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考向 24 阅读理解之词义猜测题
英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：
（1）旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most
famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。
根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。（2）合成词、
转化词与派生词，如 shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；（3）“灵
活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；（4）“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有
名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景（5）超纲生词。
猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，
而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、
同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、
句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解
的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等
理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】
1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在
特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义
的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之
间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
The underlined word “…” in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.
By saying “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.
In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?
The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.
【应试技巧】词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词
技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可
脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：
unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的
含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the
outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，
可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的
含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的
两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the
seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman
scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to
study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从
已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯
定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
...A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an
Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不
至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文
提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考
查的热点。
【典例示例】【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do
some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those
who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because
they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
……
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they
have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些
没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释
义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解
释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally
supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is
more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across
Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?
A. Growing interest in organic food.
B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food.
D. Higher prices of organic food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一
样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,
although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one
thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem exceptwhen we take special pains to think about the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take our time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
【答案析】A
【解析】由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然
不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and
sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway.
The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing
cars on the shoulder.”
63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。
【检测训练】
1
As a classic love movie of the twentieth century, Titanic makes one scene a long-lasting cinematic shot: Jack let go
of his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance of living to his lover Rose, who finally survived on a
wooden door debris (残骸).
More than 100 years since the disastrous event and more than two decades after the earliest release of the movie
Titanic, there have been many “door theories”. Audiences debate heatedly over whether or not Jack and Rose could have
both fit onto the wooden debris and survived. So, was there room for Jack?
In a TV program, hosts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica (复制品) of the wooden
piece from the movie, and the two proved that if they had tied Rose’s life jacket to the bottom of the door to strengthen
its buoyancy ( 浮 力 ), they would have managed to stay afloat.
However, their conclusion was debunked when director Cameron said that the freezing water and Jack’s high
temperature would have made the life jacket solution impossible. He also said that the debate is beyond the point the
movie was trying to make, which is focused on the tragic love story of Jack and Rose, not physics.The largest debris recovered from the real Titanic is now displayed in the Maritime Museum. The museum’s
website states that a replica was once built for the movie based on the museum’s Titanic collection which was known as
the “door” used in the death scene. Unfortunately, the size of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose on top could
work, but not if Jack’s additional weight was added to it.
In a word, science has proven that Jack didn’t die for nothing and did indeed sacrifice himself to save the love of his
life.
1. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To lead into the topic.
B. To introduce a movie.
C. To raise a question.
D. To highlight characters.
2. What is the conclusion of Jamie and Adam based on?
A. The development of the plot. B. A physics experiment. C. The theme of the movie. D. A
heated debate.
3. What does the underlined word “debunked” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Confirmed. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Concerned.
4. We can infer that the movie’s ending is .
A. unrealistic B. confusing C. reasonable D. surprising
2
It’s hard to overstate just how much Writer’s Digest has survived to make it to its centennial. The Great
Depression. World War II. The many wars and societal revolutions of the ’50s, ’60s, and ’70s. The technological
revolution and the creation of the internet. The shift from being family-owned business to a corporation with investors.
And most recently, global pandemic(流行病).
It is because WD survived all that, that I view this anniversary issue as a love letter to every single person who has
contributed to keeping WD alive over these amazing, and tough, and change-filled 100 years. Thank you to the
Rosenthal family for starting a magazine—a community—like this. To the publishers, editors, and all the other behind--
the-scenes folks who made sure each issue over the many decades was the best it could be, thank you for your hard work
and long hours. To the absolutely incomparable list of writers who shared their wisdom, insights, and encouragement:
This magazine was made better by your contributions.
But most of all, this is a love letter to our readers. You give the magazine purpose and the motivation to keep going.
Without you, WD wouldn’t exist, so on behalf of all the current and former WD staffers, we offer our sincerest thanks.You’ll see a collection of new columns coming in 2021. We are thrilled to have Bryan Washington, award-winning
author of the short story collection Lot and the new novel Memorial, as our first guest columnist. The WD team started
planning this issue more than a year ago and putting it together has been a joy. We hope you find as much pleasure and
inspiration in reading it as we found in creating it. See you in year 101.
5. What does the underlined word “centennial” mean?
A. The first publication. B. The collection version.
C. The 100th anniversary. D. The opening ceremony.
6. What do we know about Writer’s Digest from the text?
A. It has a long list of guest columnists.
B. It was once a family-owned business.
C. It is financially supported by the community.
D. It contributed to the technological revolution.
7. What can we infer about the author?
A. She used to be a novelist. B. She is with Writer’s Digest
C. She was a business owner. D. She is one hundred years old.
8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A. To express gratitude. B. To promote sales.
