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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：14 全解读非谓语动词之分词+巩固练习及答案与解析
[命题热点]
第一板块 分词的时间意义 第二板块 分词否定形式
第三板块 分词的功能
考点一、分词形式作定语; 考点二、分词形式作表语;
考点三、分词形式作补足语
热点一、一些使役动词跟分词作宾补; 热点二、感官动词跟分词作宾补
考点四、分词形式作状语
热点一、现在分词（ing形式）作状语成分;热点二、过去分词作状语成分;热点三、连词+分词;
热点四、逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的特殊分词状语
考点五、与感觉、情绪或情感有关的及物动词的分词 赏英语谚语 学—ing
[分词考题展示]
【考例1】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the _____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
答案与解析：recognized。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,
空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包
之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
【考例2】(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ______ (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
答案与解析：visiting。考查现在分词作定语。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被
修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客
和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。
【考例3】（2023·全国乙卷）____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-
existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
答案与解析：Having visited。考查非谓语动词现在分词作状语。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现
在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存
以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。
【考例4】（2018·北京）Ordinary soap, _________（use） correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析：used。考查非谓语动词过去分词作状语。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively
是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要
用过去分词used。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
【考例5】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left _______ (want) more next time.
答案与解析：wanting。考查非谓语动词现在分词作宾语补足语。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不
够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间
是主动关系, 用现在分词wanting。
【考例6】（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times______ (decorate)
with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
答案与解析：decorated。考查非谓语动词过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经
常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，
所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
[分词基本概况]
分词有现在分词和过去分词之分，现在把现在分词叫作动词-ing形式，为了便于讲解，本文仍然称之
为现在分词。现在分词是由动词在词尾加上-ing构成。规则的过去分词是在词尾加上-ed构成，不规则过去
分词没有一定的规则，需要同学们特殊记。关于分词的基本情况请看下表：
语态 及 物 动 词 do 不及物动go
类别 主动语态 被动语态 时间意义 语态意义 （主动语态）
现在 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动做同时或 根据主动或被动形式 going
分词 几乎同时发生
完成式 having having been 发生在谓语动词 根据主动或被动形式 having
done
done 动作之前 gone
过去分词 done 表示动作完成 被动意义 done
从表中可以看出及物动词的现在分词有四种形式，不及物动词的现在分词没有被动语态，只有两种形
式。过去分词没有时态和语态的变化，因为其本身就表示时间的过去，和语态上的被动意义，但是不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，只有表示时间上的过去。
分词具有动词、形容词、副词和名词的特征，从动词的特征看，它可以有自己的状语，如果是及物动
词的还可以有自己的宾语；从形容词的特征看，可以作定语、补足语、表语和状语；从副词特征看可以作
状语；从名词性的特征看可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语。分词的否定形式是在其前面直接加上not。
[分词考点解读]
第一板块 分词的时间意义
I．现在分词的一般式表示分词的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。考例：
1. (NMETXXXX II) “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
*A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
简析：现在分词looking作伴随状语，表示与谓语动词said动作同时发生，即说话的时候看着窗
外。
2. (NMETXXXX.III) Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ______in
your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form *C. forming D. having formed
简析：表示一般的情况下，强调对事实情况的陈述。
II．现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。考例：
1. (江苏XXXX)The old man, ______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked *D. having worked
简析：“老人在返回祖国的途中”发生在“在国外工作 20年之后”，work的动作先于is on the way
back发生，同时句中还有时间状语for twenty years提示，所以选D。
2. (北京XXXX)_______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited
*C. Having waited D. To have waited
简析：“意识到钱夹忘在家里”是在“排了半个小时队之后”，wait的动作先于realize发生，所以用
完成式，排除A；B项是谓语动词应排除；D项不定式作目的状语，不合语意，故选C。
III．过去分词表示的动作往往是已经完成。考例：
1. (上海XXXX) The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
＊A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded简析：既然在晚会上播放的唱片，肯定是已经录制好的，所以record的动作应该是已经完成，而且
是“被录制”，故选A。
2. (辽宁XXXX)_____ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the
farm.
