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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01 全解读表示递进、转折、对比关系的并列连词及其并列句+巩固练习+答案
解析
【考题再现】
【考例1】（2023新高考II卷） It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop to see
the pandas settle into their new home.
答案与解析：and。考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的to watch the panda programme develop
和空后的to see the pandas settle into their new home两部分为并列关系，即两个并列的不定式作主语，是真
正的主语的，句首的 it是形式主语。故填and。 句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新
家安顿下来。
【考例2】（2023▪全国乙卷） It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,
somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
答案与解析：but。考查并列连词。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后
“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。
【考例3】（2023▪浙江1月卷）During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing
arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
答案与解析：and。考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示
并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排
居住区。
【考例4】（2022新高考全国I卷）The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting
the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological
buffer zones, leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案与解析：and。考查并列连词。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填
and。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，
为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。
【基本概况】定义：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子, 叫做并列句。基本结构：简单句+并
列连词（或连词词组）+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so，for等。连词（conjunction）比较容易掌
握，因为没有那些乱七八糟的变形，连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单
独用作句子成分。从功能上，连词可分为两大类：并列连词（coordinating conjunction）和从属连词
（subordinating conjunction），顾名思义，后者从属连词用来连接地位不对等、有从属关系的句子（即主
句与从句），构成complex sentences（有的书中译作“复合句”）。而前者并列连词则用来连接属于同一
层次并具有相同句法功能的词，短语或句子，即地位对等、各自独立的句子，构成compound sentences
（译作“并列句”），主要是用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果推理关系等。此外，并列连
词还可以连接比句子更小的单元，如单词与单词，短语与短语。并列连词数量很少，日常语境中高频的总
共才7个：and, or, nor, for, so, but, yet。
【要点解读】
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句，在最基本的7个词的基础上可以扩展为：and, but, or, nor,
so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, (and)then
等等。并列连词，主要是用来表示并列关系、选择关系、因果推理关系。本文具体解读表示递进、转折、
对比关系的并列连词及其并列句：
一、表示并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词
表示并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词主要有 and, both... and, not only...but also..., as well as,
neither...nor...,主要含有“和”、“补充”、“增加”等意思。
（一）and“和”，both...and...“二者都”
Approved methods might include destruction of nests and eggs, and the trapping and destruction of geese.
得到正式认可的方法可能包括对巢和蛋的捣毁以及对鹅的捕杀。
The earth is one of the sun's planets, and the moon is the earth's satellite.
地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。
She showered and dressed and went downstairs.
她冲了澡，穿上衣服下楼去了。
When reaching middle age, people experience changes both physically and mentally.
人到中年之时，无论是在身体上还是在精神上都会经历变化。
A person's living environment can greatly affect both his physical and mental health.
一个人的生活环境对他的身心健康都有很大的影响。
He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted children.他对亲生的和领养的子女都很好。
Both he and his wife should apologize to their daughter.
他和他的妻子都应该向女儿道歉。
注意：由and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一人或物，或指成为一体的物品，或主语分别被each、
every或no修饰时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
The headmaster and secretary is coming to our class this afternoon. 校长兼秘书今天下午要来我们班。
Each animal and each tree is well tended in the park. 公园里的每只动物和每棵树都得到了很好的照料。
The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早餐供应黄油面包。
【考例1】（2022全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发
布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international
cooperation _____ cultural exchanges.
答案与解析：and。考查并列连词并列名词作宾语。分析句式结构可知，名词international cooperation
和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日
万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。
【考例2】（2022新高考全国II卷）When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge.
He hung on for a few minutes screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
答案与解析：and。考查并列连词并列动词作谓语。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung
和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的
父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。
【考例 3】（2022 年浙江 6 月卷）For Luc, this means independence. "The feeling of being able to see
it________ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
答案与解析：and。考查并列连词并列动词不定式。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连
接两个动词不定式。故填and。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。
【考例4】（2018·北京卷） In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained
agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
答案与解析：A。考查祈使句和并列连词and。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，
那么，前面也应是句子，选项中。只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成
句子。故A选项正确。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就
会使你得到你需要的帮助。（二）as well as “也、连同”，not only...but (also)... “不但······而且······”
1.as well as和not only...but (also)...并列的两个部分作主语时候前者根据就远原则，后者根据就近原则
确定谓语动词的单复数。当然除了并列主语以外可以并列其他成分。如：
The menu contained traditional favourites as well as more adventurous dishes.