C. To introduce a magazine. D. To employ new staff.
3
Last year, I went through every high school senior’s nightmare: I was refused from all the colleges I applied to. It’s
not that I was a bad student. I had a narrow vision, applying only to some key schools. So when I got refused, I got into a
panic. I thought there was only one path to success, and I wasn’t on it. While all my friends were picking out twin extra-
long sheets, I was left wondering what kind of future I could have.
When my panic faded, I signed in the community college. I wasn’t excited. I imagined community college
classrooms with incompetent teachers that taught their students to sleep. I was so wrong. My art history professor was so
poetic, and her lectures felt spoken word. My classmates were intelligent and came from all walks of life — still figuring
things out like me.
I decided to give myself a year of experiment. Aside from general education, I took a range of classes. I know it
seems like a random kind of classes, but it allowed me to know what I like and don’t like. I used to have this idea that I
had to rush in order to achieve a certain level of success by a certain age, but a year of community college has taught me
to slow down, and to recognize that things take time to adjust. I still hope to transfer to a four-year university next year,but I’ll be going about it as a more mature person.
Being around students from all walks of life has made me realize that I’m not late in the game at all. There’s more
than one way to get where you want to be.
9. What caused the author’s “high school senior’s nightmare”?
A. He was rejected by the colleges he applied to.
B. He didn’t do well in some subjects at school.
C. He only took some key schools into consideration.
D. He got confused about which school to apply to.
10. What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 1?
A. The author’s friends have extra sheets.
B. The future for the author’s friends is clear.
C. The way to success is long for the author’s friends.
D. The author’s friends have many choices.
11. Why was the author unhappy in the community college at first?
A. His art history professor was extremely expressive.
B. He didn’t like studying with students from all walks of life.
C. He thought the teachers in the community college had poor ability.
D. He learned students in the community college always slept in class.
12. What did the author learn from his experience in the community college?
A. There’s no need to hurry to achieve certain success.
B. A year of experiment is not worthwhile for him at all.
C. The way to success is to transfer to a four-year university.
D. It’s a waste of time being around students from all walks of life.
4
What defines (定义) a generation? Often, experts say, members of a generation are defined by the events that
shaped their lives as young adults.
“World events like wars, pandemics (大流行病) and racial unrest can be especially formative,” says Meg Jay, a
psychologist and author of “The Defining Decade: Why Your Twenties Matter — and How to Make the Most of Them
Now”. Because our 20s are often when we have our first jobs and first relationships and first moves and first real-world
experiences, these big events become important parts of our life stories.
In 2020, it was a pandemic.
For the last three months of 2020, the Monitor followed twelve 2l-year-olds from around the world. We wanted tounderstand how this global health crisis is encoding itself in the cultural DNA of a generation coming of age in its
shadow. Their lives and circumstances as they rolled into 2021 varied wildly. But the lives of the 2l-year-olds we met had
many obvious similarities. Separately, for instance, the internet was their collective lifeline to the world. In Mexico, an
art student isolating in her family home posted a daily piece of art to Instagram to remind herself that time had not
stopped altogether. In Germany, a labor organizer negotiated contracts and planned strikes via Zoom.
By the end of 2020, many of the world’s 21-year-olds had lost jobs; others wondered if they’d ever find one. In the
U. S, youth unemployment doubled between July 2019 and July 2020. Also, the pandemic opened fault lines, and
stressed old ones. In India, Jordan, and South Africa, our 21-year-olds wondered how they’d collect enough money for
mobile data for online studies. In Mexico, Canada, and Germany, 21-year-olds reflected on loneliness as a privilege —
that they were alone because they could isolate, their lives not dependent on doing otherwise.
We found a generation suspended (悬停) between the world they’d grown up in and uncertain arrival of their future.
13. According to Meg Jay, what determines the future of the people in their twenties?
A. Their fundamental changes of working circumstances.
B. Their great efforts of coping with uncertainties in life.
C. Their first experiences of the major events then.
D. Their deep reflections on the attitudes to life.
14. What does the underlined words “fault lines” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Significant employment challenges. B. Potential social problems.
