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题型突破 01 语法填空之有提示词
（核心考点精讲精练）
近年真题考点分布
年份 语法填空
2023上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从1
2022上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态1；定从1；名从2；状从1
2021上海春考 介词1；代词1；情态1；非谓语3；祈使句1；定从1；名从1；状从1
2020上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语2；时态语态2；定从1；名从2；状从1
【思维导图】
备注： 上海高考语法填空题词性转化不设考点，这与全国高考语法填空 题 稍有所区别。出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意
原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形
形容词/
比较级 2、修饰比较级最高级的词
副词
最高级
3、less/least+adj/adv情况
1、各种时态的标志词以及特征
有提示词 时态语态
2、主动表被动情况
动词
不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补
动名词 2、动名词作主宾表定
分 词
3、分词作表定状补
【知识梳理】
考点一：给出动词
谓语动词：看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动
词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语
态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)
非谓语动词：若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非
谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。
不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；
动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语；
现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语；
过去分词done表被动、完成，可作表定状补，常考作表语、定语、状语。
技巧1：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词
就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)
【举例】（2024·上海宝山二模）
........
Your equipment____21____(ruin), and all of the fish you have worked so hard to catch are trapped.
____29____ (launch) in 2015, the GGTI is the first organization of its kind. It's brought together an organization
of governments, fishing-industry executives, seafood companies and non-profits. Their efforts to get back and recycle
the tool_____30_____(improve) marine environment, protecting fish and fishermen's way of life.
【答案】21. is ruined 29. Launched 30. will improve
【21题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：你的设备坏了，你辛辛苦苦捕来的鱼都被困住了。主语 equipment与谓语构成被动
关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is ruined。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：成立于 2015年的GGTI是此类组织中的第一个。分析句子结构可知，GGTI与
launch构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，首字母大写。故填Launched。
【30题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们回收和循环利用这些工具的努力将改善海洋环境，保护鱼类和渔民的生活方式。表
示将要发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will improve。
【举例】（2024·上海崇明二模）
........ the lions were awakened, they performed a lively flying dance. Performers ___26___ (hide) under the
costumes jumped up and down on 3-meter-high poles, drawing enthusiastic applause from the crowds.
Zheng Zeguang, China’s ambassador (大使) to the UK, ___27___ (address) the attendees at Trafalgar Square.
He expressed gratitude to the organizers and artists for ........
【答案】26. hidden 27. addressed
【26题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：隐藏在服装下的表演者在3米高的杆子上跳来跳去，赢得了人群的热烈掌声。根据
句中谓语动词“jumped”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰“Performers”，并与其之间为被动
关系，表示“被隐藏的表演者”，故应用过去分词形式。故填hidden。
【27题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：中国驻英国大使郑泽光在特拉法加广场向与会者发表讲话。分析句子可知，空处应
为谓语动词；根据下一句中的“expressed”和句意可知，应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；address
可作动词，表示“向……讲话”，与主语“Zheng Zeguang”之间为主动关系。故填addressed。
【举例】（2023·上海崇明二模）
Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident ____ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200
patterns based on ancient paintings.
【答案】has used
【解析】．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的六年里，这位40岁的上海居民用茶和勺子在古画的基础
上创作了近200个图案。根据句意和所给动词use分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状
语over the past six years可知，该句子应该用现在完成时；再根据主语the 40-year-old Shanghai resident可知，
谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has used。
【举例】（2023·上海闵行二模）
After growing for four months, the peppers ______ (harvest) on Friday. When the vegetables were ready to eat, theastronauts also completed a sensory assessment.
【答案】．were harvested
【解析】．考查时态语态。句意：经过四个月的生长，这些辣椒于周五收获。主语peppers与谓语harvest
构成被动关系，且根据后文on Friday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were harvested。
技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定
用不定式、动名词还是分词。
不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；
动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语；
现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语；
过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。
【举例】（2024·上海奉贤二模）
How can this problem be solved? ___what___ scientists have proposed is to develop hug robots. This could
offer lonely people the positive effects of getting hugged without the need ___5___(seek) a person who could hug
them.
When two people hug, they often do specific things with their hands, such as clapping the ___8___(hug) person
on the back to signal sympathy. It is important that a hug robot can perform similar gestures, too. In the study, the
scientists wanted to know whether these gestures would make a robot hug more appealing _(appealing). Volunteers
who Moffully-Il hugged generally preferred hugs with gestures to gesture-less hugs. They felt that the robot was more
friendly when___10___(perform) gestures.
