文档内容
第 01 讲 动词不定式
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航..........................................................................................................................2
02 知识导图·思维引航 .....................................................................................................3
03 考点突破·考法探究 .....................................................................................................3
【基础详单】 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . . . 3
知识点1 不定式的概念及特点4
知识点2 不定式的时态和语态 ..............................................................................................4
考点一 不定式的句法功能 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . . . 4
知识点1 作主语 .....................................................................................................................4
知识点2 作宾语 .....................................................................................................................5
知识点3 作补语 .....................................................................................................................6
知识点4 作表语 .....................................................................................................................7
知识点5 作定语 .....................................................................................................................8
知识点6 作状语 ....................................................................................................................9
考点二 不定式的特殊用法.............................................................................................................11
知识点1 疑问词+不定式 .....................................................................................................11
知识点2 不定式的省略 .........................................................................................................12
知识点3 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 ........................................................................12
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ...............................................................................................................................13
2.命题演练 ...............................................................................................................................14
三年真题考点分布题型 考情统计 考情分析
年份 卷别 不定式 考点
2024 1月浙江卷 to benefit 作目的状语
新高考Ⅰ卷 whether to bite 作宾语
新高考Ⅰ卷 to be lifted 作宾补
2023
分析近年高考真题可知，近
to teach 作目的状语
3年高考对于不定式的考查
全国甲卷 used to be（改错） 作宾语
一直是高频考点，主要考
新高考I卷 to increase 作状语
查：
新高考II卷 to see 作目的状语
新高考II卷 how to thank 作宾语 1．不定式作状语；
2．不定式作定语；
全国甲卷 was unwilling (to)改错 作宾语
语法填空 3. 不定式作补语；
全国乙卷 To strengthen 作目的状语
、 4. 不定式作主语和宾语；
2022
浙江6月卷 tells you not to do 作宾补
改错 5. 不定式的各种形式及其
浙江1月卷 to continue 作宾语
意义。
北京卷 to harm 作定语
复习目标：
上海7月卷 to achieve 作状语
1. 掌握不定式的形式和用
上海1月卷 to see 作定语
法；
2. 掌握不定式的固定搭配
和特殊用法；【基础详单】
知识点1 不定式的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词
（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。
知识点2 不定式的时态和语态
种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义
一 般
to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生 to be done 被动、将来
式
进 行 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作
不定式
式 正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完 成 to have been done 被动、发
to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前
式 生在谓语动词的动作之前
考点一 不定式的句法功能
知识点1 作主语
1. 不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)
2. 不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。
3. 常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。
【名师提醒】 1.不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬，责备”的形容
词通常用 of sb 作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest,
selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerable等。3. 以
下形容词通常用 for sb 作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe,
dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
例1： To succeed calls for hard work. 成功需要副词艰辛的劳动。
例2：It’s not easy to find your way around the small town .在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
典例1.（2024·浙江卷1月七选五）I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall
behind schedule.
【名师点睛】在分析句子结构时，遇到长难句中的非谓语动词，如果句子成分理解错误，就会曲解句意。
典例2.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【思维建模】遇到设空处为动词的题时，若句中已有谓语动词且不存在并列谓语或从句的谓语，考虑设空
词为非谓语动词。观察句子结构，it充当形式主语，则to walk作真正的主语。
【变式训练】Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________（make）eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
知识点2 作宾语
口诀 动词
希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help
名师点睛:下列动词后跟不定式和ing形式作宾语含义不同。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变）
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
mean to do 打算做某事（未做）
mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）【易错提醒】 1. 动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动
形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 2. 不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder,
show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where,
when, who等。 3. 介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实
义动词do，不定式要省略to。
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷·语法填空）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have
to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put
the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
典例2.（2023·江苏省南通市高三调研）While much attention is paid to the outside of a bag-its design, brand
and, unavoidably, its price tag, most people tends ___ ___ (ignore) the rich and complex internal life hidden in it.
【思维建模】根据句中的谓语动词tend可知此处考查非谓语形式作宾语，牢记只跟不定式作宾语的动词形
式。
【变式训练1】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
【变式训练 2】The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed ____ ____ (carry) the little rat
across the river.