C. Special individual privileges. D. Global health crises.
15. What’s the writer’s attitude towards today’s 20s?
A. Approving. B. Negative. C. Critical. D. Concerned.
16. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The World Children Have Grown up in Defines a Generation
B. A Young Generation Was Suspended But Ready to Start
C. A Great Pandemic Has Brought Various Global Crises
D. World Events Changed the Lives of Young Adults
5
When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, the listeners react wildly. Some pull his hair
or jump on his piano. Others steal his music. The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are truly wild—
wild monkeys to be exact.
Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild monkeys. The pianist hopes
the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19) crisis.The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer
people come to see the monkeys and feed them.
The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's
Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and touch his head. But, Barton
keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument. Other monkeys
take control of his music papers. “I was glad and surprised to find that they were actually eating the music as I was
playing it.”
The monkeys are Barton's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living in special protected
areas. Barton hopes to raise people's awareness of the monkeys' hunger. At the same time, he hopes to study their
behavior as they react to classical music.
“Come together and don't let the pandemic stop the wild monkeys getting good nutritious food. We need to make an
effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-old Barton.
17. Why does the musician play to the wild monkeys?
A. To see the wild animals just being themselves.
B. To study their behavior as they react to pop music.
C. To raise money for the wild monkeys' hunger.
D. To help calm them during COVID -19 crisis.
18. What kind of music docs the musician play?
A. Contemporary music. B. Classical music.
C. Country music. D. Popular music.
19. What docs the underlined phrase “eating the music" in Paragraph 4 refer to ?
A. Stealing his music papers. B. Eating his music papers.
C. Disturbing his performance. D. Enjoying his playing
20. What can we infer from the text?
A. Wild monkeys like to play with the musician.
B. People will start to protect the wild monkeys.
C. The COVID-19 has damaged much to the world.
D. Music can make the wild animals more active.
6
Carbon is a chemical element which is present in organic compounds that make us organisms, plants as well as
fossil. It is a vital component of the greenhouse gas CO , the highest percentage of the global warming gas in the
2
atmosphere.These Green House Gases (GIIGs) along with other factors are responsible for the most discussed issues affecting
the planet, climate change. Climate change has and still releases a huge set of environmental disasters which are fueling
the difficulty of survival on the planet. In order to eliminate, reduce and adapt to these risks of survival, individuals,
organizations, and countries will have to adopt carbon neutrality measures. The main aim of carbon neutrality is to
achieve a net-zero emission either by balancing the emission or absorbing of carbon or quit the production of carbon.
However, to really understand carbon neutrality, the carbon cycle should be first understood
The carbon cycle is the transfer of carbon through different media. Carbon has the ability to move in different media
in different forms at different rates and tines. These different factors (rate, time, and media) are the phenomena
underlying carbon neutrality. For instance, carbon released into the atmosphere by the rapid burning of fossil fills back as
rain in the form of carbonate (碳酸盐) and is absorbed by the reservoirs (oceans, surface water, and the earth surface).
Even though the exchange of carbon between some of these reservoirs takes a long time, some over 100 years, carbon
was absorbed until now. The main problem existing today is that the emissions of CO are too high to be offset by the
2
reservoirs, thereby leaving the offsetting task to us.
The European Union (EU) is taking all measures it can to offset carbon through Emission trading system which
helps industries to manage their carbon footprints. Similarly, China, which is responsible for 25% of the world's CO
2
emissions due to its economic and industrial structure is currently decreasing its energy consumption/GDP and CO
2
emission/GDP, while increasing is forest cover and air quality through its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) carbon
neutrality actions.
21. What does the underlined word "fueling" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Experiencing. B. Overcoming. C. Increasing. D. Ending.
22. How does the author explain the carbon cycle?
A. By giving an example.
B. By comparing media.
C. By analyzing data.
D. By describing a task.
23. What can be learned from the text?
A. GHGs take the whole blame for the climate change.
B. Carbon exchange takes little time.
C. The contribution of the EU is not obvious.
D. China las a clear goal in low-carbon efforts.
24. Which column is the text most likely taken from?A. Politics. B. Environment. C. Commercial. D. Lifestyle.
7
We all need waler to survive, but the general recommendation has been to drink more and more, with many
guidelines now advising a minimum of eight glasses a day. Is there any evidence showing that this makes sense? The
short answer is no. Studies looking at water intakes over 10 years in the elderly fail to show any benefits of extra water
on kidney function or lifespan.