A. Attracting *B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
简析：根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语的一致关系可以排除A、D；C中的不定式用于目的状
语，也排除，故选B，句中的attract的动作先发生，然后才有“决定在农场再过两天”，故选B。
第二板块 分词否定形式
分词的否定形式是在分词前直接加上not构成的。考例：
(METXXXX) ________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not *C. Not having received D. Having not received
简析：根据分词与句子谓语动词之间的动作先后关系可以排除A、B，正是“由于没有收到来信”，
才“决定再写一封”，所以选择完成式。但是分词的否定形式是在分词前直接加上not，having received是
现在分词完成式，是分词的一个整体，所以not加在having前，故选C。
再如：Not knowing what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.他不知道怎么办，不得不请求老师给予帮
助。
He found him not working in the fields.他发现他不在田里劳动。
第三板块 分词的功能
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语和状语，至于用现在分词还是过去分词，要考虑到现在分词与
过去分词之间的在表示时间意义和语态意义的区别，这一点十分重要。
考点一、分词形式作定语
单个的分词形式作定语通常置于被修饰词前，而分词短语形式作定语应置于被修饰词之后。现在分词
表示存在的状态或者一般的情况，或强调与谓语动词的动作同时或基本同时发生并进行，但是-ing的完成
时一般不能作定语。通常作定语的分词可以与定语从句相互转换。
热点一、现在分词作定语。考例：
1. (上海XXXX) The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars *D. remaining 20
dollars
简析：此处的remaining相当于形容词，意思是“剩下的”，由于remain是不及物动词，所以用现在分词作前置定语。
2. (北京春招XXXX) The picture ____on the wall is pained by my nephew.
A. having hung *B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
简析：从句意可以看出表示“挂着”的状态，用ing的主动形式，而ing的完成时一般不作定语，所
以选B。
3. The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (上海XXXX)
A. to smell *B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt B
简析：smell“发出气味”与attract同时进行，表示当时的情形，而smell表示词义时是连系动词，从题
中的形容词sweet也可以看出，所以不可以用过去分词，故选B。
热点二、过去分词作定语。
1. 定语的位置
1）单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词前，但修饰代词
需置于被修饰词之后。如：
the developed countries 发达国家
spoken English 英语口语
well-trained policeman 训练有素的警察
man-made satellite 人造卫星
everybody invited 所有被邀请的人
注意：leave的过去分词left表示“剩余的、剩下的”意思时，置于被修饰词之后。如：
There is only one minute left. 就剩下一分钟了。
2）过去分词短语作定语要后置，即要放在被修饰词之后。如：
（1）（浙江XXXX）Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Miring Company, _____ as
3M.
A. knowing *B. known C. being known D. to be known
简析：本句实际上含有短语be known as “以……而著名”，对于the Minnesota Manufacturing
and Miring Company应该是“被大家知道”，所以用过去分词表示被动意义，故选B。
(2) (上海 XXXX) Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ______ only to people with specific
knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known *D. known
(3) (安徽XXXX) Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought *B. bought C. been bought D. buying
3）部分过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同，则意义也不相同。如：
an adopted child 收养的孩子 a plan adopted 被采纳的建议
2. 作限制性定语或非限制性定语
过去分词作定语可以是限制性定语，也可以是非限制性定语，并且可以与对应的限制性定语从句或非
限制性定语从句相互转换。如：
1）(NMETXXXX) The first textbooks written for teaching as a foreign language came out in the 16th
century.
可以转换为：The first textbooks that (which) were written for teaching as a foreign language came
out in the 16th century.
2）(NMETXXXX) The Olympic Games, first played in 776 B.C., did not include women players until
1912.
可以转换为：The Olympic Games, which was first played in 776 B.C,. did not include women
players until 1912.
3. 不及物动词的过去分词
一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词
作定语只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。如：
newly-arrived goods 新到的商品 a returned student归国留学生
fallen leaves 落叶 faded flowers 凋谢的花
the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮 a retired worker退休工人
an escaped prisoner逃犯
考点二、分词形式作表语
分词作表语表示主语的特征，或是对主语进行描述，要注意连系动词不仅仅是 be动词, get/ remain/
stay等词都可以作系动词。
1.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so
he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
简析：challenged。此处feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所
以用过去分词。句意：我迅速放下身子，低下头，避免直接看他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得有挑
战。
2. (NMETXXXX I)Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party.
*A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change简析：此处的过去分词作连系动词get的表语，过去分词仍然保留有被动意义。
3. (NMETXXXX) Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying *C. paid D. to pay
4. (上海春招XXXX) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____ as the plane was making a
landing.
