文档内容
2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
选择性必修一 Unit 2 Looking into the Future
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them __________(keep)
smiling.
2. (2020·天津高考)He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it __________.
3. (2020·江苏高考) In looking __________ the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else,
a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries.
4. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) While the younger generations prefer __________(communicate) visually, for those used to
working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The researchers then tested how the monkeys __________(combine)—or added—the symbols
to get the reward.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. If you want to master English, you should _______________________.
如果你想掌握英语, 就把学习英语当成是你的例行公事的一部分。
2. We _______________________ in sixteen minutes.
我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。
3. He has no idea of _______________________.
他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
4. _______________________, he is an able man, but _______________________ he demands too much of
people.
一方面, 他是个能干的人, 但另一方面, 他对人要求太多了。
5. The answer seems to be that we have a need to _______________________.
答案似乎是我们需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
Have you ever forgotten 1. ___________ (lock)the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to switch
off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead
2. ___________ problems.
However, in the not-too-distant future, we will 3. ___________ (live)in smart homes that will lock the doorfor us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
You will no longer have to think about turning 4. ___________ (switch)on and off yourself. Your home
will also learn your 5. ___________(day) routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when
you get home each evening. Your lights will come on 6. ___________ instant you enter the door along with your
favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already 7. ___________ (prepare)for you.
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. If you start to have sleep or
weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a 8. ___________
(health)diet and 9. ___________ to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as
well. They can warn you early on if there is something 10. ___________ (normal)or if you have a critical
illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. Nevertheless, it will take some years
before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
IV. 阅读理解
A
As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain, the sound of a violin filled the operating room. The
music came from the patient on the operating table. In a video from the surgery, the violinist was moving her bow
(琴弓) up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain tumor (肿瘤). The King’s College Hospital surgeons
woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for
playing the violin and keep her hand’s functions intact.
Turner, 53, learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later doctors found that it had become more
aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to Turner,
so it was vital that we preserved function in the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play, ” Keyoumars
Ashkan, a doctor at King’s College Hospital, said in a press release.
Before Turner’s operation, Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify
areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement. Waking her up
during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suffering damage.
Brad Mahon, an expert at Carnegie Mellon University, said the basic features of an “awake craniotomy”—the
type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas—have remained
largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now able to map the patient’s brain activity in great
detail before the surgery, using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons are coming intothe operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s brain. That kind of information helps
doctors tailor tests to a patient’s particular needs.
1. What does the underlined word “intact” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Strong. B. Sound.
C. Talented. D. Influential.
2. Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turner’s brain before operation?
A. To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.
B. To monitor whether her brain had suffered damage severely.
C. To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.
D. To remove the tumor while keeping all function of her brain.
3. What can we know according to Brad Mahon?
A. Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery.
B. Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in a surgery.
C. A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before.
D. Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping his brain.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Musician joined in her own brain surgery
B. Mapping a brain is realized after surgery
C. The violinist suffers from a brain tumor
D. Doctors perform surgery on a brain
B
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other
things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, “the sense of
smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the
smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter. ”
Smell, which dictates(决定)the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least
understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10, 000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste
this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1, 000 genes, which make up an amazing 3%
of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for
their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first todescribe the family of 1, 000 olfactory(嗅觉的) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be
enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience
uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and
therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon(肉桂) were shown to improve concentration levels as
well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking
and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. The Israel researchers say their study
shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
5. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?
A. The type of food smells.
B. The logical part of human brain.
C. The nature of human olfactory system.
D. The relationship between food and feelings.
6. Which of the following can help people concentrate?
A. Bread. B. Fast food.
C. Pizza. D. Coffee.
7. What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.
B. Every person has a different pattern of genes.
C. Different people are sensitive to different smells.
D. There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.
8. What is the text mainly about?
A. Logic and behavior.
B. Smell and its influence.
C. Sense ability and food tastes.
D. Olfactory genes and its system.
V. 完形填空
Have you ever been caught in difficulties? Remember that self-confidence is 1 than a knife. You can use it
to fight a challenge. Read the short story below to 2 the power of self-confidence.A man was trying to find his way 3 a dark cave with a light of hope from a lantern(灯笼). Finally, he could
see some sunlight in the cave, which made him 4 . But as he drew closer, he was 5 to see a big rock
standing before him.