【答案】 5. to seek 8. hugged 10. performing
【5题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这可以为孤独的人提供被拥抱的积极效果，而不必寻求能够拥抱他们的人。抽象名词
need后应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to seek。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：当两个人拥抱时，他们经常用手做一些特定的动作，比如拍被拥抱者的背以表示同情。
分析句子可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词person，动词hug与被修饰词之间构成被动关系，故用过去
分词的形式。故填hugged。
【10题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：他们觉得机器人在做手势时更加友好。句中perform与其逻辑主语the robot
构成主动关系，完整的时间状语从句应为when the robot was performing gestures，when引导的时间状语从
句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有 be 动词时，从句中主语和 be 动词可以省略。故填
performing。
【举例】（2024·上海虹口二模）The patent, ____23____ (award) to Apple today, outlines a system which would allow venues, like concert
halls or theaters, to use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones.
According to the patent, infrared beams could be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by the smartphone as a
command ____24____ (block) the user from taking any photos or videos.
【答案】 23. awarded 24. to block
【23题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在今天授予苹果的这项专利概述了一种系统，该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使
用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修
饰词 The patent与award是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填awarded。
【24题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：根据该专利，红外光束可以被相机拾取，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何
照片或视频的命令。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。根据句意，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰
command ，表目的，应用动词不定式。故填to block。
【举例】（2023·上海静安二模）
It means that ____7____(encourage) children to think and learn in a purely abstract way might actually make
lessons harder for them to understand and remember.
【答案】 7．encouraging
【解析】．考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着，鼓励孩子以纯粹抽象的方式思考和学习，实际上可能会让
他们更难理解和记住课程。作宾语从句的主语，表示一般性的行为，应用动名词形式。故填encouraging。
【举例】（2023·上海浦东新区二模）
According to Dobek’ design, the Mars Storage Station (MSS) will be built ___16___(accommodate) the need
for sufficient supplies. She explains how her spacecraft — the Adventure — will be joined to a space station before
flying to the MSS to load supplies.
A simulator (模拟器) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment.
Rooms with circular ceilings allow astronauts to watch ___18___(download) shows and even see places on Earth,
such as their homes.
【答案】 16．to accommodate 18．downloaded
【解析】16．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Dobek的设计，火星储存站（MSS）的建造将满足充足供应的
需要。此处accommodate作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to accommodate。
【解析】18．考查非谓语动词。句意：有圆形天花板的房间可以让宇航员观看下载的节目，甚至可以看到
地球上的地方，比如他们的家。修饰后文名词 shows 应用过去分词 downloaded，作定语。故填
downloaded。 考点二：给出形容词或副词
括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，
加the least的。
技巧3：括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加
less的，加the least的。
【举例】（2024·上海青浦一模）
“It has really evolved into a community,” Peralte says. She sends participants a weekly newsletter and often hosts
online meetings so the women get the chance to get to know one another more, share stories and feel ___29___
(distant). .......
【答案】 29. less distant
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她每周给参与者发一份时事通讯，并经常主持在线会议，这样女性就有机会进一步了
解彼此，分享故事，感觉不那么疏远。根据句意可知，此处要表达“不那么疏远”这一含义，故 distant“遥
远的，不友好的”用less distant，作表语。故答案为less distant。
【举例】（2024·上海浦东新区二模）
Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to
listen, you start to appreciate how much _____4_____ (big) the world is.”
【答案】 4. bigger
【4题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为，一旦你开始倾听，你就会开始意识到世界大得多。根据空前的much
可知，这里表示世界大得多，应用big的比较级bigger。故填bigger。
【举例】（2024·上海青浦二模）
“This can be any activity ___29 (that)___ fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away
from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop ___30___
(early) to get more steps in.”
【答案】 30. earlier
【30题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，
参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。根据句意可知此处为“早些时候”，所以用副词early的比较
级作状语，故填earlier.
【举例】（2024·上海闵行二模）
“Sometimes my husband is not an attentive page-turner. He’s interested in the music, ___29（feeling）___(feel) every note, but I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ ” she laughed. “But Robert is ___30___ (qualified) page-turner I’ve
had in my entire life.”
