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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：聚焦含有非谓语动词的固定句型
[非谓语动词固定句型考题展示]
【考例 1】（2023▪全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 28 (record)
everything I discovered.
答案与解析：recording。考查非谓语动词句型sb. spend ...（in） doing sth。句意：作为一名摄影师，
我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾
语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
【考例2】（2021全国甲卷）It is possible 133 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案与解析：故填to walk。考查非谓语动词句型It +be+adj+to do sth.。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.，
it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。句意：骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。
【考例3】（2020·海南·高考真题）These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own
websites or for second and third graders 171 （begin）computer classes.
答案与解析：to begin。考查非谓语动词句型It +be+adj+to do sth.。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do
sth.”结构，该结构it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发
布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。
【考例4】（2019·江苏）China's image is improving steadily, with more countries __________ (recognize)
its role in international affairs.
答案与解析：recognizing。考查with复合结构的非谓语动词，即with+宾语+非谓语动词。句意：中国
的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主
动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构。
[解非谓语动词固定句型读]
非谓语动词中的动名词和不定式常常用在一些固定句型中，在语篇填空和短文改错题型中常常出现，
如果能对其固定句型熟练掌握，那么这样的考点就能迎刃而解。下面就对其进行小结，以期对同学们有所
帮助。
一、have difficulty/trouble/bother/a hard time / a problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难；have luck/
fun/ a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事有运气/有乐趣/开心
其中的difficulty/trouble/bother用作不可数名词，a hard time是根据短语have a good time而来。动名词作介词in的宾语，其中的介词in可以省掉。如：
It’s a very serious, strict school, though very few people know about it--- ordinary students
have a hard time (in) getting in.
很认真严格的学校，虽然知道的人很少——普通学生不容易进。
The witness appeared to have difficulty (in) remembering what had happened.
证人在回忆发生的事情方面似乎有困难。
He told his father how much fun he had yelling at the visiting baseball team.
他告诉父亲他朝着客队乱叫，玩得不亦乐乎。
注意：当在“have +名词+不定式（作定语）”结构中，have是“有”的意思，不定式要带to，如果不
定式的动作是句子的主语发出，则不定式要求用主动形式表示被动意义。这与其作为使役动词跟不定式作
宾补在主动语态不带to不同。如：
I have nothing to say.
我无话可说。
It seems that you have something to be kept from me.
你们似乎有事瞒着我。
It was very kind of you (You were very kind) to have us stay.
您这么亲切地招待我们留下来, 真是谢谢您。
【典题】(改编自XXXX·北京卷）—Did you have difficulty ______ (find) Ann' house?
—Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
答案与解析：finding。符合句型have difficulty doing sth. 句意：找到安妮家有困难吗？
二、It is no use/good/fun+doing，做某事没用处/没好处/没有趣
句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词形式。如：
It' s no use learning the text by heart without understanding it.
背诵课文而不理解它是没有用的。
It 's no good/use crying over spilt milk.
牛乳泼翻，哭之何益（覆水难收）。
It 's no fun staying at home and never going anywhere.
呆在家里，什么地方都不去是无聊的。
It is no good use dreaming of being a success without practice.
只是空想当一个成功者而无行动是没有用的。【典题】It’s no use ______ (complain) without taking action.
答案与解析：complaining。符合句型it’s no use doing。句意：一味抱怨而不付诸于行动是没用的。
三、sb. spend/waste time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花费/浪费时间/金钱做某事; sb. pass time (in)
doing sth. 某人消磨时间做某事
句子的主语指人，动名词作介词in的宾语，其中的介词in可以省掉。如：
She spent the afternoon (in) washing the windows and the floors.
她花了一下午的时间擦窗子拖地板。
Though he had much work to do, he wasted his time doing nothing.
尽管他有很多工作要做，但他却无所事事，浪费时间。
He wasted much of his time and money playing cards.
打牌浪费了他的大量时间和金钱。
Or he passed his time in trembling, chattering his teeth, saying that he had a fever, and inquiring whether one
of the eight and twenty beds in the fever ward was vacant.
要不，他就不停地发抖，磕牙，说他在发烧，并问那病房里那二十八张床可有一张空的。
He must have thought Jane was worth it or he wouldn't have wasted time helping her, I suppose.
我想，他当时肯定认为简值得他费心思，否则他就不会浪费时间帮她了。
【典题】 —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he does_______(write).