知识点3 作宾语补足语
1. see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen
to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。
2. ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to
do……:
3. 用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定
式” 构成独立主格结构。
4. be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…
5.think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
【易错提醒】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语，但使役动词（make, let, have等）与感官动词（watch,
hear, feel, notice, see等）用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to；但当这些词用于被动语态
时，to不能省略（let除外）。
例1. Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
例2. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。例3. The president was reported to have visited China. 据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
例4. He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
→His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷·语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【易错提醒】考试容易只关注结构，忽略句意理解，句中对不定式被动形式的考查侧重逻辑意思的理解。
典例 2.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校联考）Two things I did may have caused people ________(think) that
something is wrong with me.
【变式训练1】On this day, the moon is said (be) its biggest and brightest.
【变式训练2】With so many problems (deal) with, I need to work overtime tomorrow.
知识点4 作表语
1. 不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语通常是 job, task, wish, hope, duty, work, thing, goal, aim,
problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea等可表示抽象含义的词。
2. 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一
般用不定式。
【名师点睛】主语部分含义实义动词do的形式时，作表语的不定式可省to。
例1. What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
例2. My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
例3. The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计
划。
例4. All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
例5. What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
典例1.（2024·全国高三专题训练）What you have to remember is (put) the glass down.
例2.（2023·重庆八中模拟）) But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is
___ __ ___ (provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot.
【变式训练】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive
corals. One option is ______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.知识点5 作定语
1. 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系。
2. 序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
3. 表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt,
plan, evidence等。
【易错提醒】如果不定式与所修饰名词为动宾关系，且是不及物动词，则在动词后加适当的介词。
【名师点睛】
1.不定式作定语：
1. His first book to be published is based on a true story.他要出版的第一本书以一个真实的故事为依据写
的。
2. The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达一个想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。
3. Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.今天我在会议上没有什么可说的。
4. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
2.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等：
1. He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
2. She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today .
3.不定式作定语，不省略介词：
1.I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。
2.Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
3. You should find a bright house to live in.你应该找一所明亮的房子来住。
4. Do you have a pen to write a letter with?你有笔可以写信吗？
5. You will have to buy a piece of paper to write the notice on.你得买一张纸来写通知。
6. At the department store there are a lot of cameras to choose from.在这个百货公司里，有很多相机可供选择。
7. He is a good person to work with.他是个值得共事的好人。
4.不定式作定语时间关系与主被动关系的区别：
1. I will attend the meeting to be held next Tuesday. (表将来, 被动)
2. I attended the meeting held last Friday. （表过去, 完成, 被动）
3. I will attend the meeting being held at the hall now. （表进行，被动）
典例1.（2022·全国甲卷）A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a
first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.典例2.（23-24高三·河北衡水·期中）Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12
April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
【变式训练 1】The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox.
【变式训练2】Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique position as the
first city _____ _____ （host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
知识点6 作状语
1. 不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边
不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
2. 不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
3. 不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard,
cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，
astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
1.不定式作目的状语：
1. To complete the project in time, the workers will have to work day and night.
2. To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.
3. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.
4. You must set out at once in order not ( so as not ) to be late for school .
5. Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.
= To/in order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.
2 .不定式作结果状语：
常用于so/such…as to…(如此…以致…)；enough …to …(足够)；only to …(结果);never to…(结果再也没有)
； too… to…(太…而不能…)等结构中。
1. She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
2. The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
3. The boy is too young to attend school. 这男孩年纪太小，不能上学。
only to do/be done: 表示一种预料之外的结果。常含有 “ 惊讶，失望，放心 ”之意。
4. She hurried to the station, only to be told that the 9:45 train had left.
她急忙赶到车站，却被告知9点45分的火车已经走了。
5. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，却发现他的飞机高高升在空中。3 .不定式作原因状语：
以下情感类形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, nice, good, clear, dangerous,
pleasant, interesting, fit, bitter, exciting, comfortable, convenient, amusing, impossible 等。在该结构中构成不定
式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。不定式中的动词必
须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
例1. She was sorry to have kept us waiting so long.她很抱歉让我们等了这么久。
例2. This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。
例3. Chongqing is hard/difficult/easy to find on this map.重庆在这张地图上很难/很难/容易找到。
例4. In many people’s opinion, that company is pleasant to deal with.
