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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：05 作为先行词的 It 作形式主(宾)语及在强调句型中的运用+巩固训练+答案
【考点导航】
【考例1】（2020·海南·高考真题）These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own
websites or for second and third graders （begin）computer classes.
答案与解析：to begin。考查非谓语动词及其it作形式主语。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己
的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结
构，该结构it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
【考例2】（2018·天津）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house __________ we saw Lily
in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
答案与解析：B。考查强调句。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主
语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car
pulled up in front of our house。故选B。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉
莉。
【It重难点及考点设置解读】
由于句法结构的需要，常用it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放后置。在强调句型中
用it构成强调句型结构，用来强调除了谓语动词以外的绝大部分成份。具体解读如下：
考点一、形式主语it
当不定式、Ving或从句作主语时，为了避免“头重脚轻”常用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，
一般后置的主语可以取代先行it的位置。如：
（一）用it作形式主语代替真正的不定式主语
1.句子的逻辑主语为不定式，即It + is/was /其他动词+ /n. ( or adj.) +to do sth.
(1) 用于该结构作表语的名词主要有a pity, a pleasure, an idea等。
In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.事实上，对警察来说，在一场重要的足球比赛中维持秩序是一项艰巨的工作。
It is a great pleasure to do this. 这样做多好啊。
It seems a pity to waste the food. 浪费这些食物真可惜。
It requires efforts to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语需要种种努力。
2. 形容词或形容词短语作表语。分两种情况
（1）It is kind (good, bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest,
naughty, nice, polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong...) (of sb.) to do sth.
该结构中形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等，不定式前加一个由of引起的短语，来说明不
定式指的是谁的情况。常出现在下列形容词作表语时： kind, good, nice, clever, wrong, right ,foolish,
wise, unwise, stupid, rude, careless, cruel, brave, naughty, polite, selfish等。如：
It is stupid to do such a thing. 做这种事真蠢。
It was brave of her to speak out in public. 她能当众大声讲话，真勇敢。
It was foolish (of you) to leave school.你中途退学，真是傻瓜。
It was brave of him to jump into the river to rescue the drowning boy.
他跳进河里去救那个溺水的男孩，真勇敢。（这种of sb. to do sth. 句型，of 的宾语可以作句子的主
语。上面句子可以改写为：He was brave to jump into the river to rescue the drowning boy.）
（2）It is necessary (important, necessary, natural, easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult,
dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant...) (for sb.) to do sth.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加for，for 后的宾语不能作句子的主语。名
词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语，即表示不定式所指动作的执行者。在此句型中，形容词只对不定式行为者
作某种描述，表示不定式的重要性、必要性、难易程度等基本情况，而不涉及其品行。常见的形容词有：
necessary, hard，important, difficult, easy, possible，common等。如：
It is very important for us to take part in physical training out of class.
不可以说：We are very important to take part in physical training out of class.
It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 必须用短波收音机才能收到节
目。
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. 对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。
It's common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事。
It seemed impossible (for him) to get back home.