He pushed the rock, but it stood there firmly without 6 even a little. He tried again, but it prevented him
from 7 the place. The man felt as if being swallowed by a whale that was waiting to enjoy his supper. He sat
8 the big rock in the mouth of the dark cave looking back on his adventure. He had overcome many difficulties
and 9 he would overcome this one, too.
So he said to himself with confidence, “I will 10 here. ”He encouraged himself and it added to his power
and gave him more 1 1 in pushing the huge rock.
The rock moved a little, which encouraged him to work 12 . Thanks to all his efforts, slowly the rock
made way for him. He walked along the bright and evergreen path before him-with 1 3 .
We all may meet difficulties in our life. Some people don’t believe they can overcome them and choose to
14 , but some choose to face them with confidence. Those who give up will 1 5 succeed. Only those who face
difficulties with confidence will find their ways and succeed in life in the end.
1. A. nearer B. faster
C. larger D. sharper
2. A. consider B. regain
C. understand D. ask
3. A. on B. through C. below D. before
4. A. smile B. think C. move D. cry
5. A. pleased B. surprised
C. sad D. excited
6. A. breaking B. refusing
C. disappearing D. moving
7. A. leaving B. enjoying
C. destroying D. checking
8. A. in the heart of B. at the foot of
C. in the middle of D. on the right of
9. A. doubted B. explained
C. worried D. believed
10. A. show up B. look aroundC. get out of D. make use of
11. A. time B. energy C. space D. advice
12. A. harder B. longer C. wider D. deeper
13. A. courage B. fear
C. experience D. pride
14. A. look up B. give up
C. catch up D. cheer up
15. A. usually B. always
C. sometimes D. never
VI. 读后续写
阅读下面的材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When a tornado touched down in a small town nearby, many families were left completely destroyed.
Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human-interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered
the hardest.
One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered
mobile home, a depressed expression twisting her features. A young boy, seven or eight years old, definitely in low
spirits, stood at her side, eyes downcast. Clutching(紧握) at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera,
eyes wide with confusion and fear.
The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I
noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those
less fortunate than themselves. I taped the picture of the young family to our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty
to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three-year-old Meghan.
“We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing, ” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them,
thus they will smile again. ”
I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan
watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods. While I sorted through
our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan
watched quietly as the boys piled up discarded toys and games.
“I’ll help you find something for the little girl when I’m done with this, ” I said.
The boys placed the toys they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with
clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. Shepaused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy’s flat, painted-on-face, gave her
a final kiss, then laid her gently on the top of other toys.
“Oh, honey, ” I said. “You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much. ”
Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with held-back tears. “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe
she’ll make that other little girl happy, too. ”
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
The boys, open-mouthed, had watched their baby sister place her favorite doll in the box.
Taking the cue from my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep(keep) smiling.
2. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
3. In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists,
usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries.
4. While the younger generations prefer to communicate(communicate) visually, for those used to working with
traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).
5. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined(combine)—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Ⅱ. 1. If you want to master English, you should make English study a part of your daily routine.
2. We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.
3. He has no idea of how to answer this question.
4. On the one hand, he is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.5. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay/keep in touch with friends and family.
Ⅲ.
Have you ever forgotten 1. to lock (lock)the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off
the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead 2.
to problems.
However, in the not-too-distant future, we will 3. be living (live)in smart homes that will lock the door for us
when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
You will no longer have to think about turning 4. switches (switch)on and off yourself. Your home will
also learn your 5. daily(day) routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home
each evening. Your lights will come on 6. the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV
programmes, and you will find your dinner already 7. prepared (prepare)for you.
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. If you start to have sleep or
weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a 8. healthier
(health)diet and 9. how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well.
They can warn you early on if there is something 10. abnormal (normal)or if you have a critical illness, such
as cancer, and potentially save your life.
