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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：表解过去分词作状语和定语与非谓语动词辨析+巩固训练
Part1：聚焦过去分词作状语和定语
【高考链接1】
【考例1】（2023▪全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for
everyone.
答案与解析：intended。考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作
定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重
要信息。
【考例2】（2022年浙江6月卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way
similar to that of _____ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
答案与解析：sighted。考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)
说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词
people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
【考例3】（2021浙江1月卷）Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the
countries (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
答案与解析：studied。考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男
性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓
语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，应该使用过去分词作定语。故填studied。
【高考链接2】
1. (XXXX上海卷) The rare fish, _________ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.
A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved
2.（XXXX·湖南卷）The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer
game .
A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected
3.（XXXX·天津卷）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated4.( XXXX全国卷II 11)Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。
A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
Keys: 1-4 ACBC
【点拨】题1考查的是过去分词作限制性定语；题2考查的是过去分词作非限制性定语；题3考查的是过
去分词作时间状语；题4考查的是过去分词作让步状语。
【用法归纳】
一、过去分词(短语)作状语用法：
项目 用法简析 例句
1. 过去分词作状语要求其逻辑主语应该 Worried about the journey, I was
和句子的主语保持一致。 unsettled for the first few days.
2. 通常过去分词在句中可以作时间状 1. The teacher came in, followed (and he
语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语和 was followed…) by a group of young
让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从 students.
句或并列句进行句型转换。
2. Much tired, he still kept on working. =
(Although he was tired,) he…
3. 表条件、时间、让步的状语从句主语 When (it is) heated, water can be
过去
与主句主语一致的时，若从句谓动是被 changed into steam.
分词 动语态，可以省略为“连词+过去分词”
作状 形式。
语 4. 有些过去分词已经转换成介词或连 1. Provided he is not here, what shall we
词，不要求与句子主语保持逻辑一致。 do?
如：介词given“鉴于、考虑到”；连词
2. Granted that he is absent，there is no
granted that “尽管，即使”，provided
excuse．
(that)“假如”。
5.with+n(pron)+Ved; n(pron)+Ved 分别是 The boy rushed into the classroom, his
with跟复合宾语和独立主格结构，其中 face covered with sweat.
的名词（代词）与过去分词是被动关
系。
二、过去分词 (短语) 作定语用法：
项目 用法简析 例句
1. 在语态上，表被动；在时间 1. Just click to answer the questions, and try
上，表示动作已经发生或完成， the suggested steps to solve the problem.
与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意
2. We need more qualified science worker s .
义）上的动宾关系。作定语的过
去分词一般由及物动词变来，因 3. The student dressed in red is my sister.
为只有及物动词才有被动意义。
4. At home we had the feeling that Wavell was
a tired man .
2. 也有用不及物动词的过去分词 1. The wind raised the fallen leaves from the
作定语的情况，一般作前置定 ground.
语，它不表示被动意义，只表示
过去 2. He said: "...of course, a newly risen moon
主动意义，强调动作完成。
is not full.分词
3. 单个过去分词应作前置定语， 1. Hurry up. We haven't much time left .
作定 但是left后置；过去分词短语作
2. Abraham Lincoln, the president loved
后置定语，相当于一个定语从
语 (=who was loved) by American people was
句 ； every/some/any/no+thing/
always close to the people."
body/one 所构成的复合代词或
those等要用后置定语。 3. There is noting changed here.
4. Among those invited were high officials.
4. 某些动词的过去分词的形式与 a drunken man(not drunk); a sunken ship
作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式 (not sunk); a lighted candle (not a lit)
不一样。
比较：She lit (lighted) a candle.