It is easier to lose friends than to make friends. 交朋友难而失去朋友比较容易。It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
掌握至少两门外语对于当代年轻人来说是很重要的。
（以上两句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。 ）
注：动词不定式作主语，一般情况下用 it作形式主语，而把动词不定式(从句)放在后面。也可以直接
用不定式作主语。例如：
It is wrong to tell lies. ＝ To tell lies is wrong. 撒谎是不对的。
但在疑问句和感叹句中，只能用it作形式主语。 例如：
Isn't it a good idea to have a walk around? 出去兜一圈难道不是一个好主意吗？
What a pleasure it is to work with you! 同你一起工作是多么愉快啊！
（二）用it作形式主语代替真正作主语的动名词
句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语。即It's ＋n.(名词或名词短语)/adj.(形容词)＋doing sth.，这类句子与不
定式作主语相比较而言不多。有两类情况：
（1）名词作表语。主要有use, good, fun, pleasure, a waste of, job, task等。如：
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It's no good (use) doing that. 那样做没好处(没用)。
It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
It is considered no good reciting without understanding. 不理解的背诵被认为是没有好处的。
It's fun doing this. 做这事真有趣。
It's a waste of time doing this. 这样做是浪费时间的。
It's an awful job doing this. 做这事真是一件可怕的差事。
It is not an easy task doing this work. 做这工作真非易事。
（2）形容词或形容词短语作表语。主要在（nice, good, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile，no good,
waste, useless, no use, dangerous）等词语的后面用。
It is nice talking to you. 跟你交谈真是愉快。
It's foolish behaving like that. 这样的表现是很愚蠢的。
It is useless doing that. 那样做没用。
注：动名词与不定式作真正主语的区别在于，动名词说到的动作已经发生。
如：It was nice meeting you. 见到你真高兴! (分别时用)
It is nice to meet you. (刚刚见面时用)（三）用it作形式主语代替真正的主语从句作主语
句子的真正主语为从句（主语从句），即 It +谓语+主语从句。
1. It is ＋名词＋从句。It is a pity (a shame, a fact, a wonder, an honor, a pleasure, a fact, no
wonder, common knowledge(常识)...) that... （该句式中，如果表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”，that从句也
用虚拟语气“should + 动词原形”。若没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It + is/was /其他动词+ n. (a
pity, a pleasure, an idea) +to do sth. 如：
It is a pity that such a thing should happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
事实上，对警察来说，在一场重要的足球比赛中维持秩序是一项艰巨的工作。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受，这是不争的事实。
It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather. 皓月兆天晴, 这是常识。
It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question. 你对这个问题作了这样的回答，令人
吃惊。
2. It is ＋形容词＋从句。这样的形容词有 natural, true, strange, necessary, important, apparent,
obvious(很明显), certain, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, right, likely, probable等。真正的主语是
that 引导的主语从句。
It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.
我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗，这是一定的。
It is probable that he has known everything. 很可能他什么都已经知道了。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
注意：It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural, urgent, essential...) that... （表示事物的重要
性、必要性、正确与否以及带有“出乎意料的语气”，所以，that 从句中要用虚拟语气“should + 动词原
形”。） 如：
It is necessary that he should remember these language rules. 他有必要记住这些语言规则。
In short, it's essential that we (should) learn the lessons of this crisis - or we risk repeating it.
简言之，从这次的危机中汲取教训很重要，否则我们将冒重蹈覆辙的危险。
That's why it's essential that patients and doctors (should) work together to avoid needless tests or
drugs.所以，病人和医生们需要相互配合，避免不必要身体检查或者药物使用。
It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.
真奇怪，他竟然未经主人的允许就把书拿走了。
3. It is said (reported, believed, agreed, announced, hoped, expected, acknowledged, thought,
estimated...) that... （it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，
人们相信……）”。 如：
It's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.
人们认为如果气温上升，降雨量将保持在同一水平。
In fact, it's estimated that up to one third of all meals eaten by teenagers are consumed away from
home.
实际上，据估计青少年三分之一的用餐都在家以外的地方解决。
4. It is suggested (ordered, recommended, required...) that... （主句中的过去分词表示请求，建议，命
令等含义，that后的从句要用虚拟语气“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。常译为“据建议（有命
令说……） 如：
As with all public places, unless you're waiting for an important call, it's recommended that you
(should) turn off your mobile phone at the gym.
健身房属公共场所，除非你正在等一个重要的电话，否则还是建议你关掉手机。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next Friday.
有人建议会议推迟到下星期五。
5. It is time (about time, high time) that... （that 后的从句用虚拟语气：可以使用一般过去时态, 有
时也用should + 动词原形。常译为“该是…的时候了”，意味着时间有些晚了。） 如：
It's high time that we should heal the deep divisions between the rich and the poor.
是时候该弥合富人和穷人之间的深刻分歧了。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。
It's high time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem.
该是我们采取有效措施解决这问题的时候了。
6. It is the first (second...) time that... （该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而是用完成时态。主
句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时，后面从句就用现在完成时；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成
时。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换。常译为“这是第一（二）次……”。） 如：
It is the first time that she has taken part in a film shooting and she says it's a little bit difficult.这是她第一次参加电影拍摄。她说这有点困难。
It is the third time (that) I have come to China. 这是我第三次来中国。
It was the third time this week that the sisters had been arguing over nothing.
