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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：非谓语动词考点扫描+巩固训练+答案
【非谓语动词考题展示】
【考例1】（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
答案与解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮
中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用
动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词
不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。
【考例2】（2023新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
答案与解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，
所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主
语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
【考例3】(2018·北京) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________
(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
答案与解析：to share。考查非谓语动词。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and
enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式。动词不
定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于
主句之后，通常译为“为了”。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。
【考例4】（2018·天津改）I didn't mean ___________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I
couldn’t help_______(try) it.
答案与解析：to eat；trying。考查短语固定搭配。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help
doing忍不住做。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。本
题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to
do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住
做”之间的含义。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词和动名词，在各类考题中，主要考点有：非谓语动词之间的区别、
非谓语动词时态和语态、非谓语动词的否定形式、不定式to的省略、不定式与动名词作宾语的区别、带有
非谓语动词的特定句型等。现将其主要考点总结如下：
一、非谓语动词所作成分
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，具有形容词和副词特点，在句子中可以作定语、表语、补足语和状
语；动名词有名词的特点，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语；不定式有名词、形容词和副词特
点，在句子里可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。
【考例】When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground,
________ whether to stay or leave.（XXXX·湖南卷）
A. wondering B. wonder C．to wonder D．wondered
【答案与解析】A。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状
语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那
儿，不知道是走还是留。
【考例】_____the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.（XXXX·北京卷）
A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch
【答案与解析】C。逻辑主语是we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出租车并且早起的目的，动词
不定式作目的状语。故选C。句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。
二、非谓语动词时态和语态
动词不定式有一般时、进行时和完成时；动词 ing形式有一般时、完成时；过去分词由于本身就表示
动作完成和被动意义，只有一般时一种。动词不定式和动词ing形式还有被动形式。
【考例】Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.（XXXX·浙江
卷）
A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed
【答案与解析】D。分析句子结构以及用法知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，选 D，现在分词的
被动形式作宾语补足语。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。
【考例】______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. （XXXX·天津卷）
A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked【答案与解析】D。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，现在分词完
成时having worked表示动作的先于句子谓语动词。故选D。句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了
他的报告。
【考例】He is thought ______foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . (XXXX江
西卷)
A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted
【答案与解析】B。根据被动语态is thought确定跟不定式作主语补足语，再根据后句的Now看出act
动作是发生在过去，不定式用完成时形式。故选B。
三、不定式省略to
省略to的情形有：使役动词have/ let/ make, 感官动词see/ hear/ watch/ notice/ observe/ look at/
listen to等在主动语态中跟不定式作宾语不带to；why not+动词原形；would rather do...than do...; do
nothing but do...等。
【考例】 Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.(XXXX·陕西卷)
A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood
【答案与解析】B。let是跟不定式作宾语补足语不带to的使役动词，题中的need容易误导跟-ing主动
表示被动意义，或者误导用need to do。根据those与understand的主谓关系，结合let sb. do sth.得出B正
确。
四、不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
及物动词finish, enjoy, imagine, suggest, advise, recommend, delay, avoid, feel like, can't help"禁不
住"，put off等只跟动词ing作宾语；decide, wish, hope, agree, plan, determine等只跟不定式作宾语；
remember, forget, regret跟不定式作宾语表示不定式动作发生在其之后，跟ing则表示在ing动作发生在其
之前。
【考例】 It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ for a swim?(XXXX·陕西卷)
A. to go B. going C go D. having gone
【答案与解析】B。根据feel like排除A和C，由句意看出go动作还没有发生，用动名词一般时。
【考例】I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.（XXXX安徽
卷）
A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked【答案与解析】B。根据后面的 forgot to turn off看出lock动作还发生，remember跟不定式一般时作
宾语。
五、带有非谓语动词的特定句型
在有些句型中要求用特定的非谓语动词，如：It takes...to do sth.; It’s no good/no use /a waste of
time doing sth.；It’s senseless / useless doing sth.；It’s fun doing sth.；There is no doing (saying,
joking，denying…) sth.；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.; keep sb. from doing sth.; sb. spend/waste time (in)
doing sth; Sb. have trouble/difficulty/ problems/struggle/a hard time/ have a good time / fun (in) doing sth; be
busy/active/engaged/ occupied (in) doing sth.;There is no point (in) doing sth. “毫无意义”等。
【考例】 It took years of work__65__ (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (XXXX全国课标卷
I)
【答案与解析】B。根据前面看出是句型It takes...to do sth.，表示“做某事用某人多少时间”。
【考例】When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble the right things to say.(XXXX 上海卷)
A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of
【答案与解析】A。符合句型Sb. have trouble (in) doing sth.。
六、非谓语动词在独立主格结构中运用
非谓语动词作状语有时其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，而是有自己的逻辑主语，形成“名词/代词+非
谓语动词”的独立主格结构。
【考例】（XXXX·江苏卷）Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by
health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
【答案与解析】C。分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词
动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。句意：上班族们坐在办工桌前太久，一
般会受到健康问题的困扰。
【跟踪练习】
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. They worked day and night, ________ (send) supplies to the flooded areas.
2. The book _______ (write) in simple English, English beginners were able ______ (read) it.
3. The problem _______ (discuss) now is of great importance.4. ______(catch) the train, he got up early. But he reached the station only ______ (tell) that the train was
delayed.
5. He has become the first ______ (go) abroad in our town.
6. I like _______ (watch) TV, but I don't like______(do) that this evening because I am too busy.
7. The pupils will get ________ (confuse) if they are made _______ (learn) too much.
8. I appreciate ________ (given) the opportunity _______ (study) to study abroad two years ago.
9. On _______ (see) the young child fell into the lake, Eric sprang to his feet, and went on the rescue.
10. You never know how strong you really are until _______ (strong) is the only choice you have.
11. He is too young _______ (send) to America for advanced study.
12. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes _______ (fix) on the blackboard.
Keys:
语法导航
1.sending 2.written; to read 3.being discussed
4.To catch; to be told 5.to go 6.watching; to do
7.confused; to learn 8.having been given 9.seeing
10.being strong 11.to be sent 12.fixed
