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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：被动语态全解读+巩固训练+答案
【被动语态概述】
被动语态的是谓语动词与主语之间的动宾关系的一个重要体现，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。根据时态的不同有不同的被动语态形式，基本结构是be+Ved+by+宾语
(动作执行者)。主要用于：1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动
作的承受者。
【高考考例展示】
【考题1】（2023▪全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by
the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing.
答案与解析：was amazed。考查时态和语态。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to
keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之
间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶
于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
【考题2】（2023▪全国甲卷） Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through
the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
答案与解析：be employed。考查语态。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以
用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经
流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。
【考题3】（2022新高考全国I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next
year. The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完
整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving
behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.
答案与解析：is designed。考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的
主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，
主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完
整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。【考题4】（2020·海南·高考真题）Readers （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world
with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
答案与解析：are encouraged。考查语态。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。
根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并
在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。
【考题5】（2022年浙江1月卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by
plane （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案与解析：is viewed或has been viewed。考查时态和被动语态及其主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的
事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关
系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方
来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。
【被动语态全解】
一、不同时态的被动语态构成形式。
时态类别 构成形式 典型例句
一般现在时 is/am/are done 【考例】Unless extra money____, the theatre will close. (XXXX全国大
纲卷)
A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found
【答案与解析】C。unless引导的条件状语从句要求用一般现在时表
示将来，从句主语money是find动作承受者，是动宾关系，用被动
语态。
一般过去时 was/were done 【考例】--Did you enjoy the party? （XXXX·北京卷）
--Yes,we______by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案与解析】A。问句是一般过去时，根据答句的yes确定一般过
去时。根据介词by的提示知道we和treated是被动关系。
一般将来时 will/ is(am, are) 【考例】It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to
going to / shall come. (XXXX·安徽卷)
be done
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
B. 【答案与解析】B。由“in years to come”可知用将来时，space
station和build是动宾关系，用被动语态。
现在进行时 is/am/are being 【考例】They are living with their parents for the moment because their
done own house ____.（XXXX四川卷）
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
【答案】A。“现在跟父母生活在一起”是因为“自己的房子正在维
修”， 主语house是 rebuild的动作承受者，用现在进行时被动语
态。过去进行时 was/were being After making inquiries Hughes discovered that they were being
done composed on computers, then just finding their way into British homes.
休斯在询问之后发现，它们是在电脑上创作，然后再进入英国家
庭。
现在完成时 have/has been 【考例】（XXXX·天津卷）In the last few years thousands of films
done all over the word.
A.have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
【考例点拨】根据In the last few years“在过去的几年”用现在完成
时，主语films与produce是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。
过去完成时 had been done When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had
been destroyed or lost. 在他死后数年，当他的日记终于被打印出来
时，大部分已经被毁或丢失了。
将来完成时 will/shall have When you receive this a bank robbery will have been committed by Tom
been done for one dollar. 当你收到这封信的时候，汤姆已经开始在银行抢劫一
美元了。
过去将来时 would/was
(were) going
to /should be
done
情态动词的 情态动词+be
被动语态 done （ have
been done）
被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前，否定句是在第一个助动词后加 not，特殊疑问
句为“疑问词＋一般疑问句被动式”。
What is going to be done with all this knowledge? 究竟应该如何运用这些知识？
If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided. 如果他更细心一些，这种错误本
来是可以避免的。
She was set at ease by learning that her husband had been saved. 听说丈夫获救, 这才使她放心了。
【考题】（2023▪浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in
concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes (permit)
to live closer to the center of the circles.
【考例点拨】were permitted。考查动词的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主
语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were
permitted。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。
【考例】（XXXX·上海卷）The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is
almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored【考例点拨】根据 is almost finished知道还没有完工，所以是“正在修复”，主语 church tower与
restore是动宾关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。
二、将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况。
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词 to或for引
导。bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等常在间接宾语前用介词 to；
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等间接宾语前用介词
for。如：
（1）My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. →I was given a present on my birthday. →A present was
given to me yesterday.
（2） Should I fetch you your coat/fetch your coat for you from the next room? →Should your coat be
fetched for you from the next room?
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能
省去。例如：
（1）They have talked about this matter recently. →This matter has been talked about recently.
（2）They put off the sports meeting. →The sports meeting was been put off.
（3）She’s a woman who we can depend on. →She’s a woman who can be depended on (by us). 她是个
可以信赖的人。
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主
语补足语。注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等感官或使役动词后作宾语补足语
的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语。例如：
（1）Taiwanese people re-elected Ma Ying-jeou Taiwan leader on 14th January, 2012.
