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选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Very ， very long ago ， dogs didn’t exist.There were just wolves of different
kinds.“Dogor”，an 18，000-year-old puppy，was found frozen in the permafrost in
Siberia near Yakutsk.Permafrost is a layer of ground in Arctic and Antarctic areas that
remains frozen.Recently，areas of permafrost are thawing (解冻) as the world has
warmed，and uncovering secrets long buried and frozen.
Dogor came out of the ground covered with mud and ice，but scientists carefully
cleaned him.His head，including his nose，hair，eyelashes，and a mouth full of
young teeth，is still very much like it was when he died.Scientists from Sweden have
tested him carefully.Their tests showed that the puppy lived 18，000 years ago，that
it was a male，and that it was about two months old when it died.
But even though the scientists ran two DNA tests to discover whether Dogor was a
dog or a wolf，they didn’t get what they wanted.The scientists say that normally it’s
fairly “easy to tell the difference”.They now plan on doing a third DNA test.In any
case，the results will teach scientists a lot about the history of dogs and when they
began to separate from wolves.“We can’t wait to get results from further tests，”
said Sergey Fedorov，of the Mammoth Museum of North-Eastern Federal University.
Some people believe we may soon get even more information about very old
animals.Due to the climate change，the world’s temperature has gone up by 1 ℃，
which has led to heat waves，record dry periods，wildfires，record rains，and more
strong hurricanes.Since the permafrost in Siberia and other areas is thawing，it’s
possible that even more animals will be found，which could help scientists learn
more about early history.
1.What’s special about Dogor?
A.It’s the world’s earliest dog.
B.It survived extreme cold.C.It has shown many secrets.
D.It is preserved perfectly.
2.Which word can best describe the result of the study on Dogor?
A.Uncertain. B.Satisfying.
C.Unreliable. D.Challenging.
3.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A.The rise of temperature benefits animal studies.
B.Animals are suffering from natural disasters.
C.The climate is worsening.
D.Scientists call on people to protect ancient animals.
4.Where is the text most likely from?
A.A science magazine.
B.A biology textbook.
C.A novel about animals.
D.A report about weather.
Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to
make“green”ammonia( 氨 )from air ， water and renewable electricity.In a paper
published in Energy & Environmental Science，the authors say that ammonia
synthesis(合成)was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century.When used in
fertilisers that significantly increase the output of food crops ， it could enable
agriculture to sustain an ever-expanding global population.
But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed，production of
ammonia has been energy-intensive—requiring temperatures higher than 400 ℃ and
pressures greater than 200 atm—and all powered by fossil fuels.Dr.Emma Lovell，a
co-author of the paper from UNSW，says the traditional way to make ammonia，
known as the Haber-Bosch process，is only cost-effective when it is produced on a
massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required
and that it produces more CO than any other chemical-making reaction.
2“In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber-Bosch process，having to
produce millions of tonnes of ammonia in centralised locations means even more
energy is required to transport it around the world，not to mention the risks that go
with storing large amounts of it in one place ，”says Dr.Lovell.“And we saw
tragically in Beirut how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate(硝酸铵)can
be.”
Dr.Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply，on a
smaller scale and using renewable energy.Their new production method does not rely
on fossil fuel resources，and doesn’t give off CO either.
2
“And once it becomes available commercially，the technology could be used to
produce ammonia directly on site and on demand farmers could even do this on site
using our technology to make fertilisers—which means we negate the need for
storage and transport.There’s a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the
planet，” Dr.Lovell says.
5.What do we know about the Haber-Bosch process?
A.It does harm to the environment.
B.It requires green materials.
C.It uses less energy and is cheap.
D.It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia.
6.Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text?
A.To remind people to protect the environment.
B.To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage.
C.To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere.
D.To stress the choice of a proper centralised location.
7.What does the underlined word“negate”probably mean in the last paragraph?
A.Inspect. B.Avoid.
C.Suit. D.Accept.
8.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To solve a problem.
B.To explain a process.C.To advocate a theory.
D.To introduce a method.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·福建省漳州市高三二模)
It was a relatively calm day in the fishing village of Kalk Bay.Several people were
__1__ by the window of Brass Bell looking out to the water of the Atlantic
ocean.Then the scene changed __2__.
“I saw this wave come over the harbor (海港) and it __3__ the people，dragging
them into the __4__.I immediately ran outside，undressed myself，and dived into
the water because I saw a child go in as well.I have a very soft spot for kids，and my
instinct (本能) just kicked in to see if I could help，” Tongai said，who __5__
Brass Bell Restaurant.
