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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：09 高考热点句型考点设置解密(3-3)
在高考试题中，有的试题表面上看是考查某种特定语法或词汇用法，实际上是在考查
特定的句型。笔者通过对各地英语试题中有关句型考点的研究，归纳出在考题中出现频率
较高的高考热点句型。为了便于比较，采用相对集中的方式把相关句型进行归类，希望通
过归纳、对比、分析，对句型考点有更深的认识。
十三、表示“花费”金钱和“花”时间的句式
表示“花”时间或金钱可以用动词spend, take, cost等表示，也有根据动词意思意译为
花费的意思，像pay和buy本身是“付”和“买”的意思，但是根据语境也可以翻译为
“花费”的意思。常用结构：
1. Sb. spend time/money (in) doings sth.
2. Sb. spend time/money on sth.
3. It take sb. time to do sth.
4. sth. cost sb. money.
5. Sb. pay money for sth.
6. Sb. buy sth. for money
考点设置：①动词spend表示“花费”与“度过”区别；②介词in与on用法；③动词
pay与buy宾语区别；④不定式与动名词区别；⑤形式主语it用法；⑥动词spend, cost, take
辨析
【考例1】(XXXX重庆卷) —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______.
A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write
【考例 2】(XXXX 湖北卷)______（我花了）one thousand dollars to buy the painting last
week.（cost）
Key: It cost me
【考例3】(XXXX江西卷)It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and
illness .
A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made
【考例4】（XXXX上海卷）According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours aweek _____ TV.
A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch
【考例5】（XXXX上海卷）Some passengers complain that it usually _______ so long to fill
in travel insurance documents.
A. costs B. takes C. spends D. spares
十四、“连词+分词”和“连词+不定式”句式
虽然两者结构上比较相似，但是语法意义差别很大。“连词+分词”结构在句中作状
语，有“连词+现在分词”和“连词+过去分词”两种形式，通常当状语从句的主语与主句
的主语一致的时候，可以把状语从句的主语省掉，从句如果是主动语态就用“连词+现在
分词”，如果是被动语态就用“连词+过去分词”。“连词+动词不定式”是名词性的结
构，在句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分，而且不定式通常用一般式，其中用于该结构的连
词有what, which, where, when, whether, who, how等。常用结构：
1. 连词+done…
2. 连词+doing…
3. …连词+to do…
考点设置：①连词用法辨析；②不定式与动名词区别；③作状语的非谓语动词与句子
主语的逻辑关系；④现在分词与过去分词区别
【考例1】(XXXX安徽卷) When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he
found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked
【考例2】(XXXX全国卷) Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art
forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to
【考例3】(XXXX陕西jaundice) All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise,
date from the 1950s.
A. unless B. until C. once D. if
【考例 4】( XXXX 全国卷 II 11).Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm
welcome。
A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
【考例5】（XXXX辽宁卷）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach toread first.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
【考例6】(XXXX四川卷）He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
【考例7】(XXXXNMET) It is said in Australia there is more land than the government
knows ____.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
【考例8】(XXXXNMET) I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my
new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
【考例9】(XXXXNMET) The mother didn’t know _____ to blame for the broken glass
as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
【考例10】（XXXX四川卷）The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every
day.
A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water
【考例 11】（XXXX 全国卷I）We all know that, __________, the situation will get
worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
【考例12】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can
improve our health.
A．being carried out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
【考例13】.（XXXX·湖南长沙一中第一次月考）35．If carefully, the experiment
will be successful．
A．do B．does C．done D．doing
十五、 表示“如此……以至于……”so/such…that…句型
句型中的so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；such是形容词，修饰名词。其中so和such
置于句首还会引起部分倒装。有时候用作为副词的that代替so。常用结构：1. so+ adv./adj.+ that …
2. so+ adj.+ a(n) +可数名词单数 +that…= such+ a(n) +adj.+ 可数名词单数 +that…
3. such +adj +可数名词复数/不可数名词+that…
4. so+ many /few+可数名词复数+that…
5. so+ little/much) +不可数名词+that…
6. So+adj./adv+助动词+主语+动词+…that…
7. that+ adv./adj.+ that …
考点设置：①so与such区别；②冠词位置；③连词that用法；④倒装结构；⑤名词的
修饰词；⑥so与very或too辨析
【考例1】(XXXX山东卷) So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
【考例2】(XXXX江苏卷) about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to
Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
【考例3】(XXXX陕西卷) that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
【考例 4】（XXXX 上海高考）We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline
tickets．
A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rush
C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
【考例5】（XXXX·浙江温州八校返校联考）________ homework did I have to do that I had
to stay up late．
A．So much B．Too much C．Too little D．So little
【考例6】（XXXX·福建福州三中第一次月考）57． that Maric was able to set up new
branches elsewhere.
