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2023 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版 2019)
必修第三册 Unit 4 综合检测
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节(共10小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分25分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you grew up watching the kid’s television channel Nickelodeon, you will probably understand that there is
nothing greater than enjoying its special bright green slime (水晶泥). The week of May 11, astronauts aboard the
International Space Station (ISS) joined the slime.
Nickelodeon sent two kilos of its green slime into space in the summer of 2019. The Slime in Space project’s
idea was to create an educational trip for teachers to use in class. The green slime was also used to guide astronauts
through a series of experiments that were designed to learn more about how slime acts in microgravity.
Researchers from Portland State University (PSU) were excited to design the experiments for the project.
Mark Weislogel and his partner designed eight shows for NASA astronauts and European Space Agency astronauts
aboard to perform.
If you’re wondering what we could hope to learn from sending slime into space, the answer lies in its very
name. Slime is slimy. This is because it is a liquid that is thicker than liquids like water. This makes slime act in
unexpected ways in the microgravity of the ISS. Improving our understanding of how thicker liquids act in space
may help us improve the design of systems that something were designed with Earth’s gravity in mind.
“Interestingly, we consider liquid on Earth as that takes the shape of its container, ” Koch tells CNN. “Water
just turns into a ball in microgravity, so we’ve had to have a new understanding of different kinds of matter in
space. This experiment shows how microgravity can help us understand things on Earth, especially the things we
take for granted. ”
21. In Paragraph 1, Nickelodeon is mentioned .
A. to introduce the topic
B. to attract the kids
C. to make advertisements
D. to share a TV show22. Why are the experiments with slime designed in space?
A. Because they get students interested in space.
B. Because slime takes the shape of its container.
C. Because slime is popular with kids in the TV show.
D. Because they help us understand how slime acts in space.
23. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Microgravity makes a difference to matters.
B. Astronauts join the slime in space for science.
C. Kids join the slime so as to become astronauts.
D. Experiments are designed with slimy slime.
B
Making beer on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the
University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth’s surface.
The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the
TeamIndus rocket this year.
Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether it’s possible for yeast (酵母) to work
and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts,
it’s also important for the development of drugs and yeast-containing food, like bread.
“The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends, ” said Neeki Ashari, a fifth-year
bioengineering student at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft of beer. When we heard that there was an
opportunity to design an experiment that would appear on India’s moonlander, we thought we could combine our
hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality (可行性) of yeast in outer space. ”
The preparation work for the beer — up to the stage of adding yeast — will all be done on Earth, and rather
than separating the fermentation (发酵) and carbonation stages of making beer, the team plans to combine them.
This removes the need to release CO accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and
2
safety issues out in space.
If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will
take place in a vessel no bigger than a soda can.
All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India.
Sadly, you won’t be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be
brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us tomake and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different
environments.
24. How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment?
A. Excited. B. Nervous.
C. Confident. D. Casual.
25. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The mixing of two stages.
B. Adding yeast on Earth.
C. The preparation.
D. Fermentation and carbonation.
26. What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?
A. It has been designed based on similar experiments.
B. It’s quite competitive compared with other designs.
C. Its design has already been approved by TeamIndus.
D. Its process was adapted to make it safer and greener.
27. What does the author think of the students’ idea?
A. It seems like a pipe dream.
B. It’s extremely complicated.
C. It’s meaningful and hopeful.
D. It’s creative but impractical.
C
As we all know, science is blooming more strongly than ever. Recently, NASA astronaut Scott Kelly
showed a photo of the orange zinnia (百日菊)on Twitter. It is the first flower to ever bloom in space and has
attracted much attention all over the world. This may be the most exciting news in the field of science. The zinnia
in the picture is so beautiful and looks similar to that on earth. Kelly cared for it for more than a month.
The Veggie plant growth facility chose the zinnia flower species because it has a longer growth cycle. As a
result, it can help scientists understand how plants flower and develop in microgravity(微重力).
“While the plants haven’t grown perfectly, ” said Gioia Massa, NASA science team leader for Veggie, “I
think we have gained a lot from this, and we are learning both more about plants and fluids and also how better to
operate between ground and the station. ”This was not the first time that scientists had attempted to grow zinnia in space. Other astronauts aboard the
International Space Station ( ISS ) began growing the colorful flowers last year. However, due to high humidity
(湿度)and low air movement in space, the zinnia leaked (渗透)water out of the tips of the leaves. What was
worse, the spread of harmful bacteria was destroying its growth badly. Kelly then took over the operation and
began taking care of the zinnia as he would in his own garden.