【答案】30. the most qualified
【30题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：“但罗伯特是我这辈子遇到的最合格的翻页者。”由句意及空后的I’ve had in
my entire life 可知此处意为“最合格的”，应用形容词最高级形式 the most qualified。故填 the most
qualified。
【举例】（2023·上海青浦二模）
There are about 28,000 orchid species worldwide. The new orchid belongs to a class called Spiranthes. There
are about 50 different kinds of Spiranthes. They are ___27___ (familiar) kind of orchid in Japan, for they appeared
in a Japanese poem dating to 759 AD．
【答案】 27．the most familiar
【解析】．考查形容词最高级。句意：它们是日本最常见的兰花，因为它们出现在公元759年的一首日本
诗中。由“in Japan”和语境可知，句子表示“它们是日本最常见的兰花”，空格处用最高级 the most
familiar。故填the most familiar。
【举例】（2023·上海宝山二模）
Night owls are the opposite of morning larks. These people have ______ (little) energy in the morning. They
would rather get a few more hours of sleep than rise with the sun. But on the other side, night owls come alive in the
late evening hours. They become energetic and find inspiration in the moonlight.
【答案】least
【解析】．考查形容词最高级。句意：这些人早上精力最少。本句“These people ”指前文“Night owls”，
与早起鸟相反，夜猫子早上的精力最少，故用形容词的最高级least修饰名词energy。故填least。
【举例】（2023·上海嘉定一模）
To my surprise, they moved without hesitation and were ____9____ (panicky) than I had thought. After half
an hour, the wind changed direction and the fire began to die down.
【答案】 9. less panicky
【解析】
考查比较级。句意：令我惊讶的是，它们毫不犹豫地移动并且没我想象中的那么惊慌失措。根据后文的
than和提示词panicky可知，此处要使用形容词的比较级，结合语境，是没“我”想象中的那么惊慌失措，
所以是less panicky。故填less panicky。（2023-2024学年上海市交通大学附属中学高三下学期英语摸底考）
While some robots 1 (intend) to assist humans, robotics can also reproduce realistic limb-like functions
for those that have lost arms, legs and other parts of their bodies. These prosthetics (义肢) have existed in one
form or another 2 at least ancient Egyptian times. Early limb replacements involved 3 (use) materials
such as wood or leather for support and balance. In the 1960s, the capabilities of prosthetics to enhance lives were
explored. This included incorporating lightweight carbon-fibre material into prosthetics__4__ ____ amputees (截肢
者) could partake and succeed in sporting activities.
However, it wasn’t until 1986 that electronic prosthetic limbs 5 (explore). Scottish inventor David
Gow began his mission to make existing pneumatic(充气的) arms easier to use, lighter in weight and more functional.
This led to the first bionic (仿生的) arm being ready for use in 1998. The first user of this bionic arm was a man
named Campbell Aird, who lost his arm 6 cancer. After experiencing the benefits of an electrically powered,
lightweight limb, Aird said at the time: “For the first time in 16 years I 7 (reach) above my head to pick a
book off a shelf. It was a great moment for me.
Today, pioneering work in robotics is allowing 8 who are missing a limb to explore the world with
better balance, accuracy, precision, speed and in some cases, even touch. 9 new competitive event called
the Cybathlon has been established to compare the speed, skills and efficiency of robotic limbs. The “arm prosthesis
race” is designed to rank new robotic arms in sensory feedback, palm rotation ability and coordination in handling
objects of different sizes, shapes and weights. Twenty countries partake in this event, 10 (far) driving the
innovation of life-changing technology.
