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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：时态、语态、主谓一致四组专项巩固练习与答案解析
【第一组】
1.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
2.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
70 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
3.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence
of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
4.（2023全国甲卷）In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more
meaningful to me.
5.（2023全国甲卷）I used to _______ afraid of insects, but last Friday’s biology class _____ (make) a big
change in me.
6.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _________ (be)
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to
increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
7.（2022新高考II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
8.（2022新高考II卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _________ (throw) his
tools aside, and started running, arms out.
9.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
10.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _________ (address) the opening
ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, ...It can help to build a community with a shared
future for mankind,” he said.
11.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her
wallet!
12.（2022北京卷）This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally _________ (have)
no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell
associated with danger.13.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
14.（2022浙江1月卷）But Cobb and others _________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to
provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with
the climate change crisis.
15.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of
them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
16.（2021 新高考 I 卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it
_________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
17.（2021新高考II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the
biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
18.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old
and shaky but did the job.
19.（2020 新高考）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core
collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.
20.（2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese
moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案与解析】
1. wished。考查动词时态。缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的
grew可知用一般过去时。
2.be employed。考查语态。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态
动词can后接动词原形。
3.was amazed。考查时态和语态。根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。
4.becomes。考查时态和主谓一致。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。
5.to; made 表示“害怕……”短语为be afraid of，此处为used to do sth.。故to后添加be。事情发生在上周
五，故用一般过去时made。
6. were 考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在 that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为 a significant
number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根
据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。
7.was fixing。考查动词时态。根据when he heard the screams可知动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。
8.threw。考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。
throw过去时为threw。
9. has walked。考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the last five years可知此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第
三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
10.addressed。考查时态。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
11.caught。考查动词时态。结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填
caught。
12.has。考查主谓一致。本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的
统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
13.has increased。根据since 2019可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动
词用has。故填has increased。
14.are。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
15.have promised。考查时态。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填 have
promised。
16.was。考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。
17.was考查时态和主谓一致。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般
过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
18.hired。考查动词时态。此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，
谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
19.formed。考查动词时态。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填
formed。
20. touched。考查动词时态及语态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月
亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去
时，故填touched。
【第二组】
1. (XXXX安徽)Daniel's family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying
2.（XXXX安徽卷）-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?-----Yes, I did. You know, my brother ________ in the match.
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played
3. (XXXX安徽卷）I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
4. (XXXX合肥三模) This kind of ball pen which ____ smoothly is quite popular with students.
A. is written B. writing C, written D. writes
5. (XXXX福建) --Why does the Lake smell terrible?
--Because large quantities of water .
A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
6. (XXXX全国II) If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.
A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing
7. (XXXX全国卷.I) The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.
A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell
8. (合肥二模) I caught a bad cold the other day and my weekend .
A has ruined B had ruined C has been ruined D had been ruined
9. (XXXX湖南) Would you please keep silent? The weather report ______ and I want to listen.
A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast
C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast
10. (XXXX北京) Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to considered
【答案与解析】
1. 解析：D。关键抓住时间状语的提示，next week体现将来，this time体现进行，在一起就是将来进
行时。故选D。
2.解析：B。根据句意知道弟弟在昨天的那场比赛中打球，表示的是在比赛这一时间段内一直进行的动
作，用过去进行时。故选B。
3. 解析：D。主语they指的是these English songs，而“这些英语歌曲”是“教”的对象，即主谓之间是
动宾关系，用被动语态，排除A、B。由时间状语many times看出表示从过去到说话时已经教了好多遍，
是现在完成时，用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
4.解析：D。关键词smoothly是对圆珠笔的特性进行描述，再由“受学生欢迎”的事实可以说明
这种圆珠笔“写起来”流畅，write用主动表示被动，说明写起来的效果。故选D。
5.解析：D。本题考查主谓一致和动词的时态与语态问题。quantities of意思是“大量的”，作为主语时谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of作为主语时，谓语动词用单数，排除B,C。主语quantities of water与谓
语动词pollute是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时被动语态形式。故选D。
6. 解析：A。根据条件从句“如果他们的营销计划成功了”知道目前计划是否成功还不知道，所以主
句所说的“销售量提高到20%”是将来的事情，用一般将来时。故选A。
7. 解析：C。句中的they指的是flowers，与sell之间是动宾关系，所以谓语动词用被动形式，排除主动形
式A、D。根据题意知道sell不可能发生在主句的谓语动词之前。故选C。
8. 解析：C。主语my weekend是谓语动词ruin“毁坏”动作对象，用被动语态。Be ruined动作发生在
caught a bad cold之后，所以用现在完成时。故选C。
9. 解析：B。根据“我想听”的提示知道broadcast的动作正在进行，主语weather report“天气预报”
是broadcast“播放”的动作对象，所以用现在进行时被动语态。故选B。
10. 解析：B。由“她失业”可知从失业到现在“一直在考虑重回学校的事”，体现出了现在完成时，
而转折词but又强调“现在还没有决定”，也就是说“还要考虑下去”，所以是现在完成进行时。故选
B。
【第三组】
1.---- When _____ he come？
----- I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.