这已经是这周姐妹俩第三次无谓的争吵了。
7. It happened/follows/ seems/ appears/ occurs to (strike, hit) sb/ turned out /matter+从句...碰巧/这样以
来/似乎/好像/某人突然想起/结果/要紧…… 如：
It happened that Mathilde met with Jeanne in the park in Paris after ten years.
十年后玛蒂尔德和让娜在巴黎一个公园里碰巧相遇。（it happens that...碰巧发生：表示某事发生的
情况，强调偶然性或意外性。）
As the quality of the underlying information gets better, it follows that the quality of the conclusions that are
drawn from it will be better, too.
随着潜在信息的质量的提高，从中得出的结论也会越来越好。（it follows that...由此可见，因此，推
论出：指根据前提或已知条件，可以得出结论。）
It appears to me that the first thing we should do is teach people how to sort waste.
在我看来，我们应该做的第一件事是教人们如何分类垃圾。（it appears that...似乎，好像：用于表达
某种推测或猜测，表示某种情况或事实看起来是这样的。）
It occurred to me that I should pay a visit to my friend Jane next week.
我突然想起下星期我该去拜访我的朋友珍妮。（it occurs to sb. that... 想到某人突然想起）
But on re-reading the book, it struck me that it was not only the physics that needed attention.
但是当重新看这本书时，我突然发现需要关注的不仅仅只是物理学。（it strikes sb. that...某人的印象
是……；某人突然想到……）
It turned out that the middle-aged man bought the ticket the other day and was excited to find that he was
the lucky winner of $100,000.
原来，这位中年男子前几天买了彩票，兴奋地发现自己幸运地中了10万美元。（it turns out that...结
果证明，原来是这样：用于表达某件事情或情况最终被证明是某种方式或结果。）
It doesn't matter how well qualified you are, if your face doesn't fit, you don't stand a chance.
资历多好也没用，如果人家看你不对眼，你就不会有机会。（it doesn’t matter... ......没关系：表示某
事不重要，不会造成问题或不值得担忧。）
Surely it doesn't matter where charities get their money from: what counts is what they do with it.
当然，慈善组织从哪里得到钱并不重要，重要的是他们用这些钱做什么。
8.It takes ...time to do sth. 花......时间做某事It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。其中，it是形式主语，take为花费之
意，sb用宾格形式，some time表示一段时间，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。takes在句中有时态的变
化，应该根据具体的时态运用。
It takes three generations to make a gentleman.[谚]十年树木，百年树人。
It took me an hour to finish my homework.我用了一个钟完成作业。
考点二、形式宾语it
（一）当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式
宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：
I’ve made it a rule never to hurry. 我已养成凡事从容不迫的习惯。
Do you think it possible to root out crime? 你认为可以根除犯罪吗?
He found it difficult to breathe at high altitudes. 他觉得在高空呼吸困难。
Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have flexible schedules to make it easier to care for their
children. 在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看她们的孩子。
【考例】New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
（XXXX·四川卷）
A. that B. this C. one D. it
答案与解析：D。题干的形容词possible是宾语补足语，后面的不定式是真正的宾语，形式宾语用it，
故选D。句意是：新技术使新产品生产速度更快、成本更低成为可能。
【考例】No matter where he is, he makes ____ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. （XXXX陕西）
A. him B. this C. that D. it
答案与解析：D。题干的名词a rule是宾语补足语，后面的不定式是真正的宾语，作形式宾语用it，故
选D。形式宾语的it既可以代替不定式，也可以代替动名词或从句，本题还可以改为：No matter where he
is, he makes it a rule that he should go for a walk before breakfast. 如果用it作形式主语，则句子是：It is a rule
(for his to go for a walk before breakfast) that he should go for a walk before breakfast.