这份菜单有受欢迎的传统菜，也有较为新奇的菜肴。
As she rightly pointed out, the illness can affect adults as well as children.
她说得对，这种病不仅影响儿童，也会影响成年人。
They are a couple in the real world as well as in the movie.
他们在电影和现实生活中都是一对夫妇。
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
She spoke not only her native language, Swedish, but also English and French.
她不仅讲她的母语瑞典语，还讲英语和法语。
She can not only sing beautifully but also write her own songs.
她不仅唱歌好听，而且会自己写歌。
Reading can not only enrich our knowledge, but also bring us pleasure.
读书不仅能丰富我们的知识，还能给我们带来快乐。
His brother, as well as his parents, is hardworking. = Not only his parents but also his brother is hardworking.
他的兄弟和他的父母一样努力工作。
Not only I but also my parents are his fans. = My parents as well as I are his fans.
不仅是我，连我的父母都是他的粉丝。
注意：主语后面跟有as well as, with, together with, along with, but, except, besides, in addition to等引导的
短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持“数”的一致。如：
The teacher as well as the students was excited at the news. 听到这个消息，老师和学生都很兴奋。
These rooms with their furniture were rented. 这些房间和家具都是租来的。
2.not only...but (also)...并列两个句子时，前一个分句要求用部分倒装结构，这是因为否定副词 not置于
句首，后一分句不需要倒装。如：
Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.
母亲们不仅得不到报酬，而且所干的乏味艰辛的活儿也很少被留意。
Not only does she speak Spanish, she's also good with computers.
她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机。Not only the young but also the old are interested in it.
不仅年轻人，老年人也对它感兴趣。
Not only Jack but also I am crazy about the football match.
不仅杰克，我也非常喜欢这场足球赛。
（三）neither...nor...“既不······也不······”
1.neither...nor...并列对等的两部分，如果并列两个名词或代词作主语，则依据就近原则确定谓语动词
的单复数。如：
Some workers are legally employed, but the majority work unofficially with neither health insurance nor wage
security.
一些工人合法受雇用，但大多数人是非正式的，既没有健康保险，也没有工资保障。
In all fairness he had to admit that she was neither dishonest nor lazy.
公正地说，他不得不承认她既非不诚实也非懒惰。
Neither Moore nor his competitors have yet to break Moore's Law, and there is every reason to believe they
will continue to deliver on it for the rest of our working lives.
无论是摩尔还是其竞争者，至今都还没有突破摩尔定律，我们完全有理由相信，在我们剩余的工作生
活岁月中，他们将继续遵循这一定律。
2. nor或neither引导的句子常常需要部分倒装，即将be动词、助动词、情态动词提前。如：
To me it was obvious that experimental literature was experimenting with the reader, and Hanna didn’t need
that and neither did I.
对我来讲，实验性的作品明显是在拿读者进行实验，汉娜不需要实验什么，我亦然。
Even in extreme moments, the calf did not concede. Neither did his herd.
哪怕是在最危急的时刻，小牛和它的家族也没有丝毫退让。
You don't know how they work, nor can you change how they work.
你不知道他们如何运行，更不用说改变他们的运行方式了。
Why are you asking me? I have no information about your interactions with Penny other than what you have
provided me, nor do I have any method of learning such things.
你为什么问我? 我不知道你和佩妮之间的任何事情，除了你提供给我的信息之外，我也没有任何途径
可以了解这些事情。
（四）祈使句+and/or+陈述句
祈使句+and/or+含有一般将来时的陈述句该句型中and 表示前后句是顺接关系，意思是“那么”。or
表示前后句是转折关系，意思是“否则”。祈使句可以转换为if引导的条件状语从句，但这时要去掉连词and/or。“祈使句+and + 陈述句”该句型表示如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结
果。“祈使句+ or + 陈述句”该句型表示如果不做到祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果。其
中的and和or是并列连词，表示肯定意义用and，表示否定意义用or，祈使句相当于条件句，陈述句表示
结果。如：
Work hard, and we will win the war against the virus.（= If we work hard, we will win the war against the
virus.）
努力奋斗，我们会赢得这场抗病毒战争。
Come early, and you will see the film star. (=If you come early, you will see the film star.)
早点来，你就可以看到这位电影明星。
Get up or you’ll be late for school. (If you don’t get up early,you’ll be late for school.)