The ISS also successfully grew red romaine lettuce in July 2015. Kelly even took a bite of the harvested plants
and posted the photo on his Twitter. NASA’s new experiment using the Veggie plant growth system will be started
later. Astronauts will attempt to grow Chinese cabbages. The space agency will then attempt to grow dwarf
tomatoes in 2018.
28. Why does the zinnia cause public concern?
A. It is the first life to be found in space.
B. It is the first plant to ever grow in space.
C. It is the first zinnia to ever grow in space.
D. It is the first flower to ever bloom in space.
29. Why did scientists choose to grow the zinnia?
A. It was easy to grow.
B. Astronauts liked it most.
C. Other plants died in space.
D. It lived longer than other flowers.
30. What can we learn from the text?
A. More plants will grow in space.
B. The conditions in space are good for plant growth.
C. Scott Kelly isn’t experienced in planting flowers.
D. Gioia Massa doesn’t think much of the experiment.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Long before we had airplanes, people had been experimenting with different flying machines. We still use
some of those flying machines today. 3 1
Hot-air balloons and gliders(滑翔机) use air currents(气流) for movement. Hot-air balloon pilots control their
aircraft by going up or down into air currents that move the balloon. The pilot controls the balloon’s movement by
heating the air inside the balloon, or by allowing it to cool naturally. 3 2 Small planes pull gliders along arunway to help them take off. But once in the air, gliders use the currents, not an engine, to move. Their long wings
and strong body give riders a safe, smooth flight. 3 3
Helicopters(直升机) first appeared during World War Ⅱ. A helicopter doesn’t have wings, but, like an
airplane, it has an engine that makes its blades(螺旋桨) move at high speeds. This allows the helicopter to rise into
the sky. 3 4 But helicopters can stay in one place in the sky for a long time. Today helicopters are mostly used
by medical teams and the army. But you can also take a helicopter ride for fun. 3 5
So before your next aircraft ride, remember that airplanes aren’t the only way to fly.
A. An airplane has to keep moving.
B. Gliders also use air currents to rise and glide.
C. Learning to fly a helicopter isn’t a simple task.
D. Hot-air balloons and gliders are most often used for fun.
E. Some depend on air for movement, while others use engines.
F. Many tourist attractions offer helicopter rides for sightseeing.
G. Every flying machine has its own special characteristics, some good, some not so good.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The other day, my husband and I took the kids for dinner at a branch of Pizza Express. There was a very
friendly lady 3 6 alone at the next table. When the time came for her to pay the 3 7 , her bank card was
declined. The waitress told her, in a very kind way, that there was a 3 8 but that she would call her
manager for help. Seeing this, my husband 3 9 got up and told the waiting staff that we would pay for the
lady’s meal. 4 0 , when the manager arrived, he explained to the lady that although she couldn’t use her
41 , there was no need to 4 2 . Pizza Express authorizes (授权) the restaurant to 4 3 two free meals per
month and on this 4 4 , they would like to provide her with a free meal.
She was extremely grateful and apologetic that she had been 4 5 to pay. We were relieved that the lady
had been 4 6 with dignity instead of being placed in a 4 7 position.
Then, the manager 4 8 our table. He said that, 4 9 we had shown such generosity, he would
like to donate the second free meal that the restaurant was able to 5 0 to us! We were absolutely 5 1 !
I had never heard of any chain restaurant behaving in such a(n) 5 2 way. We were quite 5 3 withgratitude. I made sure that the lady was able to get home OK, and then we 5 4 the staff and left ourselves. I
was really impressed by how the restaurant had treated this 5 5 case.
