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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：数词考点全解读+巩固训练
[名词考题展示]
【考题1】（2023▪全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-
known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century, B．C．
答案与解析：sixth。考查序数词。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。句意：寓言是许
多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。
【考题2】（2021新高考II卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade,I started
volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
答案与解析：seventh。考查数词。表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。句意：七年级的时候，
我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。
[命题热点]
数词有基数词和序数词两种。需要掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年
龄、序号的基本用法。掌握不定数量词、约数的数词的表达方法。
考点一、编号表示法
通常有两种表达方法，即：
用基数词时是：基数词+阿拉伯数字+名词 如： World War I/ page 8/ Room 109…
用序数词时是：the+序数词+阿拉伯数字 +名词 如：the First World War
如：1)We are going to learn ______ next week.
*A. Lesson Twelve B. Lesson Twelfth
C. Twelfth Lesson D. the Lesson Twelfth
2)He is a student of ____.
A. Class First B. the Class One *C. Class One D. First Class
考点二、分数表达法
分母用序数词，分子用基数词。如果分子大于一，那么分母的序数词要用复数形式，表示二分之一可
以用a/one half，四分之一可以用a/one quarter, 有整数部分时用“整数+and+分数部分”。如：
1) He did it _____it took me.
A. one—third a time B. one—third timeC. the one--third time *D. one—third the time
点拨：D. it took me是定语从句，其前省略了关系代词that,因有定语从句限制，time之前应加
定冠词，表示特指；one—third the time意为“三分之一的时间”。题意：他做此事所用时间是
我的三分之一。
2) ______ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth… is B. Two fifth…are
*C. Two fifths…is D. Two fifths…are
点拨：C 点拨：当分子大于１，所以分母要用复数；“分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词应与名
词保持人称和数的一致。
1/ A/one third 2/3 two thirds two and two thirds
3
1/ a/one fourth 3/4 three fourths ten and three fourths
4
a/one quarter three quarters ten and three quarters
1/ a/one fifth 2/7 two fifths three and two fifths
5
1/ a/one sixth 5/9 five sixths twelve and three
6 quarters
考点三、年代与几十几岁表示法
通常是把逢十的基数词用作复数形式, 表示年代的数词前用定冠词，表示岁数的数词前用形容词性物
主代词。如：
1、表示年代的范例：
1）This story took place in the 1860s. 这个故事发生在十九世纪的六十年代。
2) It is not rare in _____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for
further education.
A. 90s…the B. the 90s…/ C. 90s…their *D. the 90s…their
点拨：前者表示年代，后者表示在几十几岁时，同时要考虑到冠词与物主代词在两种表达里的区
别。
2、表示几十几岁的范例：
1）She went to Cambridge University in her early twenties.
她在二十刚出头时就上了牛津大学。
2） The hero of the story is an artist in his _________.
A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirty’s *D. thirties3）He looked quite healthy though he was _____.
A. in seventy B. in his seventy C. at seventies *D. at the age of seventy
点拨：表示“在某人几十几岁”所用的结构是：in one’s thirties (sixties, eighties…) ,
基数词用复数。故选D。
注意：表示岁数“十几岁”用in one’s teens，不要写成in one tens，这与in one’s twenties/
in one’s thirties等不同。
考点四、约数表示法
有时数目不确定，就会用到一些表示“大约、左右、多于或少于”的表达方式。常见的有：
1、表示“大约”可以用about/ some/ around/ nearly/ something like/ more or less, 用or so
表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。 如：
1） The man in rags is about/ some sixty years old.
The man in rags is sixty years or so.
衣衫褴褛的那个男子的大约有六十岁(六十岁左右)。
2） Peter is something like thirty. 皮特大约有三十岁。
2、“多于、超过”用more than/ over/ above；“少于、不超过”用less than
She was more than/less than forty when she got married.
她结婚时有四十多岁。(她结婚时不到四十岁。)
3、其它
半 half a day= a half day; half an hour= a half hour
一个半 a day and a half;= one and a half days
两个半 two days and a half= two and a half days
一两个（天…） one or two days= a day or two
两三 a couple of days(weeks, apples…) 两三天（周、个苹果…）
三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and again; over and over
again; time after time
三年五载 from three to five years; in a few years
三三两两 in twos and threes; in knots
三天两头 every other day; almost every day
三五成群 in threes and fours; in knots
三言两语 in a few words; in one or two words
三心二意 be of two minds; be half-hearted
乱七八糟 at sixes and sevens; in great disorder考点五、倍数表达法（见形容词一章的比较级）
考点六、score/dozen/ hundred等
1、score “二十”,与具体数词连用时用单数，本身用作复数的意思是“许多、好几十”；、
dozen“十二”,基本同score。如：
Shortly after the accident, two _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of *D. dozen
2、hundred或thousand, million等与score用法相同。如：
1）Two _____ died of old last night.
A. hundreds old people *B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
2） ______ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.
*A. Several million B. Many millions
C. Several millions D. Many million
点拨：million, thousand, hundred等词与具体数词连用不可用复数，如表泛指“许多”可用
复数，但后接名词时需加介词of, several（some）等可用于其前以加强语气。故选A。
考点七、序数词与冠词
在序数词前通常用定冠词the， 但是1) 当序数词不强调顺序时用“不定冠词a(an)+序数词”,
意思是“又、再”，相当于again或another。2) 当序数词作状语时，通常省去前面的冠词如：
1）What do we do first? 我们先做什么？
2）During a second trip to the USA in 1912, an important film director saw Chaplin
acting a very funny part in a play.
在一九一二年卓别林再一次去美国期间，一位重要的电影导演看见他在一部戏里扮演一个非常滑
稽的角色。
巩固练习
1. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced in 2023 as the year
before.
