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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：表解不定式考点及其时态语态全突破+巩固训练
Part 1:不定式考点
【高考链接1】
【考例1】（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them____
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
答案与解析：to be lifted。考查非谓语动词。句根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，
空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格
需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以
让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。
【考例2】（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,
as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案与解析：to journey。考查非谓语动词。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填
to journey。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。
【考例3】（2022年浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she
plans 110 （continue）the practice.
答案与解析：to continue。考查动词不定式作宾语。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划
做”，故填to continue。句意：他打算继续这个实践。
【高考链接2】
1. Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (XXXX天津)
A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
2. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ people’s concern over
food safety. (XXXX重庆)
A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised
3. The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (XXXX湖南)
A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed
4. We were astonished _____ the temple still in its original condition. (XXXX辽宁)
A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be foundKeys: 1-4 AACB
【点拨】题1考查的是不定式短语作主语补足语，题2考查的是不定式短语作目的状语，题3考查的是不
定式短语作后置定语，题4考查的是不定式短语作原因状语。
【用法归纳】
不定式（短语）的句法功能
句子成分 用法简析 例句
主语 1. 作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而把真 1. To master a foreign language calls
正的主语不定式（短语）置于句末。 for a great deal of memory work. =
It calls for a great deal of memory
2. 若作表语的也是不定式（短语），此时不
work to master a foreign language.
用it作形式主语。
2. To see is to believe.
宾语 1. 常跟不定式（短语）作宾语的动词有： 1. How I wish to watch the football
“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量 match to be held tomorrow
干”，即“want, wish, hope, expect, intend, afternoon.
mean, agree, promise, care, hate, refuse,
2. I learned how to accept life as it
determine, decide, offer, attempt, manage, is from my father.
afford等。
3. I had no choice but to give up this
2. 动词learn, decide, know, determine等后 chance to go abroad.
常跟“疑问词+不定式（短语）”作宾语。
4. I find it interesting to play
3. 介词 but 和 except 后也可跟不定式（短 basketball.
语）作宾语。
4. 动 词 feel, find, make, think, consider,
believe等后跟复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾
语，真正的宾语不定式（短语）常放在宾补
的后面。
表语 不定式（短语）作表语常常表示主语的“职 Our duty is to help children grow
业、职责或性质”等。 physically and mentally.
定语 不定式（短语）作定语应放在所修饰词的后 During those days in that country, the
面。 blacks had no rights to vote.
宾语 / 主 1. 动 词 allow, permit, encourage, forbid, 1. I told Jeff to join the club, but he
语补足语 promise, wish, expect, prefer, tell, ask, order, wouldn’t listen.
require, force, warn, help, instruct, consider,
2. These pictures made me think of
cause, invite, like, advise, persuade, get, leave
my childhood in the remote
等后常跟不定式（短语）作补足语。
countryside.
2. 动词 notice, see, watch, observe, feel, hear,
3. With something to buy, he hurried
make, have等后常跟无to不定式（短语）作
to the supermarket.
补足语，在被动句中to不能省略。
3. with / without复合结构中，不定式（短
语）也可作补足语。
状语 不定式（短语）在句中作状语，主要表目 To learn English well, I got up early
的、原因、结果和条件等。 to memorize English words every
morning.He is careless not to lock the door
when going out.
【即时演练】
根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. He has decided ______________ (学习法国文学).
2. He resigned from the company __________ (为了担任一项更具有挑战性的工作).
3. He arrived at the railway station, ________________ (结果却发现火车已经离开了).
4. ___________ (为了养活他的家庭), he decided ______________ (从事) two part-time jobs.
5. I’m very excited ___________ (听到这个好消息).
6. _______________ (因为有两个儿子要上大学) this autumn, he had to work hard day and night to
make more money.
7. _______ is difficult for him ____________ (向你道歉).
8. My dream is ___________ (自己创立一家公司).
9. The mother has __________ (三个孩子要照看).
10. The doctor ordered __________ (我父亲不要抽烟).
11. __________ (为人民而死) is a glorious death.