36. A. waiting B. dining C. ordering D. working
37. A. menu B. recipe C. service D. bill
38. A. problem B. solution
C. disadvantage D. technique
39. A. cautiously B. bravely
C. immediately D. slowly
40. A. However B. Finally
C. Actually D. Therefore
41. A. cash B. check C. phone D. card
42. A. pay B. help C. worry D. bother
43. A. give away B. pick up
C. let out D. take on
44. A. condition B. occasion
C. moment D. demand
45. A. ready B. likely
C. unable D. unwilling
46. A. appreciated B. encouraged
C. treated D. pleased
47. A. dangerous B. pleasant
C. painful D. difficult
48. A. approached B. removed
C. noticed D. cleaned
49. A. if B. after C. as D. when
50. A. share B. offer C. spare D. cover
51. A. annoyed B. astonished
C. interested D. confused
52. A. strange B. awkward
C. abnormal D. generous
53. A. filled B. equipped
C. supplied D. burdened54. A. praised B. met
C. greeted D. thanked
55. A. unique B. regular
C. special D. complex
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have fixed a hole in the shell of its outer wall. The ISS is
a large satellite in space 56. scientists live to do scientific experiments. The first part of it 57.
(put) into space in 1998. Last week, NASA warned astronauts on the ISS that air was 58.
(slow) leaking out of the station. Astronaut Alexander Gerst and five other astronauts spent a lot
of time 59. (look) for the leak. Mr Gerst eventually found it and he put his finger over the hole.
Luckily, the hole was only two millimeters wide, so it was not serious, but it did need 60. (fix).
The hole was in a Russian Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft. NASA said it could have been caused 61.
a small piece of space junk. The ISS travels at 62. speed of around 28, 000 kph. Even a tiny
object 63. (hit) it can cause a lot of damage. Flight 64. (control) in the USA and
Russia worked together with the crew to repair the hole.
A NASA official said the crew on the ISS are 65. (health) and safe after the repair.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Eric来信询问你校即将举行的英语辩论赛的相关情况。请你给他写一封
回信, 内容包括:
1. 辩论赛的时间、地点;
2. 辩论赛的主题: 航天探索是否值得;
3. 奖品设置。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。During lunchtime, Emma suggested going to the zoo to feed the animals and her mom agreed.
“We’ll stop by the bakery and pick some bread up. Now hurry and eat and then we’ll go. It’s going to be a
lovely day. Grandma is coming with us. She’ll be here any minute, ”mom said.
Emma ate her lunch and then ran into her room to get her shoes. The problem was that she could only find
one of them. She looked under her bed, but all she could see were dirty towels and pants. She moved some of her
toys out of the way, but still couldn’t find her shoe. After she’d checked everywhere in her room, she ran into the
kitchen. “Mom, I can’t find my shoe. Will you wait while I look for it? ”she asked.
Her mom thought about how many times she’d told Emma to clean her room up. She whispered something to
Emma’s grandma and then said to Emma, “You will have to stay home. Your dad and I will take Ryan to the zoo.
Grandma will stay here with you. ”
“No! Please wait for me. I want to go to the zoo, ”Emma cried. “I’m sorry, Emma. I’ve told you a dozen
times to clean your room and you ignored me. You can’t find your shoe now. It’s your own fault for not doing as I
asked. You will stay home. ”
Emma ran into her bedroom, crying. Her mom came to the door and said, “Emma, clean that room of yours
before I get home. I’ve told grandma not to give you any sweets until you finish the work. ” She went out to the
car with Ryan and Emma’s dad and then they drove away.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;
4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Emma sat on her bed and cried for a long time.