例5 The picture is pleasant to look at .这张画很好看。
例6.This building is dangerous/pleasant/comfortable to live in.这栋建筑住起来很危险，很舒适。
典例 1.（湖南天壹名校联盟 2023-2024 学年高三大联考试题）He was excited (experience)
calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not having visited China.
4 .不定式作独立成分：
to tell the truth说实话； to be honest诚实地说； to put it briefly前言之；
to be frank坦白地说； to begin/start with首先； to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是；
to put it in a nutshell简而言之
典例1.（2023·全国甲卷语法填空）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61.
(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
典例2.（2024·北京专题训练）She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world
facing “too little water or too dirty water”.
【变式训练1】Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo11 were amazed as we saw the first man walk
on the moon. But ______ (get) there those astronauts literally had to break out of the huge gravity pull of the
earth.
【变式训练2】He used different shades of ink ____ ___ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯干) and head. These
shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are firmly stating their presence.考点二 不定式的特殊用法
知识点1 疑问词+不定式
动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，
构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
【易错提醒】why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例1.我不知道怎样回到村子。
I didn’t know how I could get back to the village.
=I didn’t know how to get back to the village.
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup
explode on your tongue.
典例2.浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from
learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance.
知识点2 不定式的省略
1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）；
2. 在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前，若有实义动词do， 作宾语的不定式则省略to;
若无do, 则to不能省略。
3. 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的to可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比
关系时，则保留to。
4.下列句型常省略to：
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth? 何不做某事？
prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……例1. I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。
The girl was watched to enter the hall.
例2. He refuses t o spend time with us or d o as we tell him.（并列关系，do前省略了to）
他拒绝花时间和我们在一起，也拒绝照我们说的做。
例3. They came no t t o save us, but to conquer us.（对比关系，不能省to）
他们不是来救我们的，而是来征服我们的。
知识点3 不定式的主动形式表被动含义
不定式的主动形式
一 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时
That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。
If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。
二 在 “ be+ 性 质 形 容 词 + 不 定 式 ” 结 构 中 , 性 质 形 容 词 如 easy ，
hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。
He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。
The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。
三 不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two.
两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。
四 某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。
He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。
The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。
不定式的被动形式
一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。
A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year.
每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。
二 不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。
The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change
明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。
三 不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。一 真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024年浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that.
However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
2.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
3.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have
thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
4.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
5.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
6.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans
_____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman ever______
(appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because
of the war.
2.（湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体2023-2024学年高三试题） (satisfy) the diverse tastes of today’s
youth, sellers are putting fancy decorations on this ancient costume.
3.（广东省深圳市富源学校 2023-2024 学年调研试题）Hot liquid sugar is used (create) two-
dimensional figures like small animals.
4.（广东省六校 2023-2024 学年高三第一次联考试题）Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species
narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores
in China.
5.（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024年高三试题）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)
and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
6.(福建省厦门双十中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题)In recent years, Yucun has made the effort____
(improve) its environment and by now it has become a popular tourist destination.
7.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）“I feel quite honored to be involved in such significant
work.” Duan said. “ (create) a more beautiful world, humans and wild animals, I hope, can live in
harmony.”
8.（2024·河北省沧州市联考）That day, local Yao people took their clothes outside their house to dry and seekfortune. Later, dressed in their treasured costumes, they showcased how to make traditional clothes, performed
group weddings and gave other unique performances as a way (attract)tourists.
9.（2024·河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市第一次质量检测）Compared with Tai Chi, Baduanjin is more
suitable for beginners with its simple and gentle movements. It can enhance immunity and enable people
(relax). It is also a very low-cost social activity for the young people in China.
10.（2024·广东省广东省四校联考月考）It is believed that the bird’s oversized tail was made
(prevent) the sculpture from leaning forward when laid on a surface.