答案与解析：writing。比较级结构中的 does是代动词代指 spends，根据前面的 playing 看出是 he
spends time (in) writing。句意：--- 你知道保罗整天都在干什么吗？ --- 据我所知，他花在玩的时间上至少
跟他写作上的时间一样多。
【考例】（2017•全国 III）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term
_____________ (rest).
答案与解析：resting。根据16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term看出是sb. spend sth. (in) doing
sth.固定搭配，表示“某人花时间做某事”动名词做宾语。其中的介词in后跟动名词作宾语，介词in可以
省掉。故填动词rest的动名词形式resting。
四、It take time to do sth. 做某事需要花多少时间
句型中的it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。如：
It took us a whole week to go through one of the great forests.我们花了整整一星期才穿过其中一个大森林。
He has just set up his own business but it will take him a while to get established.
他刚建立起自己的公司，但要站稳脚跟还得花上一段时间。
It has set us back in so many respects that I'm not sure how long it will take for us to catch up.
我们在很多方面都被延误了，不知道需要多久才能赶上。
Beginning with the Party's founding in 1921, it took us 24 years to achieve this goal.
我们从一九二一年建党，经过了二十四年，才成为一个成熟的党。
【典题】It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness_____ (make).
答案与解析：to be made。根据 It took a long time 看出用不定式作真正的的主语，介词 for 后的
connection是宾语，between...and...短语作定语修饰connection，make与connection是动宾关系，所以用动
词不定式的被动语态形式。句意：人们花了好长时间才弄清楚体温跟疾病之间的关系。
【考例】（2019·全国III）On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering
how long it would take _________ (get) there.
答案与解析：to get。考查不定式特定句型。句中的 would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，
wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，how long是指时间的短语，根据it take结合句子意
思看出是句型it take time to do sth. 表示做某事需要多少时间。故填动词不定式to get。
五、stop/prevent/keep/ban/forbid/prohibit sb. from doing sth. 阻止/禁止某人做某事; save sb. from
doing sth. 免去……做某事, 拯救；protect sb. from doing保护……使不受……
动名词作介词from的宾语，其中在stop/prevent中介词from可以省掉，但是在被动语态中不可以省
掉。其他词中的from一般不省略，keep中from如果省掉则意思会发生变化。如。
A serious illness has prevented her (from) working for a year.
严重的疾病使得她有一年不能工作了。
She hated the Yankees because they kept her from having real coffee with sugar and thick cream in it.
由于吃不到放糖和奶酪真正咖啡，她恨死了北方佬。
He was found to have taken cocaine, and Italian authorities banned him from playing for a year.
他被发现吸食可卡因，意大利官方便让他停赛一年。
She saved a little girl (from) falling into the water.
她救下一个就要落水的小女孩。
He kept me from working.他不让我工作。比较：He kept me working.他让我一直工作。六、There is no+doing... 不可能……
相关句型有：There is no saying/knowing… 说不准...；There is no denying that...不可否认的...。如：
There is no knowing when we shall meet again.不知道我们什么时候才能再相见。
There is no denying the fact that China has made rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.
不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on
the second floor.
如果你跑到二楼面试都喘不过气来，那么你说你常跑马拉松就毫无意义了。
There is no saying what time he will come home.
他什么时候回家可说不准。
七、There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事没有必要
属于there be句型，不定式修饰need，有时为了明确对象不定式会带上逻辑主语for sb.，即跟不定式的
复合结构。如：
That would make a clean break. Of course there was no need to say as much, but she would understand.
从此一刀两断——这自然不便明说，她总会明白的。
There was no need for you to fight against your own men.
你何必同室操戈。
Eventually, I realised that there was no need for me to have my head under water.
最终我总算意识自己没必要将头浸在水下。
There is no need being angry with others about the mistakes they unconsciously make.
没必要为别人无心犯下的错和他们生气。
I know that there is absolutely no need to give out definitions of a true friend.
我认识到没有必要给真正的朋友下定义。
Sometimes problems can sort themselves out, so there is no need to be too worried about them.
有时候问题会自行解决，所以不必太担心。
There is no need for us to cater to the expectations of our parents, instead, we should ask ourselves what we wa
nt.
