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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02 特殊句式之倒装句考点突破
考情速递
倒装句属于典型的特殊句式，其主谓位置颠倒。根据其倒装形式又可分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种形
式，该句式打破了考生对于句式的惯性思维。考点主要集中在：全部倒装与部分倒装区别；状语从句中的
倒装；only和否定副词或介词短语置于句首的倒装；虚拟语气中的部分倒装。本文根据历年高考对倒装结
构的考查整理出十一个考点，以飨考生。
考点透视
一、完全倒装三大考点
完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词，
且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时; ②主语只能是名词。分以下三种情况：
考点一、时间、地点等副词开头引起的全部倒装
以地点副词here, there，时间副词now, then，以及thus, hence开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall,
follow, go, lie, live, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。如：
There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了!
Once upon a time, there lived an old man who had two beautiful daughters.
从前，有一个老人，他有两个美丽的女儿。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。
Thus comes the modern civilization of industry, agriculture and science.
现代工业文明、农业和科学就是因此发展的。
【典题】没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。（than）（XXXX上海卷.翻译.3）
答案与解析：There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme.
据句意看出属于there be句型，是倒装句，主语是nothing，由than提示看出用more…than…结构的比较
级。
考点二、表示趋向的副词或地点状语置于句首引起的全部倒装
表示运动方向的down, up, in, out, away 等副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词且主语是
名词时使用完全倒装。如果表示方向的词后面不是名词，如代词，则不倒装。Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。如：
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
当听到有人喊叫，窃贼一下子从十楼跳了下来。
【考例1】Among the crises that face humans (be) the lack of natural resources. (改编自XXXX年上
海39)
答案与解析：is。句中的the lack of natural resources是主语，be动词用单数，再根据前面face看出是
一般现在时，所以用is。
【考例2】（XXXX重庆卷） At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one
of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
答案与解析：A。表示方位的地点状语提前时句子用完全倒装，前面是at引起的表示方位的介词短
语，句子的主语是Chongqing。故选A。句意是：在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处坐落着中国十大城市之一 ——
重庆。
考点三、与be动词一起的部分谓语前置引起的全部倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成全部倒装，即：(表
语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式) +主语……的结构。如：
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
【典题1】_____(presence) at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer.
【典题2】______ (sit) at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new
teacher.
【典题3】_____ (go) are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.
【典题 4】_____ (type) for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience
with word play.
答案与解析：四个句子中都有be动词，而且都是全部倒装结构。
1. Present。表语用形容词，句意是：出席会议的有经理，设计师和作家。
2. Sitting。sit是不及物动词，不可能用被动语态，根据句意用进行时ing形式，句意是：坐在教室后
面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。
3. Gone。表语用形容词，句意是：农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。
4. Typical。表语用形容词，意思是“典型的”，句意是：相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄
词藻来逗乐观众。二、部分倒装三大考点
考点四、否定词置于句首引起部分倒装
否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装。
常用否定词有not, never, no, neither, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere, no more, still less(更不
用说，更何况), no longer/at no time/on no account/ in no respect/ in no sense/by no means/ in no way/ under no
circumstances(决不)等。如：
【考例 1】Not once ________ (do) it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his
class. (改编自XXXX湖南35)
答案与解析：did。否定词置于句首要求用部分倒装结构，根据从句 could看出是一般过去时，助动词
用did。
【考例2】________ no time did they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (改
编自XXXX辽宁26)
答案与解析：At。根据部分倒装结构和后面句子的意思看出是否定意义，短语at no time意思是“决
不”。注意in no time意思是“立刻，马上”，不需要倒装。
【考例3】（XXXX陕西卷）Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
答案与解析：A。little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装。故选 A。句意是：尽管她
自身处境危险，但是她一点都不在乎自己的安危。
【考例4】（2018上海春考）Rarely (21)________I need to prepare family dinner every day.
答案：do
【考例 5】（2019·天津卷）The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use
mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare
答案与解析：A。考查部分倒装。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做
should do，敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂
上，决不应该使用手机。
考点五、only引起的部分倒装
以only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装。如：
【考例】_____ when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. (改编自XXXX·天津3)
答案与解析：Only。根据did she realize看出是部分倒装结构，并且when引导的是状语从句，可以推
出是only置于句首强调状语。注意如果 only置于句首强调的不是状语则不需要倒装，如:Only Tom can
solve the problem.。
考点六、so/neither/nor引起的部分倒装
so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时用倒装结构，即：so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态
动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。如：
【考例 1】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.