A. as twice many machines B. twice many as machines
C. twice as many machines D. as many machines twice2. of young people have devoted themselves to the socialist construction.
A. Hundred million B. Hundreds of million
C. Hundred of million D. Hundreds of millions
3. ---How much is seven eleven?
---It’s eighteen.
A. plus B. divided by C. minus D. times
4. The train will leave at 4:45，that is ________.
A. four forty-five B. forty-five of four
C. a quarter past five D. a quarter to four
5. She is now in year of age.
A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth D. the twenty
6. China is larger than the United States.
A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths
7. ---What did the teacher tell you to do ?
---He told me to write a composition.
A. two- thousand- word B. two- thousand-words
C. two- thousands- words D. two-thousands-word
8.Shortly after the accident, two police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of
9. ________ dollars will go into the building of the cinema.
A. Four millions B. Four millions of C. Four million of D. millions of
10. of the area covered by trees?
A. Three-fourths; are B. Three-fourth; are C. Three-fourths; is D. Three-fourth; is
11. The seagull eaten up locusts in a short time.
A. two hundred of B. several hundreds of C. two hundreds D. hundred of
12. The paragraphs went smoothly.
A. one fifth B. first one C. first four D. two-thirds
13.The war broke out in .
A. 1930’S B. the 1930s C. the 1930 D.1930s
14. In his ,Marx began to learn Russian.
A. fifty B. fifties C. fifty year D. fifties years
15.The tree is as tall as a building.A. two-storeys B. two-strories C. two-storeyed D. two-storeying
16.Perhaps we can, just , use what we have to get a new dress for you.
A. this once B. for just once C. only once D. for once.
17. of the population here are farmers.
A. 40 percents B. 40 percent C. the 40 percent D. the 40 percents
18.She came out in the truck events.
A. first B. one C, the first D. the one
19.I’m studying at .
A. 15 Middle School B. the 15 Middle School
C. 15 No. Middle School D. N0. 15 Middle School.
20. Flight BA123 to Vienna is now boarding at .
A. Gate 21 B. 21th Gate C. Gate 21st D.21st Gate
21.---How long will you stay here?
--- .
A. Two and half weeks B. Two and a half week
C. Two weeks and a half D. A half and two week
22.We’ll build out country into a powerful socialist country with four modernizations by
the end of .
A. twenty century B. twenty centuries
C. the twentieth century D. the twentieth centuries
23.There were a arranges in the bowl but you’ve eaten every single one.
A. score B. several C. couple D. dozen
24.Our school is from here.
A. a mile and half B. half and mile
C. a half and a mile D. a mile and a half
25. ---What date is it?
--- It’s .
A. the July fourth B. the fourth of July
C. of July the fourth D. fourth July
26. China is ______ larger than the United States.
A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one
27. _______ cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps.A. The hundredth B. A hundredth C. Hundredth D. The hundred
28. I need _____ cloth, for I’m going to make ___ clothes.
A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot of
29. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took
_______pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of
30. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____of desert _______covered the land.
A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have
参考答案与点拨：
KEY：1-5 CDAAC 6-10 BACDC 11-15 BCBBC 16-20 ABADA 21-25 CCDDB 26-30 BAABB
1． C 在表示倍数的句式中倍数应放在比较等级之前，题中有as the year before。
2． D hundred, million, thousand等用作名词时，表示不定数目须注意三点：其前不能用数词，至
多只用some；本身用复数形式，表示不定的约数；其后跟of+名词复数（代词）。
3． A 根据题意只能选A。
4． A
5． C 序数词作year的定语，前面要用定冠词。
6． B 分数的表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，分母用复数。
7． A 由复数＋名词结构作定语时，该名词不用复数形式，而通常用连字符。
8． C hundred, thousand , million , dozen, score等作定语时不用复数，作名词用时后有短语时
用复数，前面不再有数量词，表约数。
9． D 基数词作定语一般不用复数形式，也不用短语，但表示约数时可用millions of等。
10 C 主语中心词area是不可数名词，谓语应用单数。
11．B hundreds of 前可有some, several等表示不确定数目的词。
12．C 指文章的前四段，序数词应位于基数词前。
13．B 在二十世纪三十年代，正确的表达形式应为the 1930s/1930’s
14．B 在某人几十多岁时正确表达为:one’s＋整十位数的复数。
15．C 此题是“基数词＋名词ed”结构的一类复合形容词作定语。
16．A this once就这一次，只能这一次。
17．B percent百分数作修饰语，前面不加定冠词，也不用复数。
18．A first起副词作用，意为“取得第一名”，在此无冠词。19．D 第15中学，只有D正确。
20．A 编号在后用基数词，且名词前不用定冠词，编号在前用序数词，序数词用定冠词修饰。
21．C 表示“两周半”有两种方式：two weeks and a half / two and a half weeks.
22．C 序数词修饰名词前须加定冠词，二十世纪只能表示为C。
23．D 只有a dozen后可直接接名词。
24．D
25．B 本题问日期，回答时用序数词前加定冠词。
26. B
27. A 序数词与定冠词作定语与定冠词the连用。
28. A cloth”布料”是不可数名词，可以同much或a lot of修饰，clothes 是名词的复数，但是不可
以与具体数词连用，可以用many等词修饰，故选A。
29. B masses of意为“大量的”其后接可数名词复数或不可数名词；a large amount of之后只能接不
可数名词；the number of意为“……的数量”；many of后接特指名词或代词表示“……中的许
多”。
30. B 因desert此处用作不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式has covered; a large quantity of后既
可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，而a large number of后只能接可数名词。
