文档内容
第 02 讲 选择性必修 3~选择性必修 4 词汇考点
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
02 重难创新练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
03 真题实战练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Since Zhangjiajie (improve) its transportation and service for long, the city now can
receive 36, 200 tourists per day.
2．China has been more and more (influence) since the reform and opening-up.
3．Ba Jin gained (recognize) for writing at a very young age, and today he is still acknowledged
as one of China’s greatest writers.
4．The UNESCO World Heritage Center repeatedly urges that some cultural relics in Egypt
(restore) in order to prevent them from collapse.
5．Haiku, a Japanese poetry, has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables
(respective).
6．It was the staff’s resolution and (persevere) that helped this corporation carry through its
goal and succeed eventually.
7．In many countries, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered (innocence) until the
court proves that he or she is guilty.
8．He was a victim of (race) prejudice.
9．We’ll have reporters there for you all week long to keep you (update) on the storm.10． (nail) the two shelves together, she wiped away the sweat and had a rest.
11．The chef said the menu (adjust) to suit local tastes. That’s why more customers were flooding
into the restaurant.
12．It was really cold outside, but Jethro stayed indoors (wrap) in a warm blanket (毯子) and
drinking hot chocolate.
13．He went from door to door (find) a partner who could help.
14．Only in retrospect (回顾) did the value of appreciating a movie without judging, (accompany) by the
joy of sharing become self-evident to me.
15．To get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours (study) and practicing.
题型二 核心单词拼写
16．The report (以……为基础) on the research was launched later.
17．She was forced to have her baby (领养) after she was sentenced to prison.
18． (任命) to be manager of the company, the young man felt excited.
19．To begin with, we’d feel (荣幸) if you could match us according to our oral English levels, rather
than pair us randomly.
20．She was so considerate that she walked to comfort the girl (惊慌) by the news.
21．When he came to himself, he found himself (被锁在) in the room.
22．To find out the truth, the police officers have to conduct a (详尽的) review of the case.
23．Last week, the teacher (布置) an essay about environmental protection to them.
24．A person must show some (自制力) to reach the goal of change.
25．There were some extraordinarily (逼真的， 栩栩如生的) paintings of Europe on display.
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
（2024·浙江·二模）A diet high in protein is often promoted as part of a healthy lifestyle, and many diets
encourage consumers to reduce fats in favor of protein to lose weight and gain lean muscle.
For the study in Nature Metabolism, Bettina Mittendorfer and colleagues found that while increasing theproportion of protein in daily calorie intake is beneficial, consuming protein too much not only doesn’t add to the
development of lean muscle but can cause unintended negative health effects.
“Consumers are being led to believe that they can never get too much protein in their diet,” says
Mittendorfer. “However, our research shows that specific amino acids (氨基酸), which are the building blocks of
protein, can trigger heart disease through a signaling mechanism at the cellular level in the blood.”
An amino acid found in animal-protein foods, such as beef, eggs, and milk, was found to be responsible for
signaling activity in cells that typically clear away rubbish in blood vessels. As consumption of dietary protein
increases, so does the consumption of leucine (亮氨酸), the specific amino acid responsible for triggering this
cellular activity in the blood.
When functioning normally, these cells work to keep blood vessels free from plaque (血小板) buildup. When
their production becomes overactive, the resulting accumulation of spent cells in the vascular system can cause the
plaque buildup and blockages they are supposed to prevent. The resulting hardening of the arteries (动脉) is a
leading risk factor for heart attack and stroke.
“Our hope is to eventually find the Goldilocks approach for maximizing the health benefits of dietary
protein, such as building lean muscle, while avoiding the health drawbacks from overconsumption.” says
Mittendorfer.
The researchers found that consuming more than 22% of daily calories from protein carries more downside
risk than dietary benefit. For a normal adult, 20 to 30 grams of protein per meal, or 60 to 90 grams of protein per
day is adequate to support health.
The study combined human trials with experiments in mice and cells.
1．Which of the following is the finding of the research?
A．It is beneficial to take in protein in daily diets.
B．A diet high in protein is always considered as a healthy lifestyle.
C．Many consumers are in favor of protein to lose weight and gain muscle.
D．Consuming protein too much doesn’t do good to the lean muscle development.
2．Which of the following is most likely to cause heart attack and stroke?
A．The plaque buildup. B．Animal-protein foods.