A. seat B. seating *C. seated D. to be seating
简析：题中的remain“依然”是连系动词，所以要跟表语，及物动词seat通常用seat oneself/sb表示
“坐下或使……就座”，或用过去分词，即（be）seated，故选C。
再如：Your article is well-written. 你的文章写得很好。
The story is very touching. 这个故事非常动人。
其中一些过去分词作表语实际上已经成为短语要求考生熟记，如：be satisfied with/ be covered with/ be
dressed in/ be seated/
考点三、分词形式作补足语
宾语补足语就是用形容词、副词、分词、介词短语、不定式或名词等对宾语进行补充或说明，通
常补足语与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语表示其动作在延续或进行,过去分词
作宾语补足语表示过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语大致有以下
几类。
热点一、一些使役动词跟分词作宾补
像have/ get/ send/ leave 等使役动词可以跟分词作宾补，要注意各个词汇使用特点。1. have sb.
doing sth.表示“让某人一直在做某事”；have/get sth. done.有两层含义，一是指主语“让某人做某
事”，而主语自己不参与，而是指主语本身“有某种损失或遭遇”。leave sb. doing sth.表示“使某人做
某事”处于某种状态”；leave sth. done意思是“使某物处于某种状态”。send sb. doing sth.表示“使某
人做某事”。考例：
1. (安徽XXXX) --- Why did you go back to the shop?
--- I left my friend _______ there.
*A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
简析：leave sb doing sth的意思是“使某人做某事处于某种状态”。
2.（天津XXXX）Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run *B. running C. being run D. to run
3. (上海XXXX) The house had one of the windows ______ in the storm yesterday.
A. breaking B. to be breaking *C. broken D. to be broken简析：句中的have sth. done结构表示主语the house在昨天遭受到“窗户破碎的损失”，故选C。
4. (上海XXXX) He didn’t keep on asking the time any longer as he had his watch ______.
A. to repair *B. repaired C. repairing D. repair
简析：由于his watch是repair“修理”的动作对象，所以用have sth. done结构，故选B。
5. (上海 XXXX) Mr Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____ went
wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired *C. repaired D. to be repaired
简析：本题与第3题基本相似，但是在难度上明显提高。题中的had had应理解成是使役动词have
的过去完成时，she had had是定语从句，修饰先行词the washing machine，had后应该有宾语，在
定语从句中作其宾语的关系代词that或which被省掉了，由此可以知道是have sth. done结构的过
去完成时形式，句意是“布朗夫人很失望地看到她让人修过的洗衣机又坏了”，故选C。
热点二、感官动词跟分词作宾补
像see/ hear/ watch/ observe/ notice/catch/ find/listen to/ look at 等感官动词常跟分词作宾语补足语，
但是使役动词make一般不跟现在分词作宾补，像完全形容词化的interesting除外。当这些动词用于被
动语态时，作宾语补足语的分词就成了主语补足语。如：
1) （2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
简析：分析句子结构可知，surrounding the mountain tops作宾补，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形
式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词，注意句子中的并列连词and，连接的两个
宾补结构。故填surrounding。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了
眼泪。
2) (京皖春招XXXX) He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put *D. putting
简析：catch sb doing sth的意思是“撞见（碰见）某人正在做某事”，是一固定用法，就像 send sb
doing sth表示“使某人做某事”一样也是固定用法。
3) (NMETXXXX) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke *B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
简析：find sb doing sth的意思是“发现某人正在做某事”。
考点四、分词形式作状语
作状语的分词所表示的动作是句子谓语动词的一部分，可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随或结果等，通常用逗号与句子隔开。其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致，即句子的主语就是动词 ing的动作执
行者，逻辑主语与句子的主语的关系是决定用现在分词还是过去分词的一个重要尺度。
热点一、现在分词（ing形式）作状语成分
1、时间状语 (可以与when等引导的时间状语从句转换)
1) (上海XXXX) Finding her car stolen, ___________.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere *D. she hurried to a policeman for help
可以转换成：When she found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.
2) Having closed the windows, he went out of the classroom.
关上窗户后，他走出教室。
可以转换成：After he closed the windows, he…
2、原因状语（可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换）
1) (NMETXXXX) _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too later to clean up the river.
*A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
2) (NMETXXXX)________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front him.
A. Losing B. Having lost *C. Lost D. To lose
3). (上海XXXX) Having been attacked by terrorists, _______.