→Ma Ying-jeou was re-elected Taiwan leader (by) Taiwanese people on 14th January, 2012.
（2）His mother made him to practise the piano so much. →He was made to practise the piano so much
(by his mother)
4．动词不定式的被动语态为“to be＋Ved”。注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况：①be to blame；
②have(有)+n/pron+to do sth. 的不定式动作由句子主语发出时；③形容词hard, easy, difficult, fit等跟不定式。例如：
（1）Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are difficult to understand. 在
这些大的方言群中，还有一些小的方言群，其中许多方言难以理解。
（2）She says they have much to offer, and urges companies to take advantage of them. 她说他们有很多可
以提供的，并敦促公司利用他们。
（3）The water in our streams is not fit to drink and we can no longer eat the fish in our rivers or the animals
in our forests. 我们河流的水不适合饮用，我们不再能吃我们河里的鱼和森林中的动物。
【考例】 (XXXX·全国I)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _______.
A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made
【考例点拨】根据谓语动词是一般过去时排除A，make a fortune“发财”中的a fortune与make是动宾
关系，用被动语态。不定式的被动形式是to be done，此处用was to表示过去将来。故选C。
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾
语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup？→By whom has the cup been broken？
6. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。如：
It is said that …据说……；It is reported that …据报道……；It is supposed that …据推测……；It is hoped
that …希望……；It is well known that …众所周知……；It is generally considered that …普遍认为……；有人
建议…… It is suggested that … 例如：
（1）It is reported that hundreds of houses fell down and many people died in the earthquake. 据报道，地震
中数百间房屋倒塌，许多人死亡。
（2）It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls. 人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理
科。
（3）It is well known that the main cause of road accidents is drunk driving and driving with over-speed. 众
所周知，交通事故的主要原因是酒后驾车和超速行驶。
（4）It is hoped that future studies could explain these differences and perhaps lead to different treatments for
men and women. 未来的研究有望能够解释这些差异，可能还会为男性和女性带来不同的疗法。
（5）Therefore, it is suggested that college students should make friends with people having different
genders, characteristics or backgrounds. 因此，建议大学生们应当与不同性别、性格以及背景的人结朋友。7.及物动词know的被动语态形式是be known to sb.，介词用to不用by，但是会有系表结构的短语be
known as/for等。例如：
（1）Although he is known to only a few, his reputation among them is very great. 尽管只有几个人知道
他，但是他在他们之中的名声很大。
（2）As is known to us all, some students copy others' homework. 众所周知，有些学生抄别人的作业。
8. 有些表面上是 be+Ved 被动结构，事实上体现的是系表的含义，在使用时候要注意。如：be
supposed to do 应该...; be devoted to 专心致志于，奉献于；be impressed with/by 对印象深刻; be used/
accustomed /adjusted to 习惯于; be equipped with装备着, 配备着; be lost in迷失于, 沉浸于; be buried in埋头
于；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be occupied with 忙于；be engaged in全身投入于；be based on 基于，在...
基础上；be involved in/with参与，牵涉到；be exposed to暴露于，接触； be linked /related to与...有联系；
be associated/ connected/ concerned with与...有联系；be made of由...制成；be trapped/stuck/caught in陷于...之
中；be seated at/in/on坐在；be dressed in穿着...；be set in 背景设置在...；be aimed at旨在；be covered with
覆盖着...；be addicted to对...上瘾；be filled with 充满着...；be crowded with 挤满着...；be known for (as)
因/以...而闻名；be tired with/of 对...身体累/心理累；be interested in对...感兴趣； be pleased /satisfied with
对...满意；be concerned/worried about 对...担忧；be fed up with 对...厌恶；be faced with 面临着...；be
located/situated in/on 位于/坐落于；be armed with 武装着，配备着；be adapted to 适应，习惯于；be
decorated with装饰着...；be compared with/to与...相比；be prepared for为...做好准备；be burdened with肩负
着，负担着；be furnished with 配备着；be intended/designed for 专为...而设计，专为...提供；be
regarded/treated as被认为...，被当作。例如：
（1）The school uniform is very important because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my
way to study hard. 校服很重要，因为它总是提醒我，我应该努力学习。
（2）Nowadays, senior middle school students are burdened with all kinds of homework and are always
exhausted. 如今，高中生负担着各种各样的作业，经常疲惫不堪。
（3）For the first few days I was busy with everything, later I'm occupied with nothing. 开始几天还很开心
的忙碌着各种事情，后来慢慢的转向无所事事。
（4） "Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods," explains
Dr. Kerry Jones. “经常接触各种蔬菜的孩子更有可能尝试新的食物。”凯利·琼斯博士解释道。
（5）Traditional red pockets are often decorated with gold Chinese characters, such as happiness and wealth.