起床吧，否则你上学会迟到了。
Keep to the path or you’ll lose your way. (If you don’t keep path, you’ll lose your way.)
沿这条小道走，否则就要迷路。
Get ready or you won’t pass the test.(If you don’t get ready,you won’t pass the test.)
做好准备，要不你小测验不会及格的。(注意：祈使句后的or可替换成otherwise.)
【典题】—English has a large vocabulary,hasn't it?
—Yes.______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known
答案与解析：A。根据对空缺处句子的分析可知，本题考查的是"祈使句（表条件）+and+主句（表结
果）"这一结构，所以" ______ more words and expressions知道的单词与表达方式越多"应是一个表示条件
的祈使句，此处需要填动词原形，故选A。句意是：---英语有大量的词汇，不是吗？---是的．知道的单词
与表达方式越多，你将发现阅读和交流就会变得越简单。再如；Give him an inch and he will take a mile．得
寸进尺。
二、表转折关系的并列连词
表转折、对比关系的并列连词：but, yet，while。
（一）but
1. but表示“但是，可是，而，却”，连接两个简单句，有时句中某些词可以省略; 连接两个并列成分，
可以放在一个句子的句首，后面不接逗号。
The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out.
这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.
北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。
I hope you don't mind me asking, but where did you buy those shoes?
我希望你不介意我问，你在哪里买的那双鞋?
2.与sorry连用表示“很抱歉，但（事出有因）”，用but后面接句子表示解释原因，常用结构是：I’m
sorry, but...。注意此处的but并非转折意义，不要想当然理解为“虽然......但是......”，要根据具体情况翻译。
如 ：
(I’m sorry) I yelled you, (but) what you've done was really not right.
对不起我凶你了, 但你刚才做的真的是不对。
I told the girl at the reception desk that I was terribly sorry, but I was half an hour late.
我对接待服务台的女孩说我很抱歉，迟到了半小时。
I am sorry, but I am afraid she is somewhat younger than I thought.
对不起，恐怕她比我想象的年纪要小一些。
Of course I'm very sorry, but how could I know you were in the drawer?
我当然很抱歉，但我怎么知道你在抽屉里呢？
【典题】Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: "Sorry, ______ can I order another
drink?"
A. for B. and C. but D. then
答案与解析：C。容易误选A，因为空格后的句子是用以说明 I’m sorry 的原因的，所以便想当然地认
为要选for来表示原因。而事实上，I’m sorry 后习惯上不接表示原因的连词 for，而接表示转折的连词 but
（也可省略 but），用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。句意是：当我的一些朋友在餐馆里问服务员
时，他们会这样说：“对不起，我可以再点一杯吗？” 又如：I’m sorry, （but） I can’t agree. 很遗憾，
我不能赞同。I’m sorry 后虽然不能接表原因的连词for，但却可接介词 for。如：Aren’t you sorry for what
you have done? 难道你不为自己所做的事感到遗憾吗？
（二）yet
yet“但是; 尽管如此”，可连接两个句子，用逗号分开，也可在yet前加and，还可以放在一个句子的
句首。如：
Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is
optimistic about where they are headed.
莫汉对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些数字化生物背后的目的，并对其发展方向持乐观态度。The car is old, yet it is in good condition. 这辆车旧了，但车况很好。
She speaks Russian fluently and yet she prefers to chatter in English.
她说俄语很流利，可是她更喜欢用英语交谈。
Here is something I knew she had never experienced, and yet she needed the most.
我知道她有些东西是她非常需要确从来没有经历过的。
Yet she is not the kind of ancestor most modern evolutionary biologists would have been looking for.
然而，她并不是绝大多数现代演化生物学家所寻找的那类祖先。.
Yet she kept on because she felt the goal was very important.
然而，她坚持下来了，这是因为她感到目标是极其重要的。
（三）while可用于并列连词
while作为并列连词，意为“而、却、然而、偏偏；但是”，表示对比或转折关系。如：
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐
I do every single bit of housework while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
我做所有的家务，而我丈夫鲍勃只是偶尔洗碗。
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there's little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。
综上所述，可以看出虽然并列连词叫并列连词，但它表达的不仅仅是并列的含义，还能表示因果，转
折，选择，内涵非常丰富，除了这些常见连词外，其实还有很多更复杂更高级的连词。