A. doctors came to their rescue *B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
简析：根据分词短语作状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语关系可以看出 A、C、D中的 doctors/ an
emergency measure/ warnings都不可能是attract“袭击”的对象，故选B，过去分词作原因状语。
4）（2022·新高考I卷）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National
Park(GPNP). ______ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will
be one of the first national parks in the country.
【答案】Covering
简析：Covering。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应
用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering表示原因。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石
国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
3、条件状语（可以与if/ unless等引导的条件状语从句转换）
1） Using your head, you’ll have a good idea.
(= If you use your head, you’ll have a good idea.; Use your head and you’ll have a good idea.) 如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。
2) Turning to the left, you will find a house whose gate faces to the east.
(= If you turn to the left, you will find a house whose gate faces to the east.; Turn to the left, and you
will find a house whose gate faces to the east.)
向左转弯，你就会看到一座大门朝东的房子。
3) （北京XXXX）_______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving *D. Given
简析：句子的主语与give之间是被动关系，考虑到give跟双宾语give sb. sth.可以推出he是give
的动作对象，所以用过去分词作状语，表示条件，可以转换成：If he is given time…。
4、伴随状语（不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句）
1) (NNETXXXX) The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ______ that he had
enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add *C. adding D. added
可以转换成：The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks and added that he had
enjoyed his stay here.
2) (METXXXX) “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
*A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
5、结果状语(可以与so …that…引导的结果状语从句相互转换，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句)
1) (NMETXXXX) European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the
world.
*A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
可以转换成：European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it the most popular sport in the
world.
2) A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.
这家工厂装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。
6、方式状语
Travelling by car, we visited many places.
我们乘车游览了许多地方
7、让步状语（可以与though/ even though“尽管、即使”转换）
Working very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
尽管拼命的工作，却丝毫不感到疲劳。可以转换成：Though he worked very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
Admitting what she said, I still think she hasn’t tried her best.
尽管承认他所说的话，但我仍然认为他没有尽到最大的努力。
热点二、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。通常过去分词在句中可以作
时间状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语和让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从句进行句型转
换。如：
1）（北京XXXX）_______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving (D). Given
点拨：作条件状语，相当于If he is given time, …
2）(METXXXX) Followed by some officials, Napolen inspected his army.
点拨：作伴随状语或方式状语。
3）Warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the field.
点拨：作让步状语，相当于：Though they had been warned of the storm, …
热点三、连词+分词
由when/ while/ after/ before/ if/ though/ unless/ as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致
时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词+现在
分词”结构。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，而且状语从句的谓语动词是被动语态形式时，
从句可以转换成“连词+过去分词”形式，同时省掉从句的主语和句中的助动词 be，注意该结构中
的连词仍保持原来的意义。如：
1) (上海XXXX) Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of *C. lacking D. lacked in
可以转化成：Though they lacked（缺少）money, his parents managed to send him to university.
2) (METXXXX) _____, I went to the railway station to see my friend off.
A. After eating quickly my dinner B. after my quickly eating dinner
*C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner
3）(NMETXXXX II)When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing *B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
4) (NMETXXXX.IV) It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned *C. questioned D. to be questioned
简析：本题补全是：…when I was questioned…1）The captain advised the soldier not to say anything unless he was asked.
可以转换成：The captain advised the soldier not to say anything unless asked.
2）You should do as you were told to.
可以转换成：You should do as told to.
实际上“连词+过去分词”已经成为近年的高考热点，请看下列考例：
3）(上海XXXX) Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking *B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
4）(NMETXXXX) The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning *D. begun
热点四、逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的特殊分词状语
但是在英语实际运用中有一些作状语的分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语并不一致，却依然是正确的，这
样的分词称之为垂悬但不致病分词，这些分词常在句中作独立成分，有些已经转化成介词或连词。下面就
给同学们列举一些这类分词，希望对同学们能有所帮助。
1. speaking 与一些副词连用，意思是“……说”，generally (frankly/ strictly/ honestly/ personally/ broadly)
speaking 一般地（坦率地/ 严格地/ 诚实地……）说。如：
Generally speaking, Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.
一般地说，汉语要比英语难学得多。
Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way, but conference reports and schoolbooks use British
spelling.
Strictly speaking, I’m his stepfather, not his father.
严格地说，我是他的继父，不是他的亲生父亲。
Broadly speaking, dogs are more faithful to man than cats.