A. does, comes B. will, will come C. does, will come D. will, comes
2. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.
A. had rang； was B. has rung； was
C. rang； has been D. has been ringing；is
3. It’s good that we _____ him the truth just now because he is going to try again.
A. don’t tell B. hadn’t told C. didn’t tell D. wasn’t telling
4. Since he joined the Party, he ______ more important contributions to our country.
A. had made B. was making C. made D. has made
5. The disabled _______ more attention to by our government in the past few years.
A. has been paid B. have paid C. have been paid D. has paid
6 ---- I _____ his telephone number.
---- I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.
A. forget；forget B. forgot； forgot C. forget； forgot D. forgot；forget
7. — Did he ask you about our work?—Yes, I told him that preparations ________ by six o’clock.
A. would have finished B. would have been finished
C. had finished D. will have been finished
8. At the end of their meeting, it _______ that an agreement _______.
A. had been announced; will be reached B. announced; had been reached
C. was announced; had been reached D. was announced; had reached
9. ―Why? Where is the key to the sound lab?
―Dear me! You _______ it in the taxi！
A. have never left B. never left C. haven’t left D. didn’t leave
10. —What were you up to when she dropped in?
—I _________ for a while and __________ some reading.
A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did
C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did
11. Tom ___ into the house when no one ________.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked.
12. It ________ long before we _______ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. will not be; know C. is; will know D. is; know
13. Strange enough, a pair of new trousers_____ among the rubbish.
A. were found B. was found C. has found D. have found
14. — Can I help you, Madam?
— No, thanks. I_______.
A. have just looked around B. just look around
C. just looked around D. am just looking around
15. 1. It seems that water ______ from this tap for some time. We’ll have to take it apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
【答案与解析】
1.D。第一个 when用于引出一个特殊疑问句，问的是将来的事情，用一般将来时；第二个 when引导
时间状语从句，所以从句谓语动词用现在时表示将来。
2. B。“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。
3. C。句意为“好在我们刚才没有告诉他真相，因为他现在已经开始再试一下了”。4. D。根据since提示知道用完成形式，由since从句谓语动词的一般过去时看出表示从过去到现在，用现
在完成时。
5. C。the+形容词表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，主语The disabled是动词短语pay attention to的宾
语，用被动语态。
6. C。第一个人“忘记”应该是现在的情况，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，填 forget；第二个
人说“忘记”应该是过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上，注意句中的转折连词 but，选C。
7. B。考查被动语态和时态。句意是：--- 他问起你我们的工作情况了吗？--- 是的，我告诉他到六点
准备工作就做好了。主语preparations与谓语动词finish是动宾关系，用被动语态，排除A和C，D的时态
与主句的过去时不一致。B是过去将来完成时的被动语态，正确。
8. C。根据题意知道事情已经发生，所以总体时态是过去时。协议是在会议上达成的，根据时态知道
协议的达成发生在宣布之前，由句子的主语看出都要用被动语态。故选C。
9. B。 “你千万别把它忘在出租车里！”表示吃惊。“忘”这一动作应用一般过去时，由感叹号知道
否定口气应用never。再如：You never left the key in the lock! （你总不会把钥匙留在锁孔里吧！）。故选B
10. C。for a while是相对于when she dropped in来说的，即过去的过去，用过去完成时态．再看后一个
动作承接前面for a while，仍然在过去，had played for a while之后，因此用过去将来时，表示过去那
个时间将要发生的动作，故选C。
11. 分析：A。when表“此时”，slipped是较短行为，而look是较长行为的片断，slip发生在look的
过程中，即“汤姆溜进房子，此时没人瞧见”。故选A。slip不肯能发生在look之前。排除B
12. B。before在本题用于否定句，译作“要不多久就会……”，并且在时间状语从句要用一般现在时
代替将来时。故选B。句意是“要不多久我们就会知道试验的结果”。
13. B。因find为及物动词，与a pair of new trousers构成被动关系，故应选择find的被动形式，又因a
pair of作主语，谓语动词用单数。故选B。
14. D。此处用I am just looking around表示我只是“（正在）随便看看”，just可以和现在进行时连
用，表示只是怎么怎么样。
15. D。根据句中时间状语for some time可知用完成时，后面句子的一般将来时提示A错误，同时体现
leak还在进行着，所以用现在完成进行时。故选D。
【第四组】
1. (XXXX全国卷II) It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said2. (XXXX江西) --- I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
--- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ____ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned
3. (XXXX全国卷I)Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.
