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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：聚焦逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的分词状语
一般来说，分词作状语要求与句子的主语保持逻辑上的一致。如果不一致，则用独立主格结构，或者
是状语从句，相信这一点同学们都很清楚。但是也有一些作状语的分词与句子的逻辑主语不一致，也是正
确的句子，这样的分词被称为垂悬但不致病分词。常见的情况有：与副词连用作评注性状语的分词；转变
成介词的分词；转变成连词的分词。
一、作评注性状语的分词
现在分词speaking与一些副词连用，意思是“……说”，generally (broadly/ frankly/ strictly/ honestly/
personally) speaking 一般地（泛泛地/ 坦率地/ 严格地/ 诚实地/就个人来）说。如：
1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these
limits will depend on his environment.
一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了。但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他所处的
环境。
2. Personally speaking , I am glad to be a heroic man.个人来说，我很愿意当一名英雄人物。
3. Strictly speaking, I’m his stepfather, not his father.
严格地说，我是他的继父，不是他的亲生父亲。
二、作介词的分词
（一）judging from (by)… 从……判断；根据……来判断。如：
1. Judging from the long queue in front of the cinema's ticket office, this movie is a great draw. 从影院售票
处排起的长队来看, 这部电影非常叫座儿。
2. Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Hunan. 听他的口音，他准是湖南人。
（二）including 包括，包含。如：
1. There are 50 students in our class, including 15 girl students.
包括十五位女生在内，我们班有五十位同学。
比较：There are 50 students in our class, 15 girl students included.（独立主格结构）
2. All the railway officials, including the engine crew, had disappeared in the opposite direction. 所有铁路人
员，包括机车组，都在对面消失了。
（三）considering…/taking…into consideration 就…….而论。如：
1. Taking everything into consideration, they ought to stay at home.考虑到各种因素，他们应该呆在家里。
2. Considering the rate at which planets form, perhaps one with conditions suitable for life forms in our
galaxy each year. 从行星的生成率来看，或许在我们的星系中每年会形成一颗适宜于生命的行星。
试比较：Considered to be one of the excellent students, he received scholarship this semester again. 他被认
为是优秀学生之一，这学期又获得了奖学金。（consider “认为”， 过去分词作状语，与句子的主语保持
逻辑上的一致。）
（四）following作为介词意思是“在……之后；经过”。如：
1. Following the conference, the methods were put into use on a wide scale.
会议之后，这些方法大大得到推动。
2. Following the victory over Japan, he went on with his scientific work.
抗日战争胜利后，他继续搞科研工作。
比较：The teacher came in, followed by a group of students. 老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。
The teacher came in, following a group of students. 老师跟在一群学生后面进来了。
The teacher came in, a group of students following him. 老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。
说明：前两个句子是分词短语作状语，最后一个是独立主格结构。
（五）given 作为介词的意思是“（表示原因）考虑到，鉴于”； （表示假设）倘若，假定。如：
Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 鉴于他健康的整
体情况，要从手术中恢复过来还需要一段时间。
比较：Given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 如果给他时间，他会成为一流的网球选手。（句中的
given是过去分词作状语，相当于：If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
（六）owing to 意思是“因为；由于”，同because of或on account of一样是短语介词。如：
1. I couldn't attend the meeting, owing to illness.因为有病，我不能参加这次会议。
2. Owing to the broad presentation, there is much that will make this book esse ntial for students of
astronomy.
由于介绍内容的广泛，因而本书的许多内容对天文专业大学生是十分有用的。
（七）according to意思是“根据、按照、取决于；视…而定”。如：
1. We propose to furnish our own house according to our own taste.
我们建议按自己的爱好布置自己的房子。
2. According to Freud, this event is not unique but reoccurs throughout the history of mankind, of every
individual.
弗洛伊德认为，这样的事件不是一次性的，它在人类和每个个体的历史中屡屡出现。（八）respecting (regarding) 关于、至于。
1. They are discussing problems respecting air pollution in cities 他们正在讨论关于城市空气污染的问
题。
2. I shall appreciate it if you will give me full information regarding this brand, with price, etc.我很想了解有
关该品牌产品的情况和价格等等，烦请告知，谢谢。
三、作连词的分词
（一）supposing（that）作为连词，意思是“假如；如果”，意思同if，引导假设性条件状语从句。也
可以直接用suppose引导。如：
1. Supposing that the African tribes were to be civilized by us, would they be happier for it?
就算是咱们能给非洲各部落的人民带来文明，这能使他们变得更幸福吗？
2. Supposing you want to experiment with electricity, what materials would you use?
假设你想做关于电现象的实验，你想用什么材料呢？
（二）providing/ provided 作为连词，意思是“如果；以……为条件”，后面也可以跟 that，作用同
supposing，引导条件状语从句。如：
1. She will lend you $ 2,000 providing you pay it back before Christmas.
她可以借给你2000美元，条件是圣诞节前你必须还她。
2. I will go providing /provided (that) my expense are paid.
要是我的费用有人代付我就走。
（三）given that作为连词，意思是“假定, 已知, 考虑到”，引导条件状语从句。如：
1. Given that we do not have complete information about animal detection capabilities, we can only guess as
to what the animals are actually sensing.
鉴于我们对动物的察觉能力没有完整的资料，对动物真正感觉到什么我们只有推测。
2. Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。
3. Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much.
考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。
（四）admitting that/granted that的意思“尽管、即使”，同even if/ even though，用来引导让步状语从
句。如：
1. Admitting that the vast expanse of oceans seems terrible, they provide us with abundant resources. 虽说浩
瀚的大洋令人生畏，但它们向我们提供了丰富的资源。2. Granted that you are correct, you may find it hard to prove your point.
就算你对,可你要论证这一点却非易事。
（五）seeing that…，表示原因，意思是“既然，由于”引导状语从句。如：
1. He knows much of the world seeing that he is only twelve years old.
他对人生世事知道地相当多了，因为他才12岁。
2. I'd like to accept this item, seeing ( that ) the price is reasonable.
我愿意接受此品种，因为价格合理。
比较：Seeing that her eyes are moist, he takes her hand sympathetically and goes with her to the door. 他 看
到她的眼睛湿润了，很同情她，拉着她的手一同走到门口。(现在分词作状语，与句子主语保持逻辑一致，
意思“看到……”)