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. Nevertheless, it will take some years
before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了医生在给Dagmar Turner的大脑动手术过程中, 唤醒她的大脑, 让
她在接受手术的过程中, 能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。
1. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据该句The King’s College Hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of
the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her
hand’s functions intact. 所提供的语境“国王学院医院的外科医生在手术过程中叫醒了她, 以确保他们不会
损害拉小提琴所必需的大脑部分, 同时保证她的手的功能完好。”可知, 这里的intact 与sound意思相符,
相当于 in good condition, 意思是“健康的, 健全的”。
2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段Before Turner’s operation, Ashkan and his colleagues spent two
hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those
controlling language and movement可知, 在特纳手术之前, Ashkan和他的同事花了两个小时仔细绘制她的大脑图, 以识别她拉小提琴时活跃的区域以及控制语言和运动的区域。
3.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段But he said that doctors are. . . particular needs. 可以推出“外科医
生可以通过(核磁共振)成像个性化病人的手术”。故选D。
4. 【解析】选A。主旨大义题。本文主要讲述了医生在给 Dagmar Turner的大脑动手术过程中, 唤醒她的
大脑, 让她在接受手术的过程中, 能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。也就是让她参与了自己的手术。故选
A。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 主要论述了气味和它的影响。
5. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据题干中所提到的两位科学家“Richard Axel and Linda Buck”, 迅速定位
文章的第三段关键句Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for
their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. 可以得出答案。
6. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章中提到bread, fast food和pizza的气味都不利于人们控制情绪集中精
力, 但由文章中倒数第二段最后一句话“Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear
thinking and mental focus. ”可知柠檬和咖啡味显然有利于促进人们思维清晰, 精力集中。故选D。
7. 【解析】选C。段落大意题。文章的最后一段主要说了“不同的人对于不同的气味敏感”, 故选C。
8. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要探讨了气味和它的影响。 故选B。
V. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。生活并不总是一帆风顺。遇到困难时我们有两种选择, 一种是被困难
打倒, 选择放弃; 一种是相信自己, 迎难而上。本文通过一个故事告诉我们, 相信自己, 勇敢迎战, 只有这
样才能克服困难。
1. 【解析】选D。本文是要告诉我们自信的力量是强大的, 这里是把自信和刀子比较, 认为自信比刀子还
要“锋利”。
2. 【解析】选C。作者用下文的故事来帮我们“明白”自信的力量。
3. 【解析】选B。由下文可知, 这个人要“穿过”一个黑暗的洞穴。
4. 【解析】选A。这个人要走出黑暗的洞穴, 所以当看到阳光时他“笑”了。
5. 【解析】选C。本来看到阳光了, 走近却发现有块大石头挡在面前, 所以他很“难过”。
6. 【解析】选D。由关键词pushed和but可知, 他推石头, 但石头没有“移动”。后文的moved a little是
提示。
7. 【解析】选A。石头不动, 这就阻碍了他“离开”这个地方。
8. 【解析】选B。石头很大, 他坐在石头脚下。
9. 【解析】选D。由下一段的内容可知, 此处指他“相信”自己这次也能克服困难。10. 【解析】选C。根据上文可知, 这个人的目的是从黑暗的洞穴里出去。由此可知, 此处指他可以从这里
出去。
11.【解析】选B。由it added to his power可知, 此处指给了他更多“力量”。
12. 【解析】选A。石头稍微移动了一点, 这让他“更努力”了。
13. 【解析】选D。他又克服了一个困难, 这让他很自豪。
14. 【解析】选B。由空前的“Some people don’t believe they can overcome them”可知, 他们“放弃”了。
15. 【解析】选D。放弃的人当然“永远不会”成功。
VI.
【参考范文】
The boys, open-mouthed, had watched their baby sister place her favorite doll in the box. Without a word,
Brad rose and went to his room and then came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He hesitated briefly,
clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy. A slow smile spread across
Brett’s face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to his room and fetched some of his prized Matchbox
cars.
Taking the cue from my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new
hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as
much as I did. It’s easy to give and donate something that we don’t want any more, but harder to let go of things we
cherish, isn’t it? However, the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart.