【考例】It’s no use ____________ without taking action. (XXXX·上海卷)
A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained
答案与解析：B。考查动名词和形式主语it。it是形式宾语，动名词作真正的主语，本题是句型：It’s
no use doing sth…，意思是：做……是无用的。句意是：只抱怨而不行动是没用的。
【考例】（上海XXXX）In fact _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important footballmatch.
A. this B. that C. there *D. it
答案与解析：D。从句意看出，句子主语为不定式短语 to keep order in an important football match,
所以前面应用it作形主语。形主语只能用it。故选D。句意是：事实上，对警察来说，在一场重要的足球
比赛中维持秩序是一项艰巨的工作。
【考例】 (NMETXXXX) _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案与解析：D。为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或
宾语放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语。此句也可以改写为：That English
is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 所以用it作形式主语。故选D。句意是：英语正
在被接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。
【考例】(METXXXX) It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
答案与解析：B。主要测试主语从句和形式主语it。分析句子结构可知需要连词连接，根据句子的意思
应该是her hair was turning grey这个事实让她担心，因此后面是主语从句，那么就可以推断句子中用形式
主语it。句子的译文为：她的头发逐渐变白让他非常担心。答案为B。
【考例】 (METXXXX) I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory
work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
答案与解析：D。分析句子的结构看出及物动词think带有自己的补足语，即形容词possible，结合句
子的意思看出possible与不定式to master a foreign language without much memory work之间有逻辑上的主谓
关系，由此断定possible是补足语，真正的宾语就是动词不定式，此处用作it形式宾语，真正的宾语是后
面的动词不定式“to master a foreign language without much memory work”。句意是：我认为不做大量
的记忆练习是不可能掌握一门外语的。
【考例】(METXXXX) Is ___necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
答案与解析：C。这是一个基本句型：it +be动词 +adj.+to do sth .，it 做形式主语, 这是固定的, 不
能使用其他代词代替it。句意是：翻译：必须要在国庆节之前完成这份设计吗?
（二）“it”常用在某些某些动词后，作形式上的宾语。有些动词虽然是及物动词，但是一般不可以直接跟宾语从句，这时候需要带有形式宾语 it，这样的动词常用的用：hate, dislike, like, enjoy, appreciate,
prefer, see to(负责，确保顺利进行), take(以为), depend on等，即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it代替
其后的从句。常见的hate, dislike, like, enjoy, appreciate后接if从句或when从句，see to, take, depend on
等接 that从句。也有像动词matter就用it作形式主语。如：
Japanese people may bow and even give out their business cards to greet others, but they dislike it
when you just put the cards in your pocket without looking.
日本人打招呼时可能会鞠躬，甚至向对方递名片，但他们不喜欢你不看一眼就把名片放在口袋里。
（dislike/hate it when... 不喜欢/憎恶......）
I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。(appreciate it if...如果......非常感
激......)
We took it for granted that they would come and join us in the discussion.
我们满以为他们一定会来参加我们的讨论呢。(take it for granted that...想当然地认
为......)
You must learn not to laugh, and if you must laugh then see to it that you don't cackle like the
neighbor's hen.
你必须学会不要笑。如果你一定要笑的话，确保你不要像邻居家的母鸡一样尖声笑个
不停。（see to it that...确保......）
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.
开发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
You may depend on it that they will support you. 你可以相信他们会支持你的。 (因为介词on之后
一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句。depend on it that意思是：肯定
会，可以肯定地说，表示对某件事情的肯定程度，相当于“可以确定的是”。)
I don’t like it when you call me “Boss”. 我不喜欢你叫我叫老板。
I would appreciate it if you could do me the favour of correcting my paper.
如果你能帮忙批改一下我的论文我会感激不尽。（I would appreciate it if...如果......我会很感激：表示
希望对方能够做某事，以表示感激。）
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I can’t answer for it that he will help you. 我不能保证他会帮。
【考例】 (NMETXXXX) I hate _____ when people talk with their mouth full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them答案与解析：A。it代指when从句所表达的内容，其本身无实义，可以看作是形式宾语，这是因为及
物动词hate不可以直接跟宾语从句。句意是：我讨厌人们嘴里塞满东西说话。
【考例】(METXXXX) Does _____ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
答案与解析：D。习语it doesn’t matter后可接wh-从句、if从句或动名词。也可以认为此处的it是形式
主语。虽然通常认为if不可以引导主语从句，通常用whether代替if引导主语从句，但是如果不是置于句
首而是借助于形式主语it则是可以引导主语从句。Does it matter+ ...意思是“......要紧吗/重要吗/有关系
吗？”，句意是：如果他不能按时完成工作有关系吗?