A. didn't know B. hadn't known C. don't know D. haven't known
4. (XXXX天津)My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live
5.（XXXX浙江卷）--–What’s that noise?
–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.
A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested
6．（XXXX浙江）－ What do you think of the movie?
－ It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I __________ the beginning of it.
A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss
7. (XXXX辽宁) My parents have promised to come to see me before I for Africa.
A have left B leave C left D will leave
8. -(XXXX江苏)- Ann is in hospital.
-- Oh, really? I __ know. I __ go and visit her.
A. didn’t; am going to B. don’t; would C. don’t; will D. didn't; will
9. (XXXX辽宁) Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair ________ all day. Could you speak to her now?
A. phones B. has phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned
10. (XXXX江苏)--- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
--- Sorry. .
A. It' s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired
11. (XXXX北京) John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ___ with them to school.
A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take
12. (XXXX北京)The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated
13. (XXXX重庆)—I’ve got to go now.
—Must you ? I ______you could stay for dinner with us.
A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking
14. (XXXX江西)------- What is the price of petrol these days-------Oh, it ______ sharply since last month.
A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased
15. (XXXX江西)---Do you want a lift home?
--It’s very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock
_______.
A. doesn’t go off B. won’t gone off C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go off
【答案与解析】
1. A。题干中的it是形式主语，后面的that从句才是真正的主语，而that从句与say之间是动宾关系，
所以用被动语态，符合句型“It’s said that…”。句意是：人们常说人类天生就具备说话的能力。
2. B。句子的主语A man是question动作的对象，所以用被动语态，再根据时间状语 now知道用现在
进行时，所以用现在进行时被动语态形式。故选B。
3. A。说话时已经知道了，所以不知道是在过去，用一般过去时。
4. A。根据后面的的现在完成时说“从没有在别处生活过”可以得出现在还在香港居住，用一般现在
时，陈述目前的情况。
5. C。发出噪音是现在的情况，根据答句知道是“测试机器”造成的，因此用现在进行时。故选C。
6． A。根据赞扬的答语知道已经看过，“错过”电影到开头部分发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选
A。
7. B。主句是现在完成时，由此可以看出从句谓语动词 leave的动作还没有发生，应该表示将来，
before引导时间状语从句，所以用一般现在时代替。故选B。
8. D。说话时已经知道，不知道在过去，用一般过去时；知道以后才临时决定去看他，用 will do形
式。故选D。
9. C。根据all day知道《名利场》(Vanity Fair)杂志的记者一直在打电话，后面的问句说明还没有
接电话，所以是有可能还要打，所以用现在完成进行时。故选C。
10. C。根据sorry 知道表示拒绝，用进行时态表示不能借到原因是电脑正在被修理，所以，用现在进
行时。故选C。
11. B。注意题干中的关键词the same，可以看出用过去完成时，因为谓语动词本身就是过去时，意思
是：约翰上学用的是爸爸和祖父以前用过书包。
12. B。一般过去式influenced陈述的是过去的事实，排除过去将来时C和D。主语guests与treat是动
宾关系，用被动语态。故选B。
13. B。根据语境现在已经知道要走了这个事实，所以不知道是在此之前，指过去。故选 B。意思是“原以为”。
14. B。根据关键词since提示知道是现在完成时，有sharply提示知道是“油价飞快上涨”。故选B。
15. D。根据过去时谓语动词overslept知道陈述过去的事实。故选D。