【答案】
1．are intended 2．since 3．using 4．so that/with which 5．were explored 6．to 7．
reached 8．those 9．A 10．further
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了义肢给人们生活带来的改变，以及现如今对于机器人技术的进一步
开发以使得那些缺少身体部分的人能够平衡、准确、精确、快速地探索世界。
1．考查固定短语。句意：虽然有些机器人是为了帮助人类，但机器人技术也可以为那些失去手臂、腿和
身体其他部位的人再现逼真的四肢功能。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be intended to，意为“打算；
意图做；是用于”。主语 some robots（一些机器人）为复数，be 动词应使用复数形式。故填 are
intended。
2．考查连词。句意：这些义肢至少从古埃及时代就以这样或那样的形式存在了。分析句子结构可知，该
句使用了现在完成时，表示“自从古埃及时期义肢就已经存在了”，表示事情在过去已经发生，因此空处
需使用表示时间的连词since，意为“自……以后”。故填since。
3．考查非谓语。句意：早期的肢体替换包括使用木材或皮革等材料来支撑和平衡。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语involve doing sth.，意为“包括……”，空处应使用动名词作宾语。故填using。
4．考查连词或定语从句。句意：这包括将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中，这样截肢者就可以参加体育活动
并取得成功。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中”是为了“截肢者可以参加
体育活动”，表示目的，连词so that（这样，以便）可引导目的状语从句。另外，此处也可以表示“通过
使用这种轻质碳纤维材料，截肢这可以参加体育活动”，先行词prosthetics指物 ，空处可使用with+which
的结构引导定语从句，意为“通过……”故填so that/with which。
5．考查被动语态。句意：然而，直到1986年，人们才开始探索电子假肢。分析句子结构可知，空处在句
中作谓语，句中主语electronic prosthetic limbs为复数形式，且与explore（探索）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，
因此需使用被动语态，根据1986可知，需使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were explored。
6．考查介词。句意：这种仿生手臂的第一位使用者是坎贝尔·艾尔德，他因癌症失去了手臂。分析句子结
构可知，此处是固定短语lose to，意为“败于……；输给”，表示“把手臂输给癌症”。故填to。
7．考查时态。句意：16年来，我第一次把手伸过头顶，从书架上拿起一本书。分析句子结构可知，空处
在句中作谓语，根据后文中was可知，该句陈述过去事实，应使用一般过去时。故填reached。
8．考查代词。句意：今天，机器人技术的开创性工作使那些失去肢体的人能够更好地平衡、准确、精确、
快速地探索世界，在某些情况下，甚至可以触摸。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，空处在句中作主
句的宾语，根据定语从句连词who以及从句中are可知，先行词应为表示人的复数形式。空处可使用代词
those，泛指“失去肢体的人们”。故填those。
9．考查冠词。句意：一项名为Cybathlon的新竞赛项目已经开展起来，以比较机器人四肢的速度、技能和
效率。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一项比赛”，new（新的）为辅音音素开头的单词，因此可使用不
定冠词a表示“一场”，位于句首时首字母大写。故填A。
10．考查形容词。句意：20个国家参加了这次活动，进一步推动了改变生活的技术创新。分析句子结构并
根据语境可知，空处表示“进一步推动”，可使用其比较级形式。故填further。
1．Both of these two male characters (experience) heart-breaking break-ups recently.
【答案】have experienced
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这两个男性角色最近都经历了令人心碎的分手。结合时间状语
recently以及对现在造成的影响“伤心”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语“Both of these two male
characters”是复数，因此空格处用have experienced。故填have experienced。
2．I asked Tom to help me sweep the floor, but he said the teacher (assign) him to clean the windows.
【答案】had assigned【详解】考查时态。句意：我请汤姆帮我扫地，但他说老师派他擦窗户。结合语境可知，assign的动作发
生在said之前，此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had assigned。
3．Since January of 2020, great changes (take) place all over the world.
【答案】have taken
【详解】考查现在完成时。自2020年1月开始，全世界发生了巨大的变化。根据“Since January of 2020”可
知空处应为现在完成时，主语great changes为复数，故填have taken。
4．Their strange but delightful interaction (prove) to be a pleasure to watch and I just cannot get enough
of it.
【答案】has proved/has proven
【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：它们奇怪而愉快的互动被证明是一种乐趣，我就是看不够。根据 I
just cannot get enough of it可知，prove“证明是”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完
成时，且主语interaction为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has proved或has proven。
5．Back then, I couldn’t tell whether the movie I had just watched was good or not, but I just (keep)
watching like a thirsty man longing for water.
【答案】kept
【详解】考查时态。句意：那时候，我不知道刚刚看的电影是好是坏，但我就像一个口渴的人渴望水一样
一直看下去。结合语境可知，but后描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填kept。
6．He was under so much pressure because of the new job that he (lie) awake till mid-night.
【答案】 lay
【详解】考查时态。句意：由于新工作的压力太大，他到半夜都还没睡着。空处为谓语动词，根据“He
was under so much pressure”可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，lie使用过去式，故填lay。
7．Alice said to me that she (stay) in her hometown for two more days.
【答案】would stay
【详解】考查时态。句意：爱丽丝告诉我她将在家乡再待两天。根据主句时态可知，用过去时态。再根据
从句时间状语for two more days可知，用过去将来时。根据句意，故填would stay。
8．The Chinese teacher (grade) the writing assignments tomorrow.