C．The hardening of the arteries. D．Overactive cellular activity in the blood.
3．What is the proper way to make good use of protein?
A．To take in proper amount of protein per meal.
B．To exercise everyday in order to build lean muscle.
C．To consume more than 22% of daily calories from protein.
D．To do more experiments in mice and cells to provide evidence.
4．What do we know about the study?
A．It is conducted in a relatively scientific way.
B．It finally finds a proper approach to keep fit.
C．It is totally against what people have believed.D．It offers a diet standard for people of all ages all over the world.
B
（2024·湖南·二模）The California sea otter (海獭), once hunted to the edge of extinction, has staged a
thrilling comeback in the last century. Now, scientists have discovered that the otters’ success story has led to
something just as remarkable: the restoration of their declining coastal marsh (沼泽) habitat.
Elkhorn Slough, a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay, had been experiencing severe damage. The root cause
was a growing population of shore crabs, which fed heavily on the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity
of the habitat. Coastal marshes like these are not only natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as
important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial. California’s coastlines were once alive
with sea otters. Sadly, they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders. In the 1980s, conservation efforts
aided these otters in re-occupying large areas of their former range. Now, Elkhorn Slough has the highest
concentration of sea otters in California, with a population of about 100. By naturally feasting on crabs, the otters
have helped a significant regrowth of plant life. Brent Hughes, a scientist working alongside Angelini, led a three-
year study. Their findings were clear: in areas with sea otters, crab numbers fell markedly. This led to a resurgence
in plant growth, which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away.
As the sea otter population continues to restore, their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to
increase. It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural
environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony.
“My honest reaction was—this could become a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins. She reveals
marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding. “Suddenly, sea otters go from just cute things we like to
something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.”
5．What change did the disappearance of sea otters bring about?
A．Fewer predatory crabs. B．More coastal plant life.
C．Better water-cleaning effect. D．Worse coastal ecological balance.
6．What does the underlined word “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Barrier. B．Advancement. C．Expansion. D．Revival.
7．What is the author’s purpose in quoting Lekelia Jenkins?
A．To highlight the importance of coastal marshes.
B．To introduce a new research study on sea otters.
C．To demonstrate the practical benefits of sea otters.
D．To emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts.
8．What message is conveyed from sea otters’ impact?
A．The necessity for controlled hunting.
B．The interconnectedness of the ecosystem.
C．The drawbacks of wildlife reintroduction.
D．The need for human intervention in nature.题型二 完形填空词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·河北·一模）My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day. As our research
turned to full capacity, our waste production 1 .
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 2 3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She
3 me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of 4 , the project
didn’t go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome 5 when my co-workers
brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental 6
We created a group to push for greener ways to 7 . We began meeting monthly to come up with
solutions. Over the following months, we 8 new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could
be sorted 9 .We created rules for each device to be energy-efficient. I’m still disappointed that I couldn’t
fully realize my 3D-printing 1 0 .I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I’ve also learned that if one
approach isn’t working, sometimes it’s best to 1 1 and look for other solutions. I’m thankful that with the
help of the 12 community around me, we are able to do that.
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the 13 impact of their own
research. The work we do is important. But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can. After all,
what 14 does our science have if, ultimately, there remains no 15 planet we can call our home?
1．A．returned B．declined C．stabilized D．rocketed
2．A．creating B．buying C．borrowing D．renting
3．A．suspected B．criticized C．encouraged D．comforted
4．A．struggle B．discussion C．training D．confusion
5．A．source B．relief C．target D．success
6．A．distribution B．option C．phase D．footprint
7．A．cure B．defend C．operate D．negotiate
8．A．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked
9．A．properly B．typically C．naturally D．annually
10．A．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．association
11．A．set off B．speak out C．hold on D．step back
12．A．local B．academic C．final D．new
13．A．fundamental B．historical C．environmental D．financial
14．A．significance B．possibility C．fortune D．depth
15．A．broad B．supportive C．different D．particular1. （2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇）
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall
Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the
island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing
team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family
musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages.
He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The
Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first
performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s
Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught
through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
1. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”?
A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough.
C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath.
2. What can we learn about the two actors?
A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“.
C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago.
3. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers?
A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities.
C. Technical support. D. Educational resources.
2. （2022·新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Over the last seven years, most
states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade
people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway TrafficSafety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