泛泛地说，狗比猫对人类要更为忠实。
2．judging from… 从……判断
Judging from what she wears, she must be a rich lady.
从她的穿戴来看（判断）， 她一定是一位有钱的女士。
3. including (counting)… 包括，包含。
它是通过及物动词include(包括)加上ing转化而来的，实际上它已经成为一个介词。如：
There are 50 students in our class, including 15 girl students.
包括十五位女生在内，我们班有五十位同学。
试比较：There are 50 students in our class, 15 girl students included.句中的15 girl students included与including 15 girl students意思相同，但是结构不一样。后一句的
结构是“名词+过去分词”，是独立主格结构，included是过去分词，与15 girl students之间是动宾关
系，意思是“十五位女生被包括在内”，但前一句的including是介词，与15 girl students之间是介宾
关系。
4．considering…或taking…into consideration (考虑到……) 如：
Taking everything into consideration, they ought to stay at home.
考虑到各种因素，他们应该呆在家里。
试比较：
Considered to be one of the excellent students, he received scholarship this semester again.
被认为是优秀学生之一，他这学期又获得了奖学金。
句中的considered是过去分词作状语，需要考虑到与句子的主语保持逻辑上的一致，同时也要注
意到在以上的句中的consider的意思的不同。在前句的consider的意思是“考虑”，在后一句的意思
是“认为”。
再比较：
Everything considered, it’s natural for Tom to offer me a lift home.
考虑到各种因素，汤姆让我搭车回家是很自然的事。
当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构叫做独立主格
结构。
5．following 可以用作为介词，意思是“在……之后；经过”。如：
Following the conference, the methods were put into use on a wide scale.
会议之后，这些方法大大得到推动。
Following the victory over Japan, he resumed his scientific work.
抗日战争胜利后，他继续搞科研工作。
6．given 作为介词的意思是“鉴于……”。
（京皖春招 XXXX）______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the
operation.
*A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
本题句意是：鉴于他健康的整体情况，要从手术中恢复过来还需要一段时间。此处的 given是介
词。
试比较：
(北京XXXX)_____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving *D. Given
句意是“如果给他时间，他会成为一流的网球选手”
本句可以转换成：If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.，可以看出句中的given是
过去分词作状语。
7. owing to 意思是“因为；由于”，同because of或on account of一样是短语介词。如：
I couldn't attend the meeting, owing to illness.
因为有病，我不能参加这次会议。
8．according to意思是“根据、按照、取决于；视…而定”。如：
You needn’t to live according to her means
你没有必要按她的方式生活
According to my watch it is 10 o'clock. 按我的表是10点钟。
9．respecting (regarding) 关于、至于，作介词。如：
I wrote a letter regarding my daughter's school examinations.
我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。
They are discussing problems respecting air pollution in cities
他们正在讨论关于城市空气污染的问题。
10．given that或admitting that的意思“尽管、即使”，同even if/ even though，用来引导让步状语从句。
如
Granted that he is absent , there is no excuse.
即使他不在，也不是借口。
11．supposing 作为介词或连词，意思是“假如；如果”，意思是同if，作连词引导假设性条件状语从句。
如：
Supposing her unwilling, what then? 如果她不愿意，那怎么办？
Supposing it rained, we would still go. 如果下雨， 我们也依然要走。
12．providing/ provided 作为连词，意思是“如果；以……为条件”，后面也可以跟 that，作用同
supposing，引导条件状语从句。如：
She will lend you $ 2,000 providing you pay it back before Christmas.
她可以借给你XXXX美元，条件是圣诞节前你必须还她。
I will go providing /provided (that) my expense are paid.
要是我的费用有人代付我就走。
13．seeing that…,表示原因，意思是“既然，由于”引导状语从句。如：He knows much of the world seeing that he is only twelve years old.
他对人生世事知道的相当多了，因为他才12岁。
Seeing that you are here, I have to tell you the truth.