Paragraph 2:
Emma and her grandma were sitting at the table, eating when her mom, dad, and Ryan came
home.参考答案
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节(共10小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分25分)
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了宇航员把水晶泥带入太空进行实验以及这个实验的重要
意义。
21. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据下文的内容可知, 文章主要介绍了宇航员把水晶泥带入太空进行实验,
这对于我们研究地球物质有很大意义, 可推断第一段提到Nickelodeon的水晶泥是为了引出话题。故选
A。
22. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段“The green slime was also used to guide astronauts through a series
of experiments that were designed to learn more about how slime acts in microgravity. ”可知, 在太空进行水晶泥
实验是为了更好地了解水晶泥在微重力下的表现。故选D。
23. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段The week of May 11, astronauts aboard the International Space
Station(ISS) joined the slime. 是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容可知, 文章主要围绕宇航员把水晶泥带入太空
进行实验以及这个实验所带来的意义。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“宇航员为了科学把水晶泥带入太空”
故选B。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。由TeamIndus举办的Lab2Moon比赛有望让学生在月球上酿造啤酒的梦
想得以实现。
24. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 虽然在月球上酿造啤酒对于许多人来说是白日梦, 但是
对一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说, 他们有机会在地球以外开展他们的研究; 又根据第四段中
的“We all appreciate the craft of beer . . . of yeast in outer space”可推知, 他们有做这个实验的机会时应是兴
奋的, 故A项正确。
25. 【解析】选A。代词指代题。根据第五段可知, 该实验小组在准备工作中计划把发酵过程和碳化过程结
合起来; 结合第六段“This removes the need to release CO accumulated in the process, which may result in
2
cleanliness and safety issues out in space”可知, 这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需
要, 这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题。据此可推知, This指代两个阶段结合起来, 故A项正确。26.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段可知, 这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳
的需要, 这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题; 根据第七段可知, 发酵过程将在一个不比苏打罐大的
容器中进行。据此可推知, 该实验过程经过改造后, 将更安全、环保, 故D项正确。
27. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据尾段尾句可知, 通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的反应, 这个小实验可
以提供重要的数据, 告诉我们在其他行星和月球上制造我们自己的资源有多可行。据此可推知, 这项实验
是有意义、有希望的, 故C项正确。
C
【文章大意】美国航天局宇航员在网上发了一张照片, 展示了有史以来在太空中开放的首朵花——一支橙
色的百日菊。
28. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段的It is the first flower to ever bloom in space and has attracted much
attention all over the world. 可知, 这张橙色百日菊照片展示的是在太空中开放的第一朵花 , 引起了世界关
注。
29. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段的The Veggie plant growth facility chose the zinnia flower species
because it has a longer growth cycle. 可知, 之所以选中百日菊, 是因为它生长周期更长, 科学家能有更多时
间观察植株在微重力状态下的生长情况。
30. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。由最后一段的NASA’s new experiment using the Veggie plant growth system
will be started later. Astronauts will attempt to grow Chinese cabbages. The space agency will then attempt to grow
dwarf tomatoes in 2018. 可知未来将会有更多植物在太空生长。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
【文章大意】本文是说明文, 除了常见的飞机, 还有许多飞行器能带人们飞上天空。
31. 【解析】选E。由下文可知, 作者按照飞行器的飞行原理(靠气流或引擎飞行)进行了分类和介绍, 因此
E项符合语境。
32. 【解析】选B。本空之前的话题是hot-air balloons, 之后的话题是gliders, 因此本空起着引出新话题
gliders的作用, B项符合要求。
33. 【解析】选D。第二段和第三段分别介绍了不同飞行器的飞行原理和主要用途, 本空与第三段的最后一
部分介绍直升机的主要用途相照应, 应介绍热气球和滑翔机的主要用途, 故填D项。
34. 【解析】选A。上文介绍直升机与飞机的相同之处——靠引擎飞行, A项内容与下文中的But helicopters
can stay in one place in the sky for a long time形成转折关系, 介绍直升机和飞机的不同之处。
35. 【解析】选F。F项承接上文中的you can also take a helicopter ride for fun, 说明许多景点提供乘坐直升
机观光的服务。第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
【文章大意】作者和丈夫去餐馆吃饭, 看到有位女士就餐后无法刷卡买单, 作者一家提出愿意帮她支付, 结
果餐馆不但免除了那位女士的餐费, 而且因为作者一家人的善良慷慨也免除了他们的餐费。作者一家既意
外, 又感动。