【答案】will grade
【详解】考查时态。句意：语文老师明天将批改作文作业。根据“tomorrow”可知，谓语动词应该使用一
般将来时，故填will grade。
9．He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working.
【答案】has been writing
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他写了一上午的作文，现在还在工作。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。
根据句中the whole morning and he is still working以及句意可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态，表示动作从
过去某一时刻开始一直延续到至今，并将持续下去，主语He表示单数意义，故填has been writing。
10．He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
【答案】will have learned/will have learnt【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年大学毕业时，他已经学了八年英语了。空处为主句谓语动词，根据 by
the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知，主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动
作，应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。
11．The little girl cried her heart out because she (lose) her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever
going to find it.
【答案】had lost
【详解】考查时态。句意：小女孩哭得很伤心，因为她丢了她的玩具熊，她以为她永远也找不到它了。空
处原因状语从句的谓语动词，“丢玩具熊”发生在“哭泣”前，即过去之前，应用过去完成时。故填had
lost。
12．Tu Youyou proved that great honor (come) with hardships while opportunities favour the
prepared mind.
【答案】comes
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：屠呦呦证明了伟大的荣誉来自艰辛，而机会只属于有准备的人。分
析句意可知，that从句中陈述的是客观事实，所以从句的时态用一般现在时；再分析句式结构，that从句
中的主语great honor是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
13．It won’t be many years before a lot of floating architectures (seat) on water because of the
research to solve the climate crisis and escape the rising sea levels.
【答案】are seated
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于解决气候危机和逃避海平面上升的研究，在不久的将来，许多
漂浮的建筑将被安置在水面上。分析句子结构可知，seat作本句谓语，和主语floating architectures之间是
被动关系，本句是before引导的时间状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，所以用一
般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数。故填are seated。
14．Wildcats are the UK’s rarest native mammal and (hunt) to extinction in most parts of Britain for their
thick hair in the past decades.
【答案】have been hunted
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：野猫是英国最稀有的本土哺乳动物，在过去几十年中，由于
其浓密的毛发，在英国大部分地区被猎杀至灭绝。根据句中的时间状语 in the past decades，这里应用现在
完成时。主语为Wildcats，谓语应用复数，且主语和hunt之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填have
been hunted。
15．China’s Singles’ Day, the world’s biggest shopping festival, (accompany) for years by forceful
promotions and breathless hourly updates from midnight onwards.
【答案】has been accompanied
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：中国的光棍节是世界上最大的购物节，多年来一直伴随着强有力的
促销活动和从午夜开始每小时令人屏息的更新。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语部分，主语China’s
Singles’ Day和动词accompany是被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据时间状语 for years可知，应使用现在完
成时，因此，此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语China’s Singles’ Day是第三人称单数形式，助动词使用has。故填has been accompanied。
16．When research (assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with
minimum guidance.
【答案】is assigned
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当研究被分配时，教授希望学生积极地接受它，并在最少的指导下
完成它。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据主句动词 expects可知，此处应为一般现在时，结
合句意可知，从句主语 research和动词assign为被动关系，所以为一般现在时的被动语态结构。故填 is
assigned。
17．The church tower which (restore) at present will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost
finished.
【答案】is being restored
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前正在修复的教堂塔楼将很快对游客开放。这工作差不多完成了。
根据该句The work is almost finished可知，修复工作正在进行。且restore和which（即The church tower ）
之间是被动关系，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored。
18．The gym which (build) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
【答案】is being built
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：正在建造的体育馆很快就要对游客开放了。工作快完成了。此处在
which引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，由will be open to tourists soon可知，体育馆正在建造还没有完成，
且从句主语which代指先行词the gym和从句谓语动词build是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主
语是单数，be动词应用is，故填is being built。
19．When Tom entered the room, he found some students were looking at him and smiling weirdly. He was sure
that he (laugh at ).
【答案】was being laughed at
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当汤姆走进房间时，他发现一些学生正看着他，脸上带着奇怪的微笑。
他确信自己在被人嘲笑。laugh at是嘲笑的意思，根据语境可知，确信当时被嘲笑，表示过去一直发生的动
作用过去进行时，主语he和嘲笑是被动关系。用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being laughed at。
20．The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets .（book）
【答案】had been booked
【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：经理走进办公室，得知五分之四的票已经订好了很高兴。根
据语境可知，空格处的动作发生在“The manager entered the office and was happy to learn”之前，是过去的
过去，要用过去完成时。宾语从句的主语four-fifths of the tickets与谓语动词book（预订）二者是被动关系，
票是被订购，要用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been booked.