12. I find ______________________ (和他做生意很愉快).
13. The girl was ______________ (年龄太小，不能上学).
14. I often hear the girl _________ (唱英文歌曲) in the next room.
15. He always made his little sister _________ (为他洗衣服).
KEYS:
1. to learn French literature 2. to take a more challenging job
3. only to find the train had left 4. To support his family; to take up
5. to hear the good news 6. With two sons to go to college
7. It; to make an apology to you 8. to open up a company of my own
9. three children to look after 10. my father not to smoke
11. To die for the people 12. it pleasant to do business with him
13. too young to go to school 14. sing English songs
15. wash clothes for himPart2:不定式的时态和语态
【高考链接1】
【考例】（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
答案与解析：考查非谓语动词的被动语态。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格
需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填
动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让
它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。
【高考链接2】
1. It is important for the figures _____ regularly. (XXXX北京)
A. to be updated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
2. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _____ by their enthusiastic
supporters. (XXXX浙江)
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered
3. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _____ first is the library. (XXXX重庆)
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
4. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing … but we seem _____ that art of
communicating face to face. (XXXX上海)
A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost
5. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars _____ as a carpenter before. (XXXX上海
春)
A. to work B. to be working
C. to have worked D. to have been working
6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. (XXXX上海春)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make
Keys: 1-6 ACDBCB
【点拨】题1、题2和题3考查的都是不定式的一般式的被动语态；题4考查的是不定式的进行时态；题5
考查的是不定式的完成时态；题6考查的是不定式的否定式。【用法归纳】
不定式 (短语) 时态和语态的构成和用法：
构成 用法简析 例句
时态 一般式： to 表示不定式的动作和谓语 I hope to see you next
do / be 的动作几乎同时发生或在 week.
其后发生
进行式： to 表示不定式的动作在进 Don’t pretend to be
be doing 行、持续之中 working hard. Just do what
you should.
完 成 式 ： to 表示不定式的动作发生在 She is well known to have
have done 谓语动作之前 been to many countries.
完成进行式： 表示不定式的动作在谓语 She is said to have been
to have been 动作之前已开始进行，到 writing the novel about
doing 谓语动作发生时可能停 New York for years.
止，也可能会持续下去
语态 一般式的被动 当不定式的逻辑主语是不 The car needs to be
形 式 ： to be 定式所表示的动作的承受 repaired before we go on a
done 者时，用被动形式 trip there.
完成式的被动 The room seems to have
形式：to have been tidied up already.
been done
【高考链接3】
1. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. (XXXX山东)
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
2. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____. (XXXX全国I)
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
3. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (XXXX上海
春)
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
4. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _____. (XXXX四川)
A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with
Keys: 1-4 BBCA
【点拨】这4个小题考查的都是不定式的主动形式表达被动的意义，题1的不定式作后置定语，题2和题4
的作状语，题3的作宾语补足语。
【用法归纳】
不定式主动形式表达被动意义的几种情况：1. 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，与句子的主语构成主谓关系，要用主动语态。如：
Have you got anything to say for yourself?
2. 在“be +形容词（常见的有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, safe …）+不定式”结构中。如：
The question is difficult to answer.
3. 在with / without的复合结构中。如：
With much work to do, he has to ask his brother to help him.
【即时演练】
根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. The teacher __________ (要求我们不要制造出) so much noise.
2. ___________ (因为有作业要完成), he can’t watch TV.
3. When the professor came in, the students ___________ (假装在看书).
4. The book is said ____________ (已经被翻译成好几种语言了).
5. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _______ (已经知道所有的事情了).
6. It is a great honor __________ (被邀请来做一个讲座).
7. He wrote three books, and the one _______ (下个月要出版的) is about children.
8. He prepared a birthday party for his girlfriend, __________ (结果被告知) that she wasn’t coming.
参考答案：
1. asked us not to make 2. With his homework to finish
3. pretended to be reading books 4. to have been translated into several languages
5. to have known everything 6. to be invited to give a lecture
7. to be punished next month 8. only to be told