我们没必要迎合父母的期待，相反，我们应该问一问自己我们想要的是什么。
【典题】（改编自 XXXX·安徽卷）There is no need _____ (tell) me your answer now. Give it some
thought and then let me know.答案与解析：to tell。符合句型there is no need to do sth.，句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一
下，之后告诉我。
八、There is (no)+名词+(in)+doing做某事(没)有......
相关句型：There is some /no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事(没)有困难；There is no point (in)
doing sth. 做某事没有意义；There is no use/good (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用。如：
There was some difficulty (in) explaining this to the Swede, but when at last he understood he became very
anxious.
向这个瑞典人说明这件事很费劲, 最后他听懂了, 显得很着急。
There is no point (in) complaining. They can't do anything to help you.
抱怨于事无补;他们没办法帮助你。
There is no use talking to him while he is in that low frame of mind.
在他心情不好（情绪低落）时与他谈话是没有用的。
九、be busy/ engaged /buried/occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于某事......
该句型是系表结构，作表语的是形容词，或者是过去分词转化而来的形容词，动名词作介词 in的宾
语，介词常可以省去。如：
In modern society, everyone is busy in working or studying. As a result, many people suffer from stress and
anxiety.在现代社会里，每个人不是忙着工作就是读书，结果造成许多人有焦虑和过度紧张的困扰。
The nurse was engaged in watching the chemical analysis, and Villefort was still absorbed in grief. 护士正在
注意化学分析，维尔福沉浸在悲哀里。
How long has Mark been occupied in writing his new book? 马克写新书有多久了？
Ask for help. Just as learning to say no, this can be hard. But if you are buried in doing your work it may be
necessary.
寻求帮助。就像学会说“不”一样，这个也挺难的。但是如果你被埋在工作里，需求帮助就非常重
要。
【典题】(改编自XXXX湖南卷）As John Lennon once said, life is what happens to you while you are
busy _____ (make) other plans.
答案与解析：making。符合句型be busy doing sth.。
十、need/require/want/deserve/be worth+doing 某事需要/值得......其中的动名词要求用主动式表示被动意义，意义相当于所跟不定式的被动式。但是be worth不可以跟
不定式。如：
There has been something wrong with the car and it badly needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆汽车已经有
毛病了，急需修理。
They deserved punishing/to be punished.他们应受惩罚。
My jacket wants mending/to be mended.我的夹克衫需要修补。
At that time, other scientists didn't think hybrid rice was worth studying.
当时，其他科学家认为杂交水稻不值得研究。
We had managed to persuade them that it was worth working with us.
我们已经设法使他们相信和我们一起共事是值得的。
十一、prefer to do A rather than do B与prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A而不做B
prefer是及物动词，可以跟动名词或不定式作宾语，分别跟rather than…或介词to表示“宁愿做某事，
不愿意做另外一件事”，其中rather than后跟动词原形，介词to后跟动名词。如：
He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.他宁愿待在家里，不愿和我们一起去。
More and more people prefer going to concerts to sitting in a karaoke bar.
越来越多的人愿意去听音乐会, 而不是呆在卡拉OK酒吧里。
He preferred to wear shirts with flowers on them when he visited his patients, and he tried to make them laugh.
当他去看望病人的时候，他更喜欢穿有花的衬衫，而且他试图让他们笑。
Customers preferred to shop at these stores rather than drive to the nearest city.
消费者们宁可到这些商店购物，而不是开车到临近的都市去。
十二、do nothing but（except）+do无事可做，只好……；除了干……什么也没做
此处的but是介词，同except，不是连词。若but（except）之前的谓语动不是do, 那么but（except）
之后的不定式要带to。如：
After saying those words, he did nothing but add to my anger.
说完这些话, 他没怎么样, 却让我更生气了。
There was nothing else to do but pack up again.
你除了再收拾一下行李外，没有任何事可做。
Now I was indeed in the height of what I might call my prosperity, and I wanted nothing but to be a wife.
我现在真是达到我幸运的最高峰，我什么也不缺，所缺的只是没有当成一个正式的妻子。比较：
While traveling in America, I'd try to hang out with friends who couldn't speak Chinese, so that I'd have no
choice but to speak English.
在美国旅行的时候，我试着和不会说中文的朋友出去玩，这样我就只能说英语了。
You have shown no improvement over last year. I have no choice but to fire you.
去年一整年你的工作都毫无起色，我别无选择，你被解雇了。