21．Of all the speakers, Harry was (young) person to speak at London Tech Week, a festival of
technology and stars of the future.
【答案】the youngest
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在所有演讲者中，哈里是在伦敦科技周上发言的最年轻的人，这是一个由科技和未来明星组成的节日。根据句中的Of all the speakers可知，这里表示在三者以上中进行比较，
应用young的最高级youngest，且最高级前应加定冠词the。故填the youngest。
22．The evening is the (blessed) time of the day. Take this time to enjoy the happy times with friends
and family. Have a laughter-filled evening.
【答案】most blessed
【详解】考查最高级。句意：晚上是一天中最幸福的时光。利用这段时间享受与朋友和家人的快乐时光。
度过一个充满欢笑的夜晚。根据上文定冠词以及句意可知为最高级，在 blessed前加most。故填most
blessed。
23．People who have benefited from good behaviour are (likely) to do something nice for
someone else later on.
【答案】more likely
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：从良好行为中受益的人以后更有可能为别人做一些好事。根据句意可
知，此处暗含比较级，意为“更可能……”，故此处应用likely“可能的”比较级作表语，故填more likely。
24．Another theme is data. Managers alike will want more data in order to understand how facilities are being
used, and the question of who owns data and what data are needed is about to become (pressing).
【答案】more pressing
【详解】考查比较级。句意：另一个主题是数据。管理者们都想要更多的数据，以便了解设施是如何使用
的，谁拥有数据以及需要什么数据的问题将变得更加紧迫。由前面的“want more data”可知，句子表示
“管理者们都想要更多的数据，以便了解设施是如何使用的，谁拥有数据以及需要什么数据的问题将变得
更加紧迫”，空格处用形容词比较级more pressing，故填more pressing。
25．Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to decide which of the two courses could be
(appropriate).
【答案】more appropriate
【详解】考查比较级。句意：由于不知道自己真正感兴趣的是什么，他发现很难决定两门课程中哪一门更
合适。表示“更合适”应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more appropriate。
26．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended.
【答案】the most wonderful
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句
子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。
“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the
most wonderful。
27．On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water
in their cells require (frequent) watering .
【答案】less frequent
【详解】考查形容词比较等级。句意：另一方面，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分
的植物不需要经常浇水。根据句意，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分的植物，与那些适应能力差，储水能力差的植物相比较，浇水频率可以低一点，设空处修饰动名词watering，应用形容
词的比较等级less frequent，为前置定语。故填less frequent。
28．While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the
(unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s.
【答案】most unforgettable
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：当人们惊讶于他们能够多么慷慨时，菲格罗亚说，这是她在麦当劳工
作12年以来最难忘的圣诞节经历。分析句子可知，空处填形容词，修饰名词 experience，作其前置定语。
根据空前 the 和后文“in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s”可知，应填形容词的最高级，即 most
unforgettable。故填most unforgettable。
29．After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working (well).
【答案】better
【详解】考查比较级。句意：与狗共处12分钟后，病人的心脏和肺似乎工作得更好了。根据句意，此处用
比较级，well的比较级是better，作状语修饰working，故填better。
30．The fact is that the higher you stand, the (far) you will see.
【答案】farther
【详解】考查副词比较级。句意：事实是，你站得越高，你看到的就越远。“the+比较级，the+比较级”，
表示“越……，就越……”，副词比较级 farther 作状语，修饰 see，farther 侧重于距离的远。故填
farther。
（2024·上海杨浦·统考二模）
Was Air Pollution Monet’s Muse (灵感之源)?
Claude Monet was a French painter who lived at the turn of the 20th century, from 1840 to 1926. He is credited
as the founder of impressionism, a painting style characterized by its use of many thin brushstrokes ____1____(create)
a dream-like quality. Impressionist paintings are celebrated for the way ____2____ seem to capture a sense of life in
motion. Monet didn’t just simply paint landscapes; he wanted to convey the sensations he experienced when he
saw them.
Many of Monet’s paintings portray the passage of time, like clouds ____3____ (drift) through the sky. The
landscapes in his paintings often have a misty appearance, ____4____ fog is clouding edges, and concealing objects
that are far away. Some researchers have suggested the mist of Monet’s landscapes ____5____ have actually been
air pollution.