A．So successful her business was B．So successful was her business
C．So her business was successful D．So was her successful business
【考例7】【XXXX云南省部分名校 一次统考】______ at the news that her eyes rained
tears.A. So was Rebecca sad B. So sad was Rebecca
C. So sad Rebecca was D. Was Rebecca so sad
十六、 有关it的几个句型
it作为形式主语或形式宾语时可以代替动词不定式、动名词或者从句，在一些句子中
已经成为固定的用法。常用结构：
1. owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
2. take it for granted that …想当然
3. keep it in mind that…
4. enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, appreciate,
stand it+从句
5. It’s no use doing sth.
6. find/make… it +adj+to do sth./that…
7. It is/was a waste + doing
8. It is/was no good/use + doing
9. It is/was worthwhile + doing
考点设置：①it作形式宾语或形式主语用法；②动词词义辨析；④名词词义辨析；⑤不
定式与动名词用法区别
【考例 1】(XXXX 四川卷) Ne technologies have made _____ possible to turn out new
products faster and at a lower cost.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【考例2】(XXXX陕西卷) No matter where he is, he makes ____ a rule to go for a walk before
breakfast.
A. him B. this C. that D. it
【考例3】(XXXX上海卷) It’s no use ____________ without taking action.
A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained
【考例 4】(XXXX 全国卷 I) I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and
bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
【考例5】(XXXX上海卷) I would appreciate it_____ you call back this afternoon for the
doctor’s appointment.A. until B. if C. when D. that
【考例6】(1998上海卷) Don’t ______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance
examination will prove to be most successful.
A. take as granted B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted D. take it for granted
十七、 有关whether的几个句型
whether表示“是否”引导名词性从句，可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位
语从句，表示没有决定的事情，悬而未决的问题等。常用结构：
1. have no idea/don't know whether 不知道是否……
2. I doubt/wonder whether 我怀疑是否……
3. It is to be decided whether 是否……有待于决定
4. It is not decided whether 是否……还没决定
5. It doesn't matter whether 是否……并没有关系
6. It makes no difference whether 是否……没关系
7. It is not made clear whether 是否……还不清楚
8. It is still a question whether 是否……仍然是一个问题
9. It is to be found out whether 是否……有待于发现
10. It depends on whether... 这取决于……是否…….
考点设置：①it用法；②whether用法；③词语用法
【考例1】(XXXX湖南卷) Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you
have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how C. whether D. when
【考例2】（XXXX·重庆卷）It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should
be replaced with a modern hotel or not.【A】
A. Whether B. when C. which D. where
【考例3】(XXXX上海卷) It is not immediately clear _______ the financial crisis will soon be
over.
A. since B. what C. when D. whether
【考例4】(XXXX上海春招卷)What the doctors really doubt is __________ my mother will
recover from the serious disease soon.A．when B．how C．whether D．why
【考例5】(XXXX山东卷) It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how B. whether C. what D. why
【考例6】(XXXX天津卷) It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both
roads lead to the park.
A. whether B. how C. if D. when
十八、 有关time的几个句型
time可以表示时间，也可以表示次数。常用结构：
1. It's time for sth.
2. It's time for sb. to do sth.
3. It is (high) time that sb. did (should do) sth. 该„„的时候了
4. It is／was the first／last／second／third time ＋从句（完成时态）
5. the first time/(the) next time/ the last time引导状语从句
6. each time/every time引导状语从句
7. by the time + 从句
考点设置：①it用法；②动词不定式；③动词时态；④连词用法；⑤虚拟语气；⑥动
词不定式；⑦名词作连词用；⑧短语介词作连词用；⑨不定式用法
【考例1】(XXXX辽宁卷) Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ something instead
of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
【考例 2】（XXXX·辽宁卷）By the time Jack returned home from England, his son.
from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been D. had graduated
【考例3】（XXXX山东卷）By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it’ll be too late for
him to do anything about it.
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
【考例4】（XXXX北京卷）When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak,
but by the time we ______ up, her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang
【考例5】（XXXX陕西卷）This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as afamily.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
十九、 表示“宁愿”的句型
would rather的意思是“宁愿”，是情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示“不愿”作的事情
用than do sth. 表示；如果would rather后跟句子，则谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。prefer是
及物动词，可以跟动名词或不定式作宾语，分别跟介词 to或rather than…表示“宁愿做某
事，不愿意做另外一件事”。 常用结构：
1. would rather do A than do B
2. would do A rather than do B
3. would rather sb. did sth.
4. prefer to do A rather than do
5. prefer doing A to doing B
考点设置：①情态动词用法；②动词不定式；③动名词；④不定式to 的省略用法；⑤
介词to用法；⑥肯定形式表示被动意义；⑦虚拟语气
【考例1】（XXXX江苏卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d
rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
【考例2】（XXXX福建）I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,_______?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t D. didn’t she
【考例3】（XXXX天津卷）I prefer a flat in Inverness to ______in Perth, because I want to
live near my Mom' s.
A. one B. that C. it D. this
【考例4】(XXXX上海) ---Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
---____.
A. I'd rather you didn't, actually. B. Of course not, it's not allowed there.
C. Great! I love pets. D. No, you can't.