36. 【解析】选B。根据下文“we would pay for the lady’s meal” 可知, 此处表示作者看到有位女士一个人
在“就餐(dining)”。
37. 【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 在餐馆里吃完饭后要买“单(bill)”。
38. 【解析】选A。根据上文“her bank card was declined”可知, 那位女士用银行卡支付时出现了“问题
(problem)”。
39. 【解析】选C。作者的丈夫“马上(immediately)”起身, 提出愿意为那位女士买单。
40. 【解析】选A。由后面发生的事情可知, 此处表示转折关系。故选A。
41. 【解析】选D。根据上文“her bank card was declined”可知, 那位女士的“银行卡(card)”无法使用。
42. 【解析】选C。结合下文内容可知, 此处表示餐馆经理安慰那位女士不必“担心(worry)”。
43. 【解析】选A。根据下文中的“free”可知, 此处表示免费“赠送”。
44. 【解析】选B。on this occasion意为“在这种情况下”。
45.【解析】选C。根据语境可知, 女士既感激又因自己“未能(unable)”付款而觉得不好意思。
46. 【解析】选C。看到餐馆这样“对待(treated)”那位女士, 作者和丈夫感到欣慰。
47. 【解析】选D。餐馆顾及了那位女士的自尊, 没有让她处于“难堪的(difficult)”境地。
48.【解析】选A。根据后面故事的发展, 餐馆经理向作者一家所在的饭桌“走过来(approached)”。
49. 【解析】选C。as表示原因。由下文可知正因为(as)作者一家愿意替那位女士付款的大方, 经理表示,
餐馆愿意把第二个免费就餐的机会“提供(offer)”给作者一家。
50. 【解析】选B。参见上题解析。
51.【解析】选B。由上文可知, 作者一家对此感到非常意外和“吃惊(astonished)”。
52. 【解析】选D。作者以前从未听说过任何一家连锁餐馆有过这种“慷慨大方”的举止。
53.【解析】选A。作者一家对餐馆的表现“充满了(filled)”感激。
54. 【解析】选D。在离开餐馆之前, 作者一家对餐馆员工表达了“感谢(thanked)”。
55. 【解析】选C。餐馆对这种“特殊”情况的处理方式给作者留下了非常深刻的印象。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局警告国际空间站上的宇航员, 空气正缓慢
地从空间站泄漏出来。美国和俄罗斯的飞行控制人员与机组人员一起修复了这个洞。56. 【解析】 where。考查定语从句。 scientists live to do scientific experiments. 是一个定语从
句, 修饰先行词a large satellite, 关系词where在从句中作地点状语。
57. 【解析】was put。考查动词时态和语态。描述发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时; “它的第一部分”和
“送入太空”之间是被动关系, 用被动语态, 所以填was put。
58. 【解析】slowly。考查副词。句意: 上周, 美国国家航空航天局警告国际空间站上的宇航员, 空气正缓
慢地从空间站泄漏出来。修饰动词短语leaking out, 用副词, 所以填slowly。
59. 【解析】looking。考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事, 该句型是固定句
型, 所以填looking。
60. 【解析】fixing/to be fixed。考查非谓语动词。need doing=need to be done意为“需要做某事”, 该用法
是固定用法, 所以填fixing/to be fixed。
61. 【解析】by。考查介词。表示“由……造成”用by。
62. 【解析】a。考查固定短语。at a speed of意为“以……的速度”, 该短语是固定短语。
63. 【解析】hitting。考查非谓语动词。句意: 即使是一个很小的物体击中它也会造成很大的伤害。
(hit) it作定语, 修饰a tiny object, “一个很小的物体”和“击中”之间是主动关系, 用现在分词作定语, 所以
填hitting。
64. 【解析】controllers。考查名词复数。句意: 美国和俄罗斯的飞行控制人员与机组人员一起修复了这个
洞。该空作句子主语, 用名词, “控制人员”是复数意义, 用名词复数。
65. 【解析】healthy。考查形容词。句意: 美国国家航空航天局的一名官员说, 国际空间站上的工作人员在
修复了洞之后是健康且安全的。作be动词后的表语, 用形容词。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
【参考范文】
Dear Eric,
I’m glad to tell you about the English debate competition, which will be held in my school. Here are some
details for you.
The competition will take place next Friday afternoon in the school hall. It will last two hours. All the
competitors selected from every class must give their opinions and take turns to debate on the topic of whether
space exploration is worthwhile. I think the awards will surprise you. The champion debater will have the
opportunity to visit the Space Museum. Besides, another three excellent debaters chosen from every group will
receive a mysterious prize.Are there any wonderful competitions in your school? Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1:
Emma sat on her bed and cried for a long time. And then she wiped her eyes and started to clean her
room. It took her two hours to clean up the room. “I did it! ”she said proudly. She even found her missing shoe.
She ran into the living room. “Grandma! Come and see. I cleaned my room and found my shoe. ” Grandma looked
in Emma’s room. “If you had kept it this way, you wouldn’t have lost your shoe. Come and have some sweets
now, ”she said.
Paragraph 2:
Emma and her grandma were sitting at the table, eating when her mom, dad, and Ryan came home.
“Well, look at Emma’s room! It’s clean, ”her dad said. “How was the zoo? Did you have fun? I wish I could have
gone there with you, ”Emma said. “If you keep your room clean, we may go and see animals again, ”her mom
said. From then on, Emma tried her best to keep her room clean.