Monet was painting at a time when heavy industry was starting to seriously impact the environment. This was
especially true in urban centers like London and Paris. The supposition is that Monet’s works reflect the increasing
levels of air pollution that Europe ____6____ (witness) in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ____7____
Monet’s painting career progressing, background visibility in his paintings seems to gradually decrease.In letters to his wife, Monet sometimes described the smoke and fog in London, for ____8____ he obviously
had a preference. Evidence suggests that ____9____ significant number of Monet’s works were influenced, or even
inspired, by the way air pollution affected light and vision. ____10____ air pollution was the muse for one of
modern history’s greatest artists might be true.
【答案】1. to create 2. they 3. drifting 4. as if ##as though 5. may##might
6. witnessed 7. with 8. which 9. a 10. That
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克劳德·莫奈作为印象派画家的贡献，以及他作品中可能受到
19世纪末至20世纪初欧洲空气污染影响的讨论。
【1题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：他被认为是印象派的创始人，印象派是一种绘画风格，其特点是使用许多细细的
笔触来创造梦幻般的品质。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to create。
【2题详解】
考查代词。句意：印象派绘画以其捕捉动态生活感的方式而闻名。指代“Impressionist paintings”应该用代
词they作seem的主语，故填they。
【3题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：莫奈的许多画作描绘了时间的流逝，就像天空中飘过的云。drift与 clouds 之间为
主动关系，则使用现在分词作后置定语，故填drifting。
【4题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：他的风景画往往有一种朦胧的外观，仿佛雾笼罩着边缘，隐藏着远处的物体。此处
需要表示“仿佛”的从属连词，引导方式状语从句，故填as if或as though。
【5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：一些研究人员认为，莫奈风景画中的雾气实际上可能是空气污染。此处需填入表示
“可能”的情态动词，即may或might，“may/might have been”表示对过去的推测，故填may或might。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：人们猜测莫奈的作品反映了19世纪末和20世纪初欧洲日益严重的空气污染。根据“in
the late 19th century and early 20th century”可知，witness使用一般过去时，故填witnessed。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着莫奈绘画生涯的发展，背景的可见度似乎逐渐降低。此处为“with的复合结构”作
状语，为“with+宾语+现在分词”，故填with。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在给妻子的信中，莫奈有时会描述伦敦的烟雾，这显然是他偏爱的。此处需填入关
系代词引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代先行词“smoke and fog”应该使用关系代词 which，故填
which。
【9题详解】
考查冠词。句意：有证据表明，莫奈的很多作品都受到了空气污染对光线和视觉的影响，甚至受到了启发。固定短语a number of：许多，故填a。
【10题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：空气污染是现代历史上最伟大的艺术家之一的灵感来源，这可能是真的。空格处引
导主语从句，从句的语义和成分均完整，则使用that引导主语从句，空格位于句首，故填That。
（2024·上海松江·统考二模）
Remote Work Slows Senior Housing Market Recovery
With the rise of remote work, the market for senior housing has met with problems in its recovery. Only a few
old people choose to live in senior-living communities ___1___ the growing senior population and the cancelation of
COVID-19 restrictions once making family visits difficult. ___2___ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote
work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. That is, remote work is keeping many older
Americans from moving into senior-living communities once warmly ___3___ (welcome).
When more adults began working remotely during the pandemic (流行病), they were able to check in on aging
parents easily — they ___4___ take care of their parents’ issues on short notice.
Experts have been analyzing the phenomenon in different ways. Some found that the greater flexibility to care
for parents ___5___ (mean) people’s delay in sending aged parents to expensive senior-housing accommodations.
Therefore, markets with high levels of people working from home usually have lower senior-housing occupancy
rates. Others said remote work might have some effect but also pointed to different factors. For instance, many
seniors think that their family wallets are getting thinner, making some of them reluctant ___6___ (send) to senior-
living communities.
The age at which people enter senior housing is also increasing, ___7___ serves as another sign that shows
people are choosing to delay transitioning. The rising cost of senior living weighs heavily on that decision. The CPI
(consumer-price index) for nursing homes and adult day services rose 4.5% last May compared with ___8___ in
May, 2022.
Still, many senior-housing operators are optimistic. When ___9___ (illustrate) their point, they showed an
increase in the number of people turning 80 years old over the following years and the actual wealth they have
collected. Moreover, they find remote work arrangements are decreasing in some parts of the country, ____10____
employees there have seen their lowered productivity while working from home.