(XXXX重庆卷33)
【考例2】— I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
—So _____ I. I can’t stand all this rain. (改编自XXXX山东卷21)
答案与解析：am。根据I’m sick and…和I can’t stand all this rain知道I也是同样的感受，相当于I’m
sick and tired of this weather, too. 所以用am。
【考例3】（2019上海春考）让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公
园，从起居室也可以。(so)
答案与解析：What makes my parents very satisfied is that the dinning room of this flat can overlook the
Century Park across the street, so can its living room. so表示肯定意义“......也可以，也同样”，用部分倒装结
构。
三、状语从句中的部分倒装四大考点
考点七、as引导让步状语从句的倒装
as引导让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。结构为：
名词/形容词、副词+as (though)+主语+动词…。注意though倒装与否均可。如：
Much as I hope I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as before.
虽然我非常希望增加体重，但我仍然像以前一样的瘦。
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
【典题】Boy ______ he is, he can take care of himself and lives a completely independent life.
答案与解析：as/though。根据boy没有冠词和前后的让步关系确定用as，此处也可以用though，注意:
as引导的让步状语从句如果是系表结构，表语是可数名词单数时不用冠词。考点八、虚拟条件句中的倒装
虚拟条件句省略 if 时, 从句中的were, should, had需置于句首，用部分倒装。如：
Were I a bird, I could fly free in the sky .如果我是一只鸟，我就能在天空里自由飞翔。
【考例1】______ there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from
around the world. (改编自XXXX福建卷32)
答案与解析：Were。根据would看出是虚拟语气，再根据there和句意看出是there be句型，省掉if用
部分到装。
【考例 2】________ he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. (改编自
XXXX天津卷15)
答案与解析：Had。根据would not have been看出是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，
构成过去完成时的助动词had置于句首，省掉if用部分到装。
【考例3】This printer is of good quality. ______ it break down within the first year,we would repair it. 改编
自XXXX天津卷)
答案与解析：Should。根据would看出是虚拟假设，相当于if it should break down，表示与将来事实相
反的假设，省掉if用部分到装。
【考例4】（2017·江苏卷）_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her
difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
答案与解析：B。考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要
是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支
持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
考点九、so…that…结果状语从句的部分倒装
该句型的so…置于句首，即So adj./adv…that…时，此时so引导的句子用部分倒装，而that引导的句
子不倒装。
【典题】______ clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
答案与解析：So。根据句子前后的因果关系和that看出属于so…that句型，再根据主句部分倒装结构
和副词clearly确定用So。
考点十、时间状语从句的部分倒装hardly/scarcely….when…, no sooner…than…, not until中的否定副词置于句首时，主句部分用部分用部
分倒装结构。
【考例1】No _______ had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
(改编自XXXX陕西卷17)
答案与解析：sooner。根据than和no提示看出是no sooner…than…结构。
【考例2】Not _________ he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is
important. (改编自XXXX福建34)
答案与解析：until。根据后面的部分倒装did he realize，结合句意和Not看出是not until句型。
【考例3】（XXXX江西卷）Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for
him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
答案与解析： A。not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 句中的begin发生在left之后或同时发生，不用完
成时。故选Ａ。句意是：直到他离开家，才知道家庭对他是多么重要。
四、并列句部分倒装考点
考点十一、not only…but also…引起的部分倒装
not only…but also…用来并列两个句子时，前一个分句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，后一分句不变。
【考例1】Not _____ do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. (改编自XXXX全
国大纲卷26)
答案与解析：only。后一分句的as well意思相当于but also，再根据not和前一分句的部分倒装结构看
出是not only…but also…句型。
【考例2】（2017 上海春考）Not only ____________the writers speak with people who study culture and
group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers
答案与解析：did。根据题干的not only...but also和句子结构看出是并列两个分句，因此前一个分句需
要用部分倒装结构，再根据后一分句的谓语动词talked的时态看出是一般过去时。故填did。
附件：为了便于对倒装句的整体把握，参见下表：
表一：完全倒装结构：
项目 用法简析 例题(句)
there引出完全倒装句，除最常见的 考例：(XXXX·陕西卷) John opened the door. There _____
there be 句型外，还可接 appear, he had never seen before.
exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
等，一般都译成“有”的含义。
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl考例： (XXXX·江苏卷) ---Is everyone here?---Not yet.
Look, there_______ the rest of our guests!
完 全
倒 装 A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
结构
为了使描绘的生动，表示方向的副 典题：Up went the prices and ______.