既然你在这儿，我可不得不把真相告诉你了。
考点五、与感觉、情绪或情感有关的及物动词的分词
英语中有许多与情感、感觉或心理有关的及物动词，这些动词经常以现在分词或过去分词形式出
现，在句中作定语或表语。现在分词形式主动意义，意思是“令人有某种感觉”，其中的现在分词与
中心词之间的逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词有被动意义，意思是“感到……，人被引起某种感觉”。
一般由表示情感或心理状态的动词转化而来的过去分词作定语时，通常不可以修饰无生命物，而现在
分词修饰多修饰物，但是需要视具体情况而定，部分此类过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见这类过去
分词有：disappoint/ move/ excite/use/ encourage/ surprise/ satisfy/ interest/ puzzle/ tire/ frighten/ move/
please等。如：下列的过去分词：disappointed （失望的）/ moved（感动的）/ interested（感兴的）/
touched（被感动的）/ surprised（感到惊讶的）/ shocked（震惊的、震撼的）/ puzzled（迷惑不解的）/
frightened（受惊吓的）等等。考例：
a frightened driver 吓坏了的司机
a disappointed girl 感到失望的女孩
1. (北京春招XXXX)Mr. Smith, ______ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.
*A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
点拨：(be) tired of 的意思是“厌倦……”，过去分词短语在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语是句
子的主语Mr. Smith；现在分词boring的意思是“令人厌烦的”，修饰词speech指物。
2. (京皖试题XXXX)--- I’m very _____ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
--- Mm, it does have a _____ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant *D. pleased; pleasant
附：赏英语谚语 学—ing
1. A clean hand wants no washing.清白的人无需为自己洗刷。
2. If thing could be obtained merely by wishing for them, poor people would be rich.
如果梦想能自动实现，叫花子都能发财了。
3. It’s no safe wading in an unknown water.不知水深浅，千万莫轻涉。
4. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.事已至此，再哭也无用。
5. By doing nothing we learn to do ill.一闲生百邪。6. A man may love his house well without riding on the ridge.一个人可以欣赏自己的房子而没有必要在屋顶
上夸耀。
7. He who would catch fish must not mind getting wet.想抓鱼就不能怕水。
8. There is no accounting for tastes.人各有所爱。
9. Constant dropping wears away a stone.滴水穿石；只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针。
10. You can’t make an omelette（煎蛋） without breaking eggs.有失才有得。
11. Clumsy birds have to start flying early.笨鸟先飞。
12. Coming events cast their shadows before them.事发之前必有先兆。
牛刀小试
第一组练习：
1. (XXXX上海) Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
2. (XXXX上海) Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
3. (NMETXXXX) The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
4. (XXXX上海春招) When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
5. (XXXX京皖春招) Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. being bought D. buying
6. (XXXX上海) The bell _______ the end of he period rang, _______ our heated discussion.
A. indicating… interrupting B. indicated… interrupted
C. indicating… interrupted D. indicated… interrupted
7. (NMETXXXX) As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my parents.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
8. (NMETXXXX) ______ such pollution already, it may now be too late to clear up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
9. (XXXX上海春招) ______from heart trouble for years, professor White has to take some medicine with him
whenever he goes.A. suffered B. suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
10. (XXXX上海春招) He sent me an e-mail, _____ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
11. (XXXX上海) _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding
12. (XXXX上海) The ______ boy was last seen _____ near the East Lake.
A. missing…playing B. missing…play
C. missed…played D. missed… to play
13. (XXXX京皖春招) The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
14. (XXXX 京皖春招) ______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the
operation.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
15. (NMETXXXX) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
16. (NMETXXXX) When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will
call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
17. (XXXX上海) The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
18. (NMETXXXX) Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
19. (NMETXXXX) European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
20. (NMETXXXX) The Olympic Games, _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
21. (NMETXXXX) __________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
22. (NMETXXXX) The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th
century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written23. (NMETXXXX) The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ________ that he had enjoyed
his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
24. (NMETXXXX) The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
25. (METXXXX) “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
第二组练习：
1. Most of the professors ______ to the conference were from Beijing University.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
2. ______more water, the flowers could have grown better.