考点三、在强调句型“It + be + 被强调部分 + that/ who…”中考查，it无实义，详情参见“强调句
型”。
【考例】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do______benefits our work most.
（XXXX·陕西卷）
A. who B. which C. that D. what
答案与解析：C。根据句首It is提示把题干还原成：Not how much we do but how much love we put into
what we do benefits our work most. 由此可以推断是强调句型，根据强调句型结构it be …that…得出C正
确。
【考例】Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down.
（XXXX·四川卷）
A. where B. that C. which D. what
答案与解析：B。根据was it提示，把句子还原为：Was he saved on a lonely island one month after the
boat went down? 此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被
强调部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”。故选B。
【巩固练习】
一、单项填空
1.______ is ______ who wants to see you.
A.It…he B.That…he C.It..him D.That…him
2.______ used to be thought that the earth was square.A.He B.What C.It D.That
3.I found ______ impossible for _____ to work out the maths problem.
A.it…he B.that…he C.that…him D.it…him
4. —Do you have my pen, Mary?
—Yes，I have ______ right here.
A.one B.it C.this D.that
5.He arrived half an hour late,_____ made us unhappy.
A.that B.it C.as D.which
6.Mary learned Chinese for about two years，______ is, from 1993 to 1995．
A.this B.that C.it D.he
7.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A.this B.that C.he D.it
8.—Hello, who is _______ speaking?
—_______ is Tom speaking．
A.it…It B.that…That C.that…This D.it…He
9.______ ought to be no trouble because he knew the answers．
A.It B.There C.He D.That
10.—Is it going to snow tonight?
—I' m afraid ______．
A.it B.that C.so D.this
11.They think ______ possible to learn a foreign language while studying in the middle school.
A.we are B.this is C.it D.that
12. —Who is knocking at the door?
— _________.
A.I’m, Mary B.She’s me, Mary C.He’s me D.It’s me, Mary
13.She thought ________ a great honour to be invited to speak to us.
A.that B.this C.it D.it is
14.Is ______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A.he B.it C.that D.this
15. She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it B.which C. this D.that二、根据汉语和括号中的提示补全下面的句子的翻译。
1. 那事彷佛是昨天刚发生似的。(it seem…)
______________ only yesterday.
2. 哪个城市具有举办权是由国际奥委会决定的。(it’s up to sb. to do sth.)
____________ to host the Olympics.
3. 注意千万不要再迟到。(see to it)
__________________________________________________________________
4. 如果不是因为我们良好的关系，我们不会以这样的价格给你们。(if it …)
______, we wouldn't have sold the goods offer at this price.
5. 猫儿爬树往往是爬上去比爬下来容易些。(find it+adi+to do…)
______________ than to climb down.
6. 我们不惜时日寻求保障，但一旦获得又讨厌它。（hate it when…）
We spend our time searching for security, __________.
7. 是因为水位的上升他们才无法过河。（强调句型）
_______ they could not cross the river。
8. 门铃在响。你能不能看看那是谁？(it)
The doorbell is ringing. _______________?
9. 叫已经长大成人的孩子不要犯错误是没有用处的，因为他们不会相信你，同时也因为错误是教育的不可
缺少的一部分。
_____________, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.
参考答案：
一、1-5 ACDAD 6-10 BDCBC 11-15 CDDBB
二、1. It seems as if that had happened
2. It is up to the International Olympic Committee to decide which city has the right
3. See to it that you’re not late again.
4. If it had not been for our good relationship
5. Cats often find it easier to climb up a tree
6. and hate it when we get it
7. It was because the water had risen that
8. Would you please see who it is9. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes
