and there is no scientific evidence of negative health effects.
Still, assurances from government agencies and industry operators are not enough for Chicago resident Judy
Blake. Additional studies on 5G’s health impacts likely wouldn’t soothe her either. She said, “People can’t choose
whether or not to be exposed to this radiation. ”
“I don’t need another test. The only test that’s going to happen now is people’s lives, ” said Blake, 67.
Only time will tell?
Though little is known about the long-term health impact of the millimeter waves that 5G operates on, some
research has shown short-term exposure could be problematic, said Joel Moskowitz, a public health expert at the
University of California at Berkeley.
The eyes and sweat glands (腺体) that are among several body parts studies have shown could be at risk,
Moskowitz said. Insects and plant life could also be affected, he added.
The millimeter waves used in 5G are absorbed by the upper layers of skin, potentially causing the temperature
of the skin to rise, said Suresh Borkar, a senior lecturer in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
at the Illinois Institute of Technology. “The effects of extended rises in skin temperature become a big unknown, ”
he said.
“This isn’t the first time people will come into contact with millimeter waves: They’re also used in airport
body scanners, ” said Lav Varshney, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Still, it’s the first time the high-frequency waves will be used on such a scale, and
concerns surrounding new technologies are common throughout history.“When cars first started replacing horse-drawn carriages, people were afraid of what the health impacts of
traveling at high speeds would be, ” Varshney said. “There has always been occurrence of this fear. ”
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. 5G is faster but not safe to human beings.
B. 5G features faster and more in transferring.
C. 5G can meet people’s any demand in theory.
D. 5G just makes little impact on people’s health.
6. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Millimeter waves certainly affect people’s health seriously.
B. Millimeter waves will cause the skin’s temperature to rise.
C. It’s obvious that many scientists object to 5G technology.
D. It’s hard to say whether millimeter waves do damage to health.
7. The underlined word “soothe” in Paragraph 8 most probably means ______.
A. to make somebody feel calm or less worried
B. to make somebody feel happy or more excited
C. to make somebody feel disappointed or less satisfactory
D. to make somebody feel inspired or more energetic
8. The best title for this passage is______.
A. 5G’s Advantages and Disadvantages
B. The Development of Wireless
C. 5G Health Concern
D. 5G Future Prediction
V.完形填空
I first discovered Café Gratitude several months ago. My friend Dr. Heather invited me to 1 her for
lunch. Heather had just moved to Los Angeles, and we would discuss the project we were doing. As we sat down
and were 2 the delicious vegetarian menu, the server who came to take our 3 asked us the question of
the day, “What are you grateful for? ”
I felt a familiar stir in my chest, and my eyes began to water. 4 pause, Heather 5 her hand out
to me and said that it was great to be with me. I expressed my gratitude to be with her too, enjoying this moment
of our shared 6 and her new start in Los Angeles. After a delicious lunch, I decided to stay a while longer as
the question had inspired me to meet the co-owner, Ryland. Pauses or 7 in life are a very good time to listento what’s 8 on inside of our hearts.
When Ryland came over to my table with his big smile, his title of Chief Inspiration Officer seemed very
9 for his personality. He gave me his 10 attention as he opened his heart to listen. I told him how I
wanted to help him open more 1 1 so there could be more places to eat and help spread this 1 2 of “being
generous and grateful every day”. Since that 1 3 , Café Gratitude has been my favorite place to eat.
What a rewarding and meaningful experience! And I’ve since learned that Café Gratitude practices business
through what they call “Sacred Commerce” where they provide inspired service, and express 14 for the
richness of our lives. A simple question that day 1 5 me down new paths and gave me new friendships.
1. A. attend B. accompany
C. involve D. find
2. A. looking B. testing
C. planning D. studying
3. A. space B. time C. order D. place
4. A. Without B. Despite
C. In terms of D. Regardless of
5. A. reached B. shook C. clapped D. stuck
6. A. project B. seat
C. honesty D. friendship
7. A. action B. delays C. hurries D. dreams
8. A. looking B. insisting
C. going D. agreeing
9. A. suitable B. ready C. eager D. anxious
10. A. simple B. full C. urgent D. regular
11. A. hotels B. schools
C. clubs D. restaurants
12. A. lesson B. note C. message D. lecture
13. A. meeting B. performance
C. act D. vacation
14. A. explanation B. appreciation
C. consideration D. application
15. A. surprised B. ledC. returned D. held
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association (associate).
2.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed (consume)in the US.
3.I was extremely inspired by the elegant (elegance)way the words sounded.
4.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting (consist) of heat detectors, smoke detectors
and sprinklers.
5. Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience
Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum (minimize) effort.
Ⅱ. 1. Absorbed in watching the film, Jack didn’t notice me enter his room.
2. Not knowing what to do, he turned to his friend for help.
3. To make progress, he spends a lot of time reading books every day.
4. He doesn’t like to be made fun of.
5. Tom stared at the footprint, full of fear.
III.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
1. 【解析】celebration。考查名词。句意: 中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始的标志。不定冠
词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
2. 【解析】carries。考查主谓一致。句意: 这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义。这是一
个表语从句, 从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers, 所以谓语动词用单数形式。故
填carries。
3. 【解析】coming。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它们代表着大地的复苏和对新的开始的美好祝愿。句中谓语
动词为represent, 所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系, 所以用现在分词作
后置定语。故填coming。
4. 【解析】than。考查短语。句意: 橘树不仅仅是装饰品。more than不仅仅, 不只是。故填than。
5. 【解析】decorated。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它们是很好的礼物, 你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运
的信息。句中them指代前句中的Orange trees, 与decorate之间为被动关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
故填decorated。
6. 【解析】Certainly。考查副词。句意: 当然在假期期间, 这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间
状语, 因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构, 用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。
7. 【解析】with。考查短语。句意: 竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
8. 【解析】to care。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它们很容易照顾, 也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词
+ to do”结构。填to care。
9. 【解析】beautiful。考查形容词。句意: 美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾, 做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词
branches, 用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 雪还在融化时, 梅花是第一个开花的。序数词first前要加定冠词the。
故填the。
IV. 阅读理解
A
1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead, it is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of
jobs—mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, too. ”可知, 与工业革命和计算机革命不同的是,
人工智能革命被认为会导致大规模的失业——大部分是低收入的工作, 但也有一些高收入的工作, 故D项
正确。
2.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的内容可知, 部分答案将涉及在人工智能工具不擅长的任务中
对人们进行教育或再培训, 人工智能不适合从事创造性、计划性和“跨领域”思维的工作。但这些技能通
常是高薪工作所需要的, 而这些工作可能很难再培训失业工人, 因此此处是说更有希望的是薪水较低的工
作, 包括A. I. 缺乏的“人际交往技能”: 社会工作者、酒吧招待、门卫——需要人际交往的职业, 由此可
知画线词词义为“有希望的; 可能的”, 故D项正确。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will
involve ‘service jobs of love’. ”可知, 解决大规模失业问题的办法将涉及“爱的服务性工作”, 再结合本段最
后一句“The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future. ”可知, 换言
之, 今天的志愿服务工作可能会变成未来真正的工作, 由此可知, 面对人工智能革命, 作者认为鼓励人们从
事志愿工作是明智的, 故A项正确。
4.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第四段中的“We are thus facing two developments that
do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people
out of work. What is to be done? ”可知, 本文主要介绍了人工智能革命给就业市场带来的挑战以及应对办法,
故B项正确。
B
5.【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第一段中 5G, the fifth generation of wireless, promises lightning-fast
download speeds and could lay foundation for high-tech advancements like self-driving cars. 第五代无线网络5G承诺闪电般的下载速度, 并可能为自动驾驶汽车等高科技进步奠定基础。可知5G网络会更快、更便捷。故
选B项。
6.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知, 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的电子与计算机工程
助理教授拉夫·瓦尔什尼说, 这并不是人们第一次接触毫米波: 机场的人体扫描仪也使用毫米波。尽管如此,
这是第一次如此大规模地使用高频电波, 历史上人们对新技术的担忧也是屡见不鲜。因此, 对于毫米波对
人类健康的影响其实还没有明确的证据, 很难说是否对身体有害。故选D项。
7.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据本段中Still, assurances from government agencies and industry operators
are not enough for Chicago resident Judy Blake. . . She said, “People can’t choose whether or not to be exposed to
this radiation. ”不过, 政府机构和行业运营商的保证对芝加哥居民朱迪·布莱克来说还不够。……她说, “人们
不能选择是否暴露在这种辐射下。” 以及下文“我不需要再做一次检查。现在唯一的考验就是人们的生
活。”67岁的布莱克说。可知, 布莱克所说的话是表达她的担忧和不安, 因此soothe应该是“使某人感到
平静或不那么担心”。故选A项。
8.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句 But like many new technologies, it’s causing concern
about potential health issues. 但与许多新技术一样, 它引发了人们对潜在健康问题的担忧。以及最后一段中
瓦尔什尼说: “当汽车刚开始取代马车的时候, 人们担心高速行驶会对健康造成什么影响。”“这种恐惧总
是会发生。”可知, 本文是围绕5G是否对人类健康有影响的担忧展开的, 最佳标题应该是“5G的健康担
忧”。故选C项。
V.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”应邀和朋友在一家“感恩餐馆”共进午餐, 期间服务员问
我们“我们感激什么”时, “我”和“我”的朋友都认为那一刻彼此的陪伴让我们感激。这一简单的问题让
“我”有了新的人生感悟……
1.【解析】选B。根据语境可知, “我”的朋友Heather博士邀请“我”陪她共进午餐。accompany意为“陪
伴”, 故B项正确。
2.【解析】选D。根据空后的“delicious vegetarian menu”及常识可知, 我们坐下并细看菜单。studying意为
“细看”, 故D项正确。
3.【解析】选C。根据该句中的“the server who came to take”及常识可推知, 服务员过来请我们点餐。order
意为“点菜”, 故C项正确。
4.【解析】选A。根据语境可知, Heather毫无停顿向“我”伸出手, 说和“我”在一起感觉很好。without
pause意为“毫无停顿”, 故A项正确。
5.【解析】选A。由“her hand out to me”可知, Heather向“我”伸出手, reach意为“伸, 伸手(以碰触或提起
某物)”, 故A项正确。6.【解析】选D。根据上文可知, 我们都表达了对彼此陪伴的感激; 再结合该句中的“shared”可推知, 我们
享受着分享友谊的时刻。friendship意为“友谊”, 故D项正确。
7.【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 空处与“Pauses”相照应, 应为其同义词语, 故delays “延迟”符合语境, 故
B项正确。
8.【解析】选C。根据语境可知, 生活中的暂停或延迟是倾听我们内心想法的一个很好的时机。go on意为
“发生”, 为固定搭配, 符合语境, 故C项正确。
9.【解析】选A。根据语境可知, 他微笑着, 看起来他“首席灵感官”的头衔和他的个性很匹配。(be)
suitable for为固定搭配, 意为“适合于……”, 故A项正确。
10.【解析】选B。根据从句“as he opened his heart to listen”可知, 他敞开心扉倾听, 全身心注意着“我”。
full意为“完全的”, 故B项正确。
11.【解析】选D。根据空后的“more places to eat”可推知, “我”想要帮助他开更多的饭店, 这样的话就有
更多的地方就餐并传播“每天要慷慨并感恩”的信息。restaurants意为“饭店”, 故D项正确。
12.【解析】选C。此处指开设更多的饭店来传播这样的信息。message “信息”符合语境。
13.【解析】选A。根据上文中的“meet the co-owner”并结合语境可知, 自从那次见面以来, “感恩餐馆”就
成了“我”最喜爱去就餐的地方。meeting意为“会面”, 故A项正确。
14.【解析】选B。根据语境, 该餐馆的名字及其经营理念可知, 他们向我们生命的丰足表达了感激。
appreciation意为“感激”, 故B项正确。
15.【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 那天的一个简单的问题, 引导“我”走上新的道路, 给了“我”新的友谊
(关系)。led意为“引领”, 故B项正确。