37-year-old Clair and her 8-year-old daughter Arya were two of the people __6__
away.Clair knew they were being pulled into the water as soon as the __7__ rushed
over them，and she __8__ to wrap her arms around little Arya.
By now Tongai had dropped the drink he was __9__，taken off his belt and jumped
into the water—followed by an __10__ tourist.By then the violence of the waves，
even just a few meters from shore，had pulled Clair and Arya apart；he used his belt
to __11__ Arya who wasn’t able to stay afloat by herself.
“I __12__ went to the restaurant to thank the clerk，” Clair said.“My daughter
__13__ him immediately，and we all embraced (拥抱) each other.We are so thankful
to Tongai and the tourist who risked their __14__ to save ours，but it’s a pity that we
still don’t know the tourist’s name；we’ll forever be __15__ to them.”
1.A.rowing B.swimming
C.walking D.driving
2.A.dramatically B.deeply
C.gradually D.constantly
3.A.lifted B.covered
C.pressed D.held4.A.village B.bay
C.restaurant D.ocean
5.A.headed for B.worked at
C.lived near D.ate in
6.A.swept B.blown
C.thrown D.turned
7.A.people B.ship
C.life jacket D.wave
8.A.learned B.agreed
C.managed D.wished
9.A.producing B.buying
C.pouring D.storing
10.A.unnamed B.outgoing
C.attractive D.international
11.A.fix B.rescue
C.threaten D.catch
12.A.regularly B.occasionally
C.directly D.recently
13.A.recognized B.comforted
C.interviewed D.contacted
14.A.business B.lives
C.credit D.health
15.A.polite B.generous
C.grateful D.friendly
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·江西省鹰潭市一模)
If you have been to the cinema and watched the popular movie “The Wandering
Earth Ⅱ” recently ， you might 1.____________(impress) by the intelligent
quantum computer MOSS.It has no cognitive limitations，removing the perceptual
(感知的)thinking consciousness and left with the rational algorithm only.In fact，such strong AI like MOSS does not exist in reality for 2.____________ time being.
Nevertheless，weaker AI，3.____________ replaces human processing in a specific
field，has already been imperceptibly (不知不觉地)integrated into our daily life.At
present，most of the global AI level is also at this stage，for example，Robotic
Process Automation (RPA)，an office software that relieves employees by doing
repetitive human tasks，simulating a range of human 4.________(operate) such as on
the keyboard and mouse.
Furthermore，Open AI 5.____________(release) the language model ChatGPT (Chat
Generative Pre-trained Transformer) lately ， making human-machine interaction
much 6.____________ humanized and intelligent than ever before.Thanks to its
revolutionary user experience，ChatGPT obtained more than one million users just
five days after 7.____________(it)release.As to 8.________ ChatGPT became such a
hit ， users think it can display simple results content according to searching
keywords.
Far from being a Chatbot only，ChatGPT can also realize article creation，code
generating and other functions only by requesting.ChatGPT even has the
9.________________(capable)to write code just like a professional programmer.It
also presents the strong ability in content continuation，literary creation，music
creation，etc.It is so powerful 10.____________ New York City public schools have
banned it from their networks and school devices.
选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。作者主要介绍了科学家对生活在 18 000年前
的小狗Dogor的科学研究，研究结果将让科学家们了解狗的历史，以及它们从
何时开始与狼分离。
1.D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His head，including his nose，hair，eyelashes，and a mouth full of young teeth，is still very much like it was when he
died.”可知，Dogor的特别之处就是它保存完好。]
2.A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But even though the scientists ran...They
now plan on doing a third DNA test.”可知，做了两次测试以后，还是不确定
Dogor 是狗还是狼，所以“不确定”这个词最能描述Dogor的研究结果。]