Clever marketing from bottled water companies has not only convinced us that we need to drink more water, but
also that expensive bottled mineral water is somehow better for us. We now drink more bottled water than ever before,
with the global industry growing rapidly at 10 percent a year. By 2025, the global market is estimated to be worth ＄215
billion. But research shows that tap water nowadays is perfectly safe, and with added fluoride （氨化物）, it is also
good for our teeth. There have been studies showing that tap water contains traces of common pharmaceutical（制药
的）drugs, but they have also found the same levels when testing bottled water. Although water in many areas contains
chemicals, the levels are too small to make a noticeable difference to our health.
Bottled water has devastating environmental costs, which is self﹣evident as there are already abundant reports on
pollution caused by plastic bottles, and no proven health benefits. And, does it taste better?Probably not. On the
contrary, there are even blind tastings showing that tap water scores higher than most mineral water.
So, still hesitate when presented with both bottled water and tap water?Probably you should not now. My advice is
to stick with tap water: you will be reducing the global environmental cost of half a trillion plastic bottles piling up each
year and taking a stand against the power of marketing.
25. According to the first paragraph，we can know________.
A. eight glasses of water a day does harm to the elderly.
B. eight glasses of water a day isn't so scientific as we thought.
C. water is essential for us to survive.
D. drinking extra water benefits our kidney.
26. According to the author， which of the following might be a reason behind people's choosing bottled water over tap
water?
A. Tap water contains too much common pharmaceutical drugs.
B. Bottled water is rich in various minerals.
C. People are influenced by bottled water companies' marketing strategies.
D. Tap water is not so tasty as bottled water.
27. What does the underlined word "devastating" in paragraph 3 mean?A. Potential.
B. Beneficial.
C. Challenging.
D. Damaging.
28. What message does this passage convey?
A. The more water we drink， the healthier we will be.
B. Tap water should become our first choice of drinking.
C. Both bottled water and tap water should be our main choices when thirsty.
D. Bottled water and tap water both have a lot of advantages.
8
As a child, Jane Goodall had a natural love for the outdoors and animals. And at age 23, she left for Nairobi, Kenya.
There, Jane met famed Dr. Louis Leakey, who offered her a job at the local natural history museum. She worked there for
a time before Leakey decided to send her to the Gombe Stream Game Reserve in Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees.
He felt her strong interest in animals and nature, and her knowledge as well as high energy made her a great candidate to
study the chimpanzees.
In December 1958, Jane returned home to England and Leakey began to make arrangements for the expedition(考
察), securing the appropriate permissions from the government and raising funds. In May 1960, Jane learned that Leakey
had gained funding from the Wilkie Brothers Foundation.
Jane arrived by boat at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika with her mother.
The early weeks at Gombe were challenging. Jane developed a fever that delayed the start of her work. Finally, an old
chimpanzee named David Greybeard began to allow Jane to watch him. As a high-ranking male of the chimpanzee
community, his acceptance meant other group members also allowed Jane to observe. It was the first time that Jane had
witnessed David Greybeard using tools. Excited, she telegraphed Dr. Leakey about her observation. He wrote back,
"Now we must redefine 'tool' and 'man' or accept chimpanzees as humans."
Jane continued to work in the field and, with Leakey's help, began her doctoral program without an undergraduate
degree in 1962. At the University of Cambridge, she found herself at odds with senior scientists over the methods she
used—how she had named the chimpanzees rather than using the more common numbering system, and for suggesting
that the chimps have emotions and personalities. She further upset those in power at the university when she wrote her
first book, My Friends, the Wild Chimpanzees, aimed at the general public rather than an academic audience. The book
was wildly popular, and her academic peers were outraged. Dr. Jane Goodall earned her Ph. D. on February 9, 1966, and
continued to work at Gombe for the next twenty years.29. Why did Leakey appoint Jane to Tanzania?
A. Jane asked to change her workplace.
B. Jane was not suitable for her previous job.
C. Jane's abilities and talents were discovered.
D. The natural history museum was out of business.
30. What does the underlined phrase "at odds" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Agree. B. Disagree. C. Resemble. D. Coincide.
31. In the opinions of the academic peers, what was the value of Jane's first book?
A. A new direction of knowledge.
B. A common achievement.
C. Worth farther discussion.
D. Absolute nonsense.
32. What can we learn from Jane Goodall?
A. Challenging senior scientists is a must in gaining fame.
B. Cooperation is the only key to making significant discoveries.
C. Passion and hard work can make a difference in scientific research.
D. The ability to raise funds counts for achieving great success.
