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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：03 研读情态动词考点分布 透析情态动词考题设置
【要点速览】
一、在反意疑问句中考查情态动词
二、通过时态考查情态动词
三、在虚拟语气中考查情态动词
四、在情态动词词义辨析中考查情态动词
【高考真题展示】
【考例1】（2020年新课标Ⅰ高考真题 改错】 I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it
must to be easy to cook.
答案与解析：删掉must后的to。考查情态动词用法。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将
to去掉。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。
【考例2】（2020天津高考真题）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all,
he had done his best.
A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't
答案与解析：D。考查情态动词+ have done。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't
have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表
示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而
责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。
【考例3】（2016年天津高考真题）It was really annoying; I _____________ get access to the data bank
you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
答案与解析：B。考查情态动词。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。根
据It was really annoying句意“真烦人”表示的抱怨，可以看出是因为“无法进入数据库”而生气。故选可
B。句意：这真是令人心烦；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。
【考例4】（2016年北京）高考真题I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays
and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
答案与解析：A。考查情态动词。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，早期没有必要。故选A。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和
周日我不需要早起。
【考例5】（2018天津高考真题）—What’s wrong with the door?
—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．won’t
答案与解析：D。考查情态动词。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t 不需要；D.
won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里
面出不来了。
【解读情态动词考题设置】
情态动词在历年高考试题中都占有一席之地，而情态动词又是英语学习中的难点。通过对高考试题中
有关情态动词的考点的研究发现，对于情态动词的考查不是孤立的，往往与时态、反意疑问句、虚拟语气
等结合在一起考查。
一、在反意疑问句中考查情态动词
反意疑问句的陈述部分有情态动词时，附加问句的谓语部分与前面的情态动词一致。祈使句的反意疑
问句通常用will you或won’t you，如果祈使句是否定句就只能用will you。let’s的反意疑问句用shall we，
let us则要用will。
【考例1】(北京XXXX) When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf,____?
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
解析：选C。含有复合句的反意疑问句的附加问句根据主句，本题的主句是祈使句的否定形式。故选
C。
【考例2】(NMETXXXX.II) We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ______?
A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we
解析：选C。并列句的反意疑问句取决于后一分句，由let us知道用will you。故选C。
【考例3】(福建XXXX) I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by buy, ______?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
解析：选B。在反意疑问句中，像I think/believe/suppose, I’m sure后跟从句时，反意疑问句根据与从句
保持一致，根据情态动词would rather知道B正确。
二、通过时态考查情态动词
情态动词通常跟动词原形，也可以跟不定式完成式，即“情态动词+不定式完成式”。（一） must have done表示对过去发生的事情进行肯定的推测，否定推测用can’t/couldn’t have done。
could have done表过去有能力或有可能做某事，而因某种原因未做，有惋惜、遗憾、批评、责备的意味。
may/ might have done用于对过去某事进行推测，表明说话人对过去可能发生的行为或存在的状态的一种怀
疑。
【考例1】(江西XXXX).—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place.
A must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
解析：选D。根据第一句的过去时put it here yesterday知道答句是对过去事实进行的推测。东西不是
对方放的，所以只是提出一种可能，并没有可靠的依据，因此属于对过去把握不大的推测，用 might have
done。
【考例2】 (上海XXXX) --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
--- Great! You _____ read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A. must B. should C. must have D. should have
解析：选C。由第一句知道已经获得A等，那么付出的努力和广泛阅读应该发生在取得优异成绩之
前。对过去发生的事实进行语气强的肯定推测用must have done.。
【考例3】(上海XXXX)---Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday?
---_________________.
A．They were not nervous at all B．They were still young
C．They played naturally D．They couldn't have done better
解析：选D。根据题干的过去时谓语动词played very well yesterday知道指过去的事情，问的是“打得
是否好”的一般疑问句，应该回答是或者不是，D项的意思“很好”，即对过去事情进行推测，意思是
“不可能再好了”“好极了”。故选D。
【考例4】(上海春招XXXX) My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ________have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
解析：选C。因为must表示推测只用在肯定句中，本题是疑问句，所以用could have taken 表示对已
经发生的take动作进行推测。
【考例5】 （重庆XXXX）I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They
____ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
解析：选B。根据“当时正在公路上”知道是对当时正在发生的事实进行推测，因此用 must have beendoing结构。
【考例6】（2018·天津高考）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm
not sure.
A．should leave B．must have left
C．might leave D．could have left
解析：选D。考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，
但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据
后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
（二）needn’t have done 只用在否定句中，表过去做了不必要做的事情，意思是“本来没有必
要……、本来可以不……”。daren’t have done用在否定句中表“本来（过去）不敢做……”，但现在可能
敢做了。如：
I daren’t have done it yesterday, but I think I dare now.
我昨天不敢做的事，但我今天敢做了。
I didn't like their new house, though I daren't have said so.