词up，down，out，in，away等放
A. the living standard came down
在句首时句子要完全倒装。注意不
用进行时态，如果主语是代词则主 B. came down the living standard
谓不倒装。
C. down the living standard came
D. down came the living standard
有些句子没有宾语，而句子的主语 考例 1：（XXXX·重庆卷）At the meeting place of the
又比较长时，可以把作状语时间的 Yangtze River and Jialing River , one of the largest cities
副词(now, then)、地点的副词(here, in China.
there)和地点的介词等提前，后面
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
用完全倒装，代词主语不倒装。
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
表二：部分倒装结构：
项目 用法简析 例题(句)
构成疑问句通常须使用倒装 When are we going to drink to your happiness?
结构，这是语法结构的需 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
要。
直接引语位于句首时，引述 “Great!” said my father.” "I'll go there.”
分句的主语是名词常用倒装
“What do you mean?” he asked.
结构，是代词则主谓不倒
装。
在if引导的含有should, had, 考例：(XXXX·湖北卷) Had he her promise, she would
were虚拟条件句中，如果省 have made it to Yale University.
略 if 后，则把 should, had,
A. looked up to B. lived up to
were 提至句首形成部分倒
装。 C. kept up with D. come up with
作状语的含有否定意义的词 考例：(XXXX·四川卷) Not until I came home last night ________
或短语放在句首(包括从句句 to bed.
首)时，这些否定副词有
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go
barely，hardly，little，few,
部 分 seldom，never，rarely，no C. went Mum D. Mum went
倒 装 more，nor，not，neither，
考例：(XXXX·陕西卷) Little ______about her own safety, though
结构 nowhere ， no longer, not
she was in great danger herself.
until…等。
A. did Rose care B. Rose did care
C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
考例：(XXXX·福建卷) ---- It’s nice. Never before such a
special drink!
----I’m glad you like it.
A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I
表“决不”的介词短语by no At no time/Under no circumstances/By no means/In no case
means, on no account, in no will China first use nuclear weapons. 中国决不首先使用核武器。
case，under no circumstances,,in no way, at no time置于句首
时。
表示“一…就…”hardly/ 考例：(XXXX·天津卷) --- Did Linda see the traffic accident?
scarcely…when，no sooner…
--- No, no sooner _____ than it happened.
than 中 hardly/scarcely 和 no
sooner 置于句首时，通常主 A. had she gone B. she had gone
句部分要用过去完成时，从
C. has she gone D. she has gone
句谓动用一般过去时。
“only + 状语”放在句首, 如 考例：(XXXX·湖南卷) Only after they had discussed the matter for
果置于句首的only修饰的不 several hours _______a decision.
是状语则不倒装。
A. they reached B. did they reach
C. they reach D. do they reach
考例： (XXXX·全国新课标卷) Only when he reached the tea-
house it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he
realize
not only…but also…并列两个 考例：(XXXX·江西卷)Not until he left his home _____
分句时，前一个分句用部分 to know how important the family was for him.
倒装。
A. did he begin B. had he begun
C. he began D. he has began
so+a./ad. 以 及 to such a 考例：(XXXX·上海卷) So much of interest ___ that most visitors
degree，to such an extent, to simply run out of time before seeing it all.
such a point放在句首，表示
A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers
程度，句子(主句)要部分倒
装。 C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer
考例： (XXXX·山东卷) So sudden ________that the enemy had no
time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did
C. was the attack D. the attack was
有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等 May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
语气的句子，也可使用倒装
Long live Chairman Mao! 毛主席万岁！
结构。
【即时演练】根据汉语提示用倒装句结构补全下列句子。
1. It takes longer for a special order, but _______(绝不会超过六个月). (in no case)
2. Only when a great deal more information has been obtained, _______(才有可能筹划载人的火星之行). (plan)
3. ________(火车开得非常之快) that he could not jump on. (So+adv)
4. He went fishing yesterday, ________(他的妈妈也去了). (so do…)
5. ________(日子一去不复返了) we Chinese used foreign oil.(gone)
6. ________(他一听到这个消息) when he burst into tears. (hardly)
7. Once__________(住着一位老渔夫) in a village by the sea. (there)8. _________(尽管他还是个孩子), he can speak three foreign languages fluently. (as/though)
9. Look! ______(有个穿黑色衣服的人) in the distance.(there)
10. ________(不仅他所拥有的一切被剥夺了), but also his German citizenship, (take away)
Keys:
1. in no case will it take longer than six months 2. will it be possible to plan a manned trip to Mars
3. So fast was the train moving 4. and so did his mother
5. Gone are the days when 6. Hardly had he heard the news
7. there lived an old fisherman 8. Boy as/though he is
9. There seems to be a man in black 10. Not only was everything he had was taken away