A. To give B. Giving C. Having given D. Given
3. The thief was brought in, with his hands ______behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
4. The teacher raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______.
A. hear B. to hear C. heard D. hearing
5. The lady scolded the boy caught ______and let him off
A. to have stolen B. stealing C. to be stealing D. to steal
6. On a ______morning the little match girl was found ______at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
7. We went in and found the room ______.
A. poorly furnished B. poor furniture C. well furnishing D. to be furnished badly
8. I’m sorry to have kept you ______so long.
A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting
9. The travelers stood on the hillside and looked at the sun ______.
A. risen B. raised C. rising D. raising
10. He would sit alone and listen to Mary ______the piano.
A. to play B. playing C. played D. to playing
11. This experience made him ______the study of science.
A. interest in B. to interest in C. interesting in D. interested in
12. ______a reply, I decided to write another letter.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
13. “Can’t you see?” he said ______to the film being shown.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
14. The new library, ______last month, is very popular among the students and teachers in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
15. We set out at 9:00 ______home at 10:30.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
16. The missing boy was last seen ______basketball on the playground.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
17. The general manager expressed his satisfaction with the business talks ______that he wanted to strengthen the
cooperation.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
18. ______in thought, he almost ran into a passing truck.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
19. A fire broke out in the building and it sent ______out of the building.
A. everyone running B. every to run C. everyone to flee D. everyone fled
20. We walked as fast as we could, ______to catch the 9:30 train.
A. to hope B. hopingC. hoped D. being hoped
21. Night ______, we hurried home.
A. fell B. falling C. fallen D. fall
22. ______a fine day, we decided to go swimming in the cake.
A. Being B. It being C. It is D. It was
23. Why do you stand and watch the milk ______over?
A. boiling B. boiled C. to boil D. being boiled
24. ––Who are those people with the banner?
––A group ______itself the League for peace.
A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called
25. Hello ______, he reached out his hand.
A. said B. sayingC. talked about D. talking about
26. Can you get the clock ______again?
A. go B. going C. gone D. to be going
27. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word___.A. speaking B. speak C. spoken D. to speak
28. ______, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A. He had been told many times. B. Having been told many times.
C. Told many times D. Although he had been told many times.
29. ______，they all went to their own offices.
A. With the problem solving B. With the problem solved
C. The problem solve D. After solved the problem
30. On hearing the bad news, he got up quickly ____ the lunch unfinished.
A. leave B. left C. to leave D. leaving
31. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself _______.
A. to hear B. heard C. hearing D. hear
32. The city used to be a small one then, _____ to what it is now.
A. comparing B. to compare C. being compared D. compared
33. When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
34. ________ computer games, Li Hua can’t help spending too much spare time surfing the Internet.
A. Addicting to B. Addicted to C. Having addicted D. To addict
35. Go to Paris, and you will find the places of interest there are more attractive than commonly _______.