3.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者在最后一段想要表达的
是气温上升有利于动物研究。]
4.A [文章出处题。根据第二段中的“Scientists from Sweden have tested him
carefully.”和第三段“In any case，the results will...when they began to separate
from wolves.”以及最后一段中的“Since the permafrost in Siberia and other areas
is thawing，it’s possible that even more animals will be found，which could help
scientists learn more about early history.”可知，本文与科学研究和科学家有关，
所以最可能出自一本科学杂志。]
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工
程师们发明了一种用空气、水和可再生电力制作氨的新方法以及生产氨的传统方法的缺点及存放、运输问题。
5.A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“it produces more CO than any other
2
chemical-making reaction”可知，用哈伯—博施法生产氨会产生更多的二氧化碳，
会对环境有害。]
6.B [写作意图题。根据第三段中的“not to mention the risks that go with storing
large amounts of it in one place”和“And we saw tragically in Beirut how potentially
dangerous storing ammonium nitrate can be.”可知，作者提到贝鲁特是为了举例说
明存放氨的危险性。]
7.B [词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“the technology could be used to produce
ammonia directly on site and on demand”可知，我们可以使用这项技术根据需求
现场制作氨，这就意味着我们能够避免存放和运输氨。]
8.D [写作意图题。根据第一段首句并结合下文叙述的生产氨的传统方法的缺
点、生产氨的新方法等可知本文的目的是介绍一种生产氨的新方法。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了在 Brass Bell餐厅工作的佟
艾和一位不知姓名的游客冒着生命危险救了被卷入大海的克莱尔和她的女儿艾
莉亚的故事。1.C [根据“by the window of Brass Bell looking out to the water of the Atlantic
ocean.”可知，几个人走到Brass Bell餐厅的窗前，眺望大海。]
2.A [根据下文“I saw this wave come over the harbor (海港)...because I saw a
child go in as well.”可知，风平浪静的大海发生了戏剧性的变化。]
3.B [根据“I saw this wave come over the harbor (海港)”可知，海浪淹没了在
海边游玩的人们。]
4.D [根据“I saw this wave come over the habor(海港) and it the people，
dragging them into the .”可知，海浪把游客拖进了海洋。]
5.B [根据“Brass Bell Restaurant”和常识可知，佟艾在Brass Bell餐厅工作。]
6.A [根据下文“Clair knew they were being pulled into the water...to wrap her
arms around little Arya.”可知，两人被海浪冲走。]
7.D [根据上文“I saw this wave come over the harbor (海港) and it the
people，dragging them into the .”可知，这里指海浪冲向她们。]
8.C [manage to do sth设法做某事。根据“wrap her arms around little Arya”可知，
因为女儿要被海浪冲走，所以她设法用双臂抱住女儿。]
9.C [根据上文“Tongai said，who Brass Bell Restaurant.”和常识可知，佟艾是Brass Bell餐厅的服务员，所以推断他正在倒饮料。]
10.A [根据文章最后“but it’s a pity that we still don’t know the tourist’s name”
可知，另外一名不知姓名的游客参与援救。]
11.B [根据“Arya who wasn’t able to stay afloat by herself”可知，他用皮带救
了不会游泳的艾莉亚。]
12.D [根据“went to the restaurant to thank the clerk”可知，克莱尔最近去了
Brass Bell餐厅感谢救了她们的服务员佟艾。]
13.A [根据“him immediately”可知，女儿立即认出了救了自己的服务员佟
艾。]
14.B [risk one’s life to do sth 冒着某人的生命危险做某事。根据“We are so
thankful to Tongai and the tourist”可知，母女二人来感谢，是因为他们冒着生命
危险救了她们。]
15.C [根据上文“We are so thankful to Tongai and the tourist who risked their
to save ours”可知，她们将永远感谢救过她们的人。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了人工智能已经不知不觉地融入了
我们的日常生活。1.be impressed [考查语态。空处在句中为谓语，表示“你可能会被智能量子计
算机 MOSS 所吸引”，be impressed by“被……所吸引；对……印象深刻”，
所以此处用被动语态，结合空前情态动词might，所以用be impressed，故填be
impressed。]
2.the [考查冠词。句意：事实上，像 MOSS 这样强大的人工智能，暂时在现
实中是不存在的。for the time being“暂时”，故填the。]
3.which [考查定语从句。空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为
weaker AI，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，故填which。]
4.operations [考查词性转换和名词的数。a range of “许多”，所以空处用名
词复数operations，作宾语，故填operations。]
5.has released [考查时态和主谓一致。空处在句中为谓语，结合句中lately可知，
时态用现在完成时；主语 Open AI 为单数，所以助动词用 has，故填 has
released。]
6.more [考查比较等级。根据句中than和空前much可知，此处用比较级，表
示“使得人机交互比以往任何时候都更加人性化和智能化”，所以填more，故
填more。]7.its [考查代词。形容词修饰名词，所以空处用形容词性物主代词its，修饰名
词release，故填its。]
8.why [考查名词性从句。as to“至于，关于”为介词短语，所以其后为宾语
从句；句中“users think it can display simple results content according to searching
keywords”解释了ChatGPT 如此受欢迎的原因，因而此处用连接副词 why，故
填why。]
9.capability [考查词性转换。根据空前 the可知，此处用名词 capability，作宾
语，故填capability。]
10.that [考查状语从句。本句使用了“so...that...”的结果状语从句，空处及之后
的内容为结果，所以此处用that，故填that。]