传统的红包通常饰有金色的汉字，比如福和富。三、不能用被动结构的情况。
1. 连系动词本身的主动形式已经表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, appear, taste, sound, remain，
keep, stay, prove等。其中prove作为及物动词可以用被动语态。例如：
（1）Judy, the cake you baked tasted so delicious. 朱迪，你烤的蛋糕真好吃。
（2）Whether Captain Turnbill or I were right, remains to be proved later. 究竟是特恩比尔船长对还是我
对，尚待日后加以证实。
2. rise, happen, disappear, succeed, remain, come, go, lie, take place, break out, lose heart等不及物动词
或不及物动词短语不可以跟宾语，当然没有被动语态，不要受汉语影误用被动语态。像belong to, consist
of, add up to, come to, agree with, happen to等虽然可以跟宾语，但不可以用被动结构。例如：
（1）The sea level has risen about 10-25cm in the last 100 years. 在过去的100年中，海平面上升了大
约10到25厘米。
（2）She and her children see the many things that belonged to him around the house, but he is gone.她和
孩子们凝视着房子里曾经属于他的东西，但他已经不在了。(注意：句中的gone是形容词，is gone是系表
结构，不是被动语态)
3. 反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、V-ing形式及抽象名词等作宾语时，不能变为被动句子
的主语。
We thoroughly understand each other/one another, even if we don’t always agree. 我们彼此非常了解, 虽然
有时候也有一些分歧.
Let us work hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life. 让我们努力工作，好好学习，过幸福
健康的生活。
Giving too much attention to unimportant matters will waste your valuable time. 过分注意琐碎事儿会浪费
你宝贵的时间。
4. 及物动词reach (leave, enter)等的宾语表示“处所”或“地点”, join等的宾语表示“组织”,
suit“适合”, have(own) “拥有”, hold“容纳”, benefit（有益于）, lack“缺少”等不用被动语态。还有动词
fail, last, cost, like, wish等表示状态的及物动词的主动句也不能变为被动语态。例如：
The students entered the classroom one by one. 同学们陆陆续续进了教室。I could never forget the day that I joined the Party. 我永远忘不了我被接受入党的那一天。
The spacious parking area can hold more than 200 cars to park. 宽敞的停车场可容纳200余辆轿车停
放。
比较：The United Nations Climate Change Conference 2011 was held in Durban, South Africa from
November 28 to December 11. 2011年联合国气候变化大会于12月11日到28日在南非德班举行。
4. 完成进行时不用被动语态形式
I have been reading Shakespeare lately; I have read all the comedies and some of the histories.我最近一直在
读莎士比亚的作品，已经读完了他所有的喜剧和一部分历史剧。
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.到了月底他在这里居
住/工作/学习就满十年了。
I had been writing about the Internet from 1996 to 2002. I found that I didn't have any right to voice my
opinions, I wanted to have an article, but there was no place where I can write my article.
从1996年到2002年，我写了六年有关互联网的文章，但我在网络里居然连一个发表权都没有，要发
一篇文章，你就是发不出来。
【牛刀小试】
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式完成下列各句。
1. An international economic and trade exhibition ______ (hold) in Beijing next week.
2. The other day, Peter _____ (question) how much money _____ (steal) in all by the end of last month.
3. He _____ (leave) his hometown five years ago, since when he _____(live) a hard life. Although he telephoned
me that his new house _____ (build) soon in his city, his wish _____(not come) true so far. I do wish his dream
______ (can realize) earlier.
4. It ______ (report) that the railway ______ (complete) by the end of next month.
5. But a watch could _________ (never repair) itself, for it _________(not consist of) living parts.
6. When she made up his mind to go home she realized a lot of tea should _______ (buy) for her family and her
friends.
7. Water ______ (say) to consist of oxygen and hydrogen.
8. A large piece of cloth should ______ (lay) over the floor or furniture while a room _____ (paint).
9. Great changes _______ (take place) in my home village in the past few years.
10. Besides, all I said, though it _______ (sound) strange, was absolutely true to fact.
Keys: 1. will be held 2. was questioned; had been stolen
3. left; has been living; would be built; hasn’t come; could be realized4. is reported; will have been completed; invented
5. never repair; does not consist of
6. be bought
7. is said
8. be laid; is being painted
9. have taken place
10. sounded