A. to suppose B. to be supposed C. supposing D. supposed
36. Mr. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
37. _____ comfortably in her armchair, the old lady enjoyed light music on the MP3 with her eyes half ______.
A. Seated; closed B. Sat; closing C. Seating; closed D. Sitting; close
38. Put the _____ glass into the dustbin in time, or you may have your fingers____.
A. breaking; cut B. broken; to cut C. breaking; to cut D. broken; cut
39. The news that Tian Liang won the men’s 10m synchronized platform title at the 28th Athens Olympic Games
made us _______.
A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. to excite
40.Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party. (NMETXXXX I)
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change参考答案及解题思路点拨：
第一组练习
KEY：1-5 CDDAB 6-10 AAACB 11-15 CABAC 16-20 DDCAC 21-25 CDCAA
点拨1： 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，如果分词的动作是由句子的主语发出的，
就用现在分词。如果句子的主语是分词动作的对象，则要用过去分词，在时间上表示动作已经完
成，在语态上表示过去分词与其逻辑主语，即句子的主语之间是被动关系；通常可以表示时间、原
因、方式、条件、结果、目的等，表示先于或同时于谓语动词的动作。如：10）11）19） 21）
23）25） 。
点拨2： 现在分词的完成式构成是having+done，表示分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，如8）
9）（要注意现在分词的完成式不可以作定语）。其中第8）题的是悬垂分词，即分词的逻辑主语并
不是句子的主语。
点拨3：在though/ as /while/ when/ if/ till/ until/ unless/ as if/ as though等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主
语与主句的主语一致，或是it+be… 结构，则可以省掉主语而用“连词＋Ｖing或Ved (形容词、副
词、介词短语等)”，这种用法与分词或分词短语作状语需与句子的逻辑主语保持一致是相符的。
如：１） ３） ４）。
点拨4： 分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在被修饰词之前，而分词短语作定语应置于被修饰词之后。与被
修饰词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生或经常发生；与被修饰词之间是被动关
系时，用过去分词，表示动作已经发生。如：2） 5） 6） 12） 13） 14） 16） 17） 20） 22）
点拨5：由于分词具有形容词的性质，因此分词或分词短语还可以作表语，过去分词作表语时，其动作含
义已经弱化。如7）18），句中的gets实际上是系动词，相当于be动词。
点拨6：分词还可以作作see/ hear/ get/ leave/ find等词的宾语补足语。如：12）15） 24）。
第二组练习：
KEY: 1-5 ADDCB 6-10 BADCB 11-15 DCADD 16-20 ACCAB 21-25 BBAAA 26-30 BCABC 31-35
BDABD 36-40 CADCA
1. 点拨：选A 过去分词短语定语
2. 点拨：选D 过去分词短语作条件状语，且与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
3. 点拨：选D 过去分词在With的复合结构中作宾补。
4. 点拨：选C 作宾补与himself存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
5. 点拨：选B catch sb doing sth 撞见某人在做…；caught stealing是过去分词短语作定语。6. 点拨：选B freezing寒冷的 frozen作主补 构成逻辑的动宾关系
7. 点拨：选A 作宾补构成动宾关系
8. 点拨：选D 作宾补与you构成主谓关系。
9. 点拨：选C 同第8题
10. 点拨：选B 现在分词短语作宾补
11. 点拨：选D 形容词短语作宾补
12. 点拨：选C 现在分词短语作状语，用完成式表其动作发生在谓语动作之前。
13. 点拨：选A 分词短词作伴随状语，且与主语构成主谓关系。
14. 点拨：选D 过去分词短语作非限定性定语
15. 点拨：选D and连接两个并列谓语，表示两个先后的动作。
16. 点拨：选A 作主补，表示男孩在被他人看见时正在做的动作。
17. 点拨：选C 作伴随状语，表示主语在谓语expressed发生时所做的另一动作。
18. 点拨：选C lost in thought作原因状语。
19. 点拨：选A 复合宾语，且分词与宾语构成主谓关系
20. 点拨：选B 分词短语作伴随状语。
21. 点拨：选B 独立主格结构作状语，fall为不及物动词。
22. 点拨：选B 独立主格作状语，若选A，无逻辑主语。
23. 点拨：选A 作宾补，表示牛奶正溢出。
24. 点拨：选A 分词短语作定语，这里表示“称自己为…”所以用现在分词
25. 点拨：选A 独立主格结构作状语
26. 点拨：选B get sth doing使某物（由静止）成为某种状态
27. 点拨：选C 过去分词作宾补
28. 点拨：选A 由but连接的并列句
29. 点拨：选B with 的复合结构作状语
30. 点拨：选D. leaving为现在分词作结构状语。
31. 思路点拨：make oneself done的意思是“使自己被……”，过去分词作宾语补足语，本题选B。
32. 思路点拨：compare…to (with)…“与……比较”，the city是compare的动作对象，在句中是其逻辑主
语，所以用过去分词，故选D。
33. 点拨：当when/ while/ if/ though等引导的主语从句的主语与句子的主语一致时，可以省掉从句的主语
和be动词，从而形成“连词+ing/ Ved/原表语”结构，museum是complete动作的受动者，所以用过去
分词，故选A。34. 点拨：短语be addicted to的意思是“沉迷于…”,句子的主语Li Hua就是短语的逻辑主语，故选B。
35. 点拨：在上下文意义比较明确的情况下，比较状语从句可以用省略形式。根据句意补全是“they are
commonly supposed”,故选D。
36. 点拨：考查 have sth. done 结构。“(that) she had had ____”是定语从句，修饰先行词“washing
machine”，前一个had是构成过去完成时的助动词，后一个had是使役动词，宾语就是省掉的关系代
词that，所以选C。句意是“布朗先生非常失望看到他让人修的洗衣机又坏了”。
37. 点拨：及物动词seat表示“使就坐”通常用sb.作宾语，或是用作被动语态be seated。句子的主语指
人，所以用seat过去分词作状语，表示“闭着”状态形容词是closed，而close作形容词意思是“势均
力敌的、亲密的”不合题意，故选A。
38. 点拨：broken是break的过去分词，在句中作定语; have sth. done结构还可以表示“使主语遭受某种损
失”，故选D。
39. 点拨：像excite/ move/ disappoint/ frighten/ shock/ surprise等表示情感或心理活动的动词的现在分词多修
饰物，意思是“令人……”，过去分词多修饰人，意思是“感到……”，句中 make后用过去分词宾
语补足语修饰us，故选C。
40. 点拨：过去分词可以作表语，仍然保留有被动意义，根据语境get changed的意思是“换衣服”，故选
A。