【答案】1. despite 2. What 3. welcomed 4. could 5. meant 6. to be sent
7. which 8. that 9. illustrating 10. because##since##as
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了随着远程办公的流行，只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社
区，从而导致老年人住房市场缓慢反弹。尽管挑战依然存在，但许多老年住宅运营商仍持乐观态度，相信
未来会有新的发展机遇。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管老年人口不断增加，一度使家庭访问变得困难的COVID-19限制被取消，但只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社区。分析句子可知，空前为完整的句子，表示“只有少数老年人选择住在老年
生活社区”，空后为两个并列的名词短语，表示“老年人口不断增加，一度使家庭访问变得困难的
COVID-19限制被取消”，前后是让步的关系，因此应用意为“尽管”的介词despite。故填despite。
【2题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，人们转向远程工作，导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知，
空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词
what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：也就是说，远程工作使许多美国老年人无法搬进曾经受到热烈欢迎的老年生活社
区。分析句子可知，空处作senior-living communities的后置定语，是非谓语动词，welcome和senior-living
communities逻辑上是被动关系，且结合“once”可知，动作已完成，应用welcome的过去分词形式。故填
welcomed。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：当更多的成年人在疫情期间开始远程工作时，他们能够很容易地照顾年迈的父母
——他们可以在短时间内照顾父母的问题。分析句子可知，空后的动词短语为原形，结合“they were able
to check in on aging parents easily”可知，空处指“能够”，且描述的是过去的情况，应用情态动词could。故
填could。
【5题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：一些人发现，照顾父母的更大灵活性意味着人们推迟将年迈的父母送到昂贵的老
年住房。分析句子可知，空处作宾语从句的谓语，结合“found”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态
应用一般过去时。故填meant。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，许多老年人认为他们的家庭钱包越来越少，这使得他们中的一些人不愿意
被送到老年生活社区。根据“reluctant”可知，此处用固定短语be reluctant to do sth.表示“不愿意做某事”，
且send和some of them逻辑上是被动关系，应用send的不定式被动形式。故填to be sent。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：老年人入住老年住宅的年龄也在增加，这是人们选择推迟过渡的另一个迹象。分析
句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句内容，作从句主语，应用关系代词 which引导。
故填which。
【8题详解】
考查代词。句意：与2022年5月相比，去年5月养老院和成人日间服务的消费者价格指数（CPI）上涨了
4.5%。分析句子可知，空处作介词with的宾语，表示对比，指代前面的The CPI (consumer-price index) for
nursing homes and adult day services，为避免重复，应用代词that。故填that。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在说明他们的观点时，他们展示了在接下来的几年里，80岁以上的人数和
他们实际积累的财富的增加。分析句子可知，此处用了 When引导时间状语从句，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，illustrate和被省略的主语they之间是主
动关系，应用illustrate的现在分词形式。故填illustrating。
【10题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，他们发现远程工作安排在该国某些地区正在减少，因为那里的员工发现
在家工作时生产率降低了。分析句子可知，空处前后为完整的句子，空前表示“他们发现远程工作安排在
该国某些地区正在减少”，空后表示“那里的员工发现在家工作时生产率降低了”，前为结果，后为原因，
因此可用从属连词because、since或as引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。
（2023年1月·上海高考真题）
Young Enterprise
Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general
principles of running a business
(21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into
Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly
later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United
Kingdom can participate.
A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young
people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may
offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group
who have left school but have not yet started work.
An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who
volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an
ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are
there to advise: they do not run the companies.
Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be )
available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a
variety of business occupations.
A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization
which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available
communications,advice and encouragement.
【答案】
21. Originating 22. Although/Though/While 23. who/that 24. to include 25. What
26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 28. it 29. rewarded 30. at
【解析】
【导读】文章主要讲述Young Enterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于
美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的年轻人。每个Young Enterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并
根据企业的成功获得回报。
【详解】
21. Originating 考查现在分词 "originate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"the idea of
Young Enterprise"，表示Young Enterprise的想法起源于美国。
22. Although/Though/While 考查让步状语从句。"although/though/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，
意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
23. who/that 考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指
代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。
24. to include 考查动词不定式。"to include"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，
而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加to do something.故填入动词不定式to include. 句意：但通常可以将同一年
龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。
25. What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What counts for Advisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来
说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表
示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格
处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……
……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名
顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。
28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that the Advisers must come from
a variety of business occupations"。
29. rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Sponsor"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文
句子结构和语境判断。
30. 考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子
结构和语境判断。