【即时演练】
用括号内所给单词的过去分词形式完成下列句子。
1. If ________(给机会). I'll do my best to meet your requirements and I am sure I'll be benefited in return. (give)
2. __________(由于对医学深感兴趣), she decided to become a doctor.（interest）
3. ______(从一个三十层楼的楼顶上看), Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
4. The problem _________ (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.(discuss)
5. Some of them, _________(在农村出生并长大), had never been to Beijing. (bear, bring up).
6. _________(鉴于他身体的整体情况)，it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (give)
7. He fell off a tall tree, _______(腿摔断了).(break)
8. _______(知母亲生病了时), Li Lei hurried home quickly.(tell)
9. _______(由于老师对他所做的事情很满意), the teacher praised him in class. (satisfy)
10. Some of the people _______(受邀请参加晚会) can’t come.（invite）
11. _____(一旦完工), this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.(complete)
12. The Olympic Games, _______( 首 次 在 公 元 前 776 年 举 行 ), did not include women competitors
until1912. (hold)
13. _______(所有坏了的窗户) have been repaired.(break)
14. Near the window, there is a________(装满书的书架). (fill)
15. A girl, ________(穿着像学生), came in and sat beside me. (dress)
16. The thief sat in the corner, with________________ (双手绑在椅子上）(die)
Keys:
1. given the opportunity 2. Deeply interested in medicine
3. Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building 4. discussed at the meeting yesterday
5. born and brought up in villages/countryside 6. Given the general state of his health
7. his leg broken 8. Told that his mother was ill9. Satisfied with what he did 10. invited to the party
11. Once completed 12. first held in 776 BC
13. All the broken windows 14. bookshelf filled with many books
15. dressed like a student 16. his hands tied to the chair
Part2：选“不定式”还是“分词或动名词”？
一、【高考链接1】
1. Simon made a big bamboo box _____ the little sick bird till it could fly. (XXXX四川)
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
2. More highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
（XXXX陕西）
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
3. He hurried to the booking office only ___ that all the tickets had been sold out.（XXXX陕西）
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
4. The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. (XXXX上海)
A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved
5. Look over there — there’s a very long, winding path _____ up to the house. (XXXX山东)
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
6. His first book _____ next month is based on a true story. (XXXX陕西)
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
7. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _____ for words. (XXXX浙江)
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
8. Listen! Do you hear someone _____ for help? (XXXX湖南)
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
9. The mother felt herself _____ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (XXXX上
海)
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
10. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ___ the answer ready will be of great help. （2005北京）
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
Keys: 1-5 DABAA 6-10 BBAAD【点拨】题1考查不定式作目的状语；题2考查现在分词作结果状语；题3考查不定式的被动形式作
结果状语；题4考查过去分词作后置定语；题5考查现在分词作定语；题6考查不定式的被动形式作后置
定语；题7考查过去分词作宾补；题8考查现在分词作宾补；题9考查无to的不定式作宾补；题10考查动
名词作主语。
【重点归纳】
1. 不定式在句中常作目的状语（如题1）、结果状语和原因状语；而分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）在
句中一般不作目的状语，但其它状语都可充当。作结果状语时，不定式表示出乎意料的结果（如题
3），而分词表示是自然的、意料之中的结果（如题2）。
2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作（如题6）；现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态（如
题5）；过去分词作定语表示完成和被动（如题4）。
3. 不定式作宾补表示一次性的动作或全过程（如题9）；现在分词作宾补表示正在进行的动作或存在的状
态（如题8）；过去分词作宾补常表示完成或被动，所表示的动作常和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，或者
表示存在的状态（如题7）。
4. 不定式作主语表示具体的动作，动名词作主语常表示经常性的或习惯性的动作（如题10）。
二、【高考链接2】
1. _____, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. (XXXX浙江)
A. Generally speaking B. On the contrary
C. In particular D. To be honest
2. Sandy could do nothing but ___ to his teacher he was wrong. (2001上海春)
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
Keys: 1-2 DA
【点拨】题1考查不定式的独立结构；题2考查do nothing but do …结构。
【重点归纳】
1. 不定式的独立结构在句中作状语 (如题1)，常见的独立结构还有：to be frank，to tell you the truth，to
make matters / things worse，to start with，to begin with，to sum up, to be sure等。
2. 不定式在一些特殊结构中常省略to (如题2)，常见的特殊结构还有：had better (not) do …，why not do
…，prefer to do … rather than do …，would rather do …，would rather do … than do …等。
【典型题例】
1. — Would you like to have a walk with me?
— I’d like (love) to / I’m glad (happy, pleased …) to (have a walk …).2. We asked him to stay till the next day, but he refused to (stay …).
3. — Has he done his homework?
— No, but he is going to (do …).
4. — Would you like to be a teacher?
— Yes, I’d like to be.
【重点归纳】
1. 不定式中的动词上文已出现，下文常常省略（如例1）。
2. 在want, like, wish, hope, try, forget, refuse, remember, prefer, promise, tell等动词后也常常省略上文中出现
的动词（如例2）。
3. 在have to, used to, be going to, ought to等词组后也常常省略上文中出现的动词（如例3）。
4. 不定式是to be结构时，be不能省略（如例4）。
三、【典型题例】非谓语动词 (短语) 作定语、状语和宾语补足语的辨析
1. a. The building built 300 years ago is still in good condition.
b. The building being built now will be our dining hall.
c. The boy reading over there is my little brother.
d. I have something important to do.
e. The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to deal with the rubbish in our school.