我不喜欢他们的新房子，虽然我不敢这样说。
【考例】(江西 XXXX) The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______ the trouble to carry my
umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
解析：选C。后来证明天气很好，那么拿雨伞就是多余的了，根据时间状语 yesterday看出“本来
没有必要带伞”，但是实际上带了，用needn’t have done结构。
三、在虚拟语气中考查情态动词
（一）虚拟语气与情态动词有着密切的联系。在if引导的虚拟条件从句中，主句的谓语动词部分就是
用的就是情态动词的过去时形式，如would/might/could等，不可以用情态动词的一般时。表示与将来事实
相反的if从句的谓语动词可以用“should+动词原形”构成，其中should可以置于句首，省掉if，从而形成
部分倒装结构。宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的名词性从句的谓语动词的虚拟语气的构成
是“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省掉。
【考例 1】（上海春招 2001）He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a
goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored （选D）【考例2】（湖北XXXX）If I plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel
through as much of it as possible.
A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to （选B）
【典例1】______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will （选B）
【典例2】And the doctor recommended I ____ here for the sunshine before I started for home.
A. came B. have came C. should come D. be come （选C）
【典例3】It is necessary that he _______ the college entrance examination.
A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend （选A）
【典例4】The officer gave orders that all his men _______ towards the enemy’s position at once.
A. march B. would march C. marched D. were to march （选A）
（二）情态动词could have done可以表示本来能做某事，实际上没做。should(ought to) have done表示
本来应该做某事而没做。was/ were /would like to have done表示本来打算做某事…，但是却干了别的事情。
表示的是与事实相反的情况，通常看作是虚拟语气的一种特殊形式。
【考例 1】(陕西 XXXX).I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I______ have driven her
there.
A. could B. must C. night D. should
解析：根据前面的过去时知道told动作已经发生，用should have done表示本来应该开车送她到那儿
的，实际上没有。故选D。
【考例2】（山东XXXX）He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
解析：根据过去时paid知道付费是已经发生的事实，句意是“他本来是可以免费进去的”，表示本来
能做某事而没做。故选A。
【典例1】Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
解析：ought to have done同should have done，否定形式也是一样。题意是“Tom本来不该把秘密告诉
你”，可他并每恶意。用ought not to have done结构。故选A。
【典例2】I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
解析：从but后面句子的谓语动词过去式可知实际上没有去，表示的是过去没能实现的愿望，所以用
would love to have done。故选B。四、在情态动词词义辨析中考查情态动词
通常对于情态动词词义和用法辨析的考查的试题立意不偏不怪，情景生动、真实，但是有效信息越来
越隐蔽，这就加大了试题的难度。
（一）考查表示能力、推测的情态动词
can/could与be able to表示能力的区别；表示推测的may/might与must和can, could的区别。
【考例1】(福建XXXX).My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it?
A. can B. must C. should D. would （选A）
【考例2】 (湖南XXXX) The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away
when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t （选B）
【考例3】（2015年陕西卷）You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent
sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
答案与解析：D。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。句意：你可能
觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。
（二）考查表示请求、许可的情态动词，
may, can表示请求、允许的用法和could/might, would和should表示请求的委婉功能。
【典例】--- Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. could
解析：题干中的could是表一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语，并非过去时，肯定句通常用can来回答。如果
答句用could，则会给人一种不确定的感觉，让人无所适从，不知对方是否真正许可，类似的如 would用
will回答，might用may来回答。故本题选C。
（三）考查must与have to，shall与should，should与would等词义辨析。
【考例1】(NMETXXXX.I)---How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
---It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must （选C）
【考例 2】(北京 XXXX) In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your
luggage.
A. can B. may C. must D. will （选C）【考例3】(重庆XXXX)—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t （选A）
【考例4】(上海春招XXXX)The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t （选C）
【考例5】(江苏XXXX) --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
--- You ____. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A. will B. may C. have to D. should （选D）
【考例6】(重庆XXXX) “The interest _______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by
both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall （选D）
【考例7】（2015年湖南卷）Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of
sources. That is, you always rely just on the Internet for your research.
答案与解析：shouldn’t。根据前文作者告诉我们：你应该从不同的方面找不同类型的资料。句意：那
就是说，你不应该常常依赖于互联网。故填shouldn’t。
【考例8】（2015年北京卷）—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really go now. My daughter is home alone.
A. may B. can C. must D. dare
答案与解析：C。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare
敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个
人在家。
【考例9】（2015年四川卷）You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D.will
答案与解析：A。考查情态动词。根据句子的感叹号可以看出强调it costs可知照相机很昂贵，所以提
出要求是“必须爱惜”。故选择A，意为你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。
【考例10】（2014年四川卷）I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _________ take me
to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must C. would D. should
答案与解析：C。A 可能;B必须;C 将;D 应该。would 可以表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的
事情。根据语境判断此处指过去妈妈经常在周末带他去，所以选C。注意此用法与used to不同的是used to
所表示的过去常常暗示现在已经不做了，而would没有此意。句意:我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈经常带我在周末的时候去迪士尼乐园。
(四) 考查used to, had better, would rather等特殊的情态动词辨析。
【典例】--- Shall we go skating or stay at home?
--- Which ____ do yourself?
A. do you rather B. would you rather
C. will you rather D. should you rather （选B）
【典例】Mother ____ us stories when we were young.
A. was used to tell B. is used to tell C. used to tell D. used to telling （选C）
