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考点 14 阅读之词义猜测（原
卷版）
【命题趋势】
词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。词
义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。只要找到方法，拿下词义
猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！
【重要考向】
一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；
二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；
考向一
识别词义猜测题
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
【 词义猜测题型 提分秘籍】
了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式
(1) 代词类猜词题The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.
The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.
(2) 其他类猜测题
What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?
What does the underlined word X mean?
What can we learn from the underlined sentence?
The underlined word X probably means _______.
考向二
词义猜测题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【 词义猜测题提 分秘籍】
1. 代词类猜词题做题方法
第一步：优先看划线句
第二步：前指向性
第三步：代词单复数线索
2. 其他类猜词题做题方法
根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等
词根词缀常见前缀：
表否定 dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等
anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面
表其他的
的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等
前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性
常见后缀：
表名词 -(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人)， -ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等
表动词 -(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)
有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方
表副词
向)
-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，
表形容词 -ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天
气)
后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性
(3) 因果法 —— 根据因果关系
常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that
(4) 并列法 —— 根据并列顺承关系
常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while
(5) 转折法 ——根据转折关系
常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast, instead of,
rather than
【2022年全国乙卷C篇】
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust . It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a
pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming ,
heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to_?
A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede
that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a
further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we arestill missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”
29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference. B. Conflict.
C. Balance. D. Connection.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself
"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a
group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make
such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a
baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of
them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything wasdifferent. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A. letting go of the past B. looking for a new job
C. getting rid of a bad habit D. giving up an opportunity
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to
them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the
highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember,
it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t
handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an
expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ"
and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of
lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,
and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English
in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? （ ）
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating
with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? （ ）
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a
pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him,whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some st u m bles , Chris is doing amazingly well. When he
brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂ in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for
an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the
single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on…
At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I’ll do it."
25. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they
are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China —
some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason
Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.
26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against
1【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do
some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing
because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）
The world is getting greener, according to a new study published in Nature this week.
Chi Chen, lead author of the study, and his colleagues have been mining data collected by an orbiting NASA
camera that monitors green vegetation on Earth’s surface, day by day. Even more interesting: They are able to show
the exact causes of increasing or decreasing leaf cover in particular areas.
In some cold places, increase in leaf cover apparently resulted from global warming. Since the climate is
becoming more and more temperate and the growing season is getting longer and longer, the plants are growing
bigger and leafier there.
1．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “temperate” in paragraph 3?
A．Warm. B．Wet.
C．Cold D．Dry.
（2022·河北石家庄·一模）
30 years later, Bob and his wife, Jill Welch, decided to turn their wedding into a fundraiser for the Make-A-
Wish Foundation. Their wedding guests financed two wishes for local children, more being planned. Many donated
generously to the cause, spending more, perhaps, than they might have if it was just to buy the couple a wedding
gift like fine china or a kitchen appliance. Bob said their wedding donation to the Make-A-Wish Foundation isn’t
going to be “one and done”. The two plan on continuing to contribute going forward.
37．What does the underlined part “one and done” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Once-only. B．Non-stop. C．Sizable. D．Personal.
（2022·河北张家口·一模）
In the late 1930s, a collection of 14 gold Roman coins, known as the Chapipi treasure, was also found in the
same woodlands. The researchers believe that local people may have buried their coins to keep them safe during aperiod of intense political instability in the region. The most recent coin in the newly-discovered Grado collection
dates to A．D．430, which was after the Suebi—a group of Germanic people originally from modern-day
Germany and the Czech Republic—pushed the Romans out of Spain in A．D．409, according to El Pais.
11．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A．The Romans. B．The coins. C．The woodlands. D．The researchers.
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
Besides, 10% of rich countries greenhouse gas emissions come from food that was grown and never eaten.
Food waste not only contributes to climate change, but also food insecurity and extreme poverty. As stated above,
in the greatest food wasting countries, there are laws that confine produce from being donated to people in need.
15．What does the underlined word “confine” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Refuse. B．Restrict. C．Contact. D．Protect.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The yogurt that’ s past its sell-by date. The banana in your lunch that turned brown. The leftovers in the fridge
that you forgot to eat. For most people, all that food goes right into the garbage can.
Eight to ten percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (放) are related to food waste, according to a report by
the U. N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “When you throw away an egg or a sandwich,” says
Yvette Cabrera, food waste vice director at the Natural Resources Defense Council ( N. R. D．C．) ,“you’ re also
throwing away all the resources that went into producing those things.”
That includes not only all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went into producing that food, but also the
massive amounts of fossil fuels used to power the farms, transport the food, and create the packaging.
30．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The leftovers in the fridge. B．The packaging for products.
C．The thrown egg or sandwich. D．The resources to produce food.
（2022·宁夏·银川一中一模）
The Yawa technology is an example of best practice in the circular economy. Materials used to build the
machine are recyclable. The technology is even being adjusted to local air quality, a response to the challenges
caused by air pollution. But most importantly, the technology can be used, owned and repaired by the communities
it serves, even if they are not clear on the science behind it.
“When I was first testing this technology in different rural communities, I spent a lot of time explaining thetechnical aspects of it,” Hidalgo said. “At one point a woman stopped me and looked me in the eye and said,
‘Young man, I just want water.’ And that changed something inside of me, and I knew that I had to keep things
simple.”
39．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 imply?
A．The woman didn’t trust Yawa.
B．The woman badly needed water.
C．The science behind Yawa was complex.
D．The test on Yawa was disappointing.
（2022·北京丰台·一模）
One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have
limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain
locations, trying to optimize their days.
5．What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Slow down. B．Keep a record of.
C．Think back on. D．Make the most of.
（2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模）
Nesmith rarely rejoined the others for reunion tours, leading many to believe he disliked the band and the
show, something he steadfastly denied. For the Monkees’30th anniversary he persuaded the others to reunite to
record a new album, “Justus,” for which all four composed the songs and played the instruments. He also rejoined
the others for a brief tour and wrote and directed their 1997 TV reunion film, “Hey, Hey, It's the Monkees.”
17．What does “a brief tour” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．A fast trip. B．A short holiday.
C．A road show. D．A temporary party.
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Plastic tubes hook up to the taps and connect them to one another. The sap flows into a collection tank in the
woods. From the collection tank, the Gagnes pump the sap into a ma-chine to remove a lot of the sap’s water.Then
it’s moved into an evaporator in a building called “sugar house”. The Gagnes make a fire out of maple wood chips.
The fire heats the sap and boils it. When it reaches 219 degrees, the syrup is ready to be made.Syrup is poured into glass or plastic bottles. But 150 years ago, sugar makers used tin cans. These containers
could prevent syrup from seeping out and allowed them to ship it far from home and helped maple become a big
business.
21．What does the underlined word “seeping” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Breaking. B．Blowing. C．Looking. D．Leaking.
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
People’s sensitivity to blood sugar is also dampened when they’re tired, the study found, which suggests
those who don’t sleep well are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. “We saw that the fatty tissue is attempting to
increase its capacity to store fat following sleep loss.” said Dr Cedernaes, “And we observed signs of breakdown of
skeletal muscle. We also noted changes in levels of proteins involved handling blood glucose. This could help
explain why the participants’ glucose sensitivity was impaired following sleep loss.”
33．What does the underlined word “dampened” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Decreased. B．Transformed.
C．Transmitted. D．Promoted.