2. a. Given the right kind of training, these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
b. When crossing the street, you can not be too careful.
c. To take the first bus, he got up early.
d. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own foot.
3. a. Don’t leave your work unfinished.
b. Our teacher had us listening to the tape all the class.
c. I saw her go out of the room, lock the door and run away.
【指点迷津】
1. 过去分词（短语）作定语，和所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系，且往往指动作已经完成；现在分词（短
语）作定语，往往指动作正在进行，和所修饰名词之间有主谓关系或动宾关系；不定式（短语）作定
语，往往表示将来的动作，和所修饰名词之间有主谓关系或动宾关系。如第1组。
2. 过去分词（短语）作状语，分词动作和主语是逻辑上的动宾关系；现在分词（短语）作状语，分词动作
和主语是逻辑上的主谓关系；不定式（短语）只作目的、结果状语及原因状语。如第2组。3. 过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语，和宾语之间是动宾关系；现在分词（短语）作宾语补足语，和宾语之
间是主谓关系，表示正在进行或状态在持续；不定式（短语）作宾语补足语，表示一次性动作或全过
程，且往往省略to。如第3组。
Grammar quiz语法小测
I. 根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. He didn’t do anything but _________________ (每天读小说) during the winter holiday.
2. _________________ (使事情更糟的是), most children didn’t return home.
3. _________________ (为了避免再犯同样的错误), he wrote down the maths problems in his notebook and often
did them once more.
4. He hurried to the station, ______________ (结果被告诉) the train was late for about two hours.
5. I am sorry _________________ (让你等了这么长时间).
6. The landowner _________________ (让三个工人为他工作) all the year.
7. Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet, but his father ______________ (告诉他不要这样做).
8. It is difficult _________________ (让我在两个小时之内完成工作).
II. 从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1. — Let’s go to the movies after work, OK?
— ___
A. Not at all. B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it?
2. Rather than __________ boring TV shows, he always prefers __________ original novels.
A. watch; read B. watching; read
C. watch; to read D. to watch; reading
3. No time for sports, even music, _____ films and TV programs; all we students can see is exercises and exams at
present.
A. not mentioning B. not mention
C. not to mention D. to mention no
4. — So what did you buy?
— A T-shirt. It was a real bargain. I got it at half price, _____ 15 dollars.
A. saving B. saved C. to save D. save
5. What is the best way you can imagine _____ the overuse of water in our school?
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce6. My advisor encouraged _____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me to taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
7. — What are you busy with?
— The conference _____ in our city next week.
A. held B. will be held C. being held D. to be held
8. — Is that Mr Brown?
— Sorry, he is not in at the moment. Shall I have him _____ your call later?
A. return B. to be returned C. to return D. returning
9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
10. A new tax law, _____ the use of smaller engines in vehicles to reduce pollution and oil dependence, is under
consideration.
A. encourages B. to encourage C. encouraged D. encourage
Sentence drills 句型巡航
翻译高手
根据汉语和括号中的提示翻译下面的句子。
1. 每次去看望李老师时，她都给我们做丰盛的饭菜。(every time)
__________________________________________________________________
2. 除了懂一点俄语外，他的英语讲得很好。(as well as)
__________________________________________________________________
3. 这家公司得了和去年一样丰厚的利润。(the same … as)
________________________________________________________________________
4. 住在这个社区对我来说更方便点。(it is convenient …)
_______________________________________________________________________
5. 山顶上有一座约800年历史的寺庙。(倒装句)
6. 在结婚仅仅三个月之后他们就离婚了。(强调句)
Keys:语法小测
I. 1. read novels every day 2. To make things worse
3. To avoid making the same mistakes 4. only to be told
5. to have kept you waiting for such a long time 6. had three workers work for him
7. told him not to 8. for me to finish the work within two hours
II. 1-5 BCCAB 6-10 DDABB
句型巡航
1. Every time we go to see Mrs Li, she is always making a rich meal for us.
2. As well as knowing a little Russian, he speaks English very well.
3. The company made the same huge profit as they did last year.
4. It is more convenient for me to live in this community.
5. On the top of the mountain stands a temple with a history of about 800 years.
6. It was after only three months of marriage that they divorced.
