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考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习

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考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习
考向33完形填空之议论文类(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习

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考向 33 完形填空之议论文类 文体分析 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释 事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文,它涉及的范围要小得多。 英语议论文主要是就某一主题,在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上,通过论证、推理辩论等手段,试图让读者最 终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点,但力图通过推理让读者赞同 自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。 不管是在汉语中,还是在英语中,议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象、论据(用来证 明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法),这三个要素构成的, 这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提出问题,即 what)、本论(分析问题,即why)和结论(解决问题,即how)三个部分构成,其具体的结构模式又有以下 三种: 模式一:引言段(提出观点)——正方论点心(支持作者的观点的较弱论点)、正方论点 2(支持作者的 观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议) 在这种模式中,文章主体段(中间部分)的每一个部分论述一个论点,这些论点以其重要性按序排列,最 有力、最重要的论点在最后面,以示强调。 模式二:引言段(提出观点)——反面意见(反方观点+作者的反驳)、正方论点1(支持作者观点的较弱 论点)、正方论点2(支持作者观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论段(总结 +解决方法,论断或建议) 在这种模式中,文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳,以后各部分仍分 别陈述作者的不同论点。 模式三:引言段(提出观点)——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反 方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)在这种模式中,作者在文章主体段 的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点,然后再进行反驳。 英语议论文的语言特点 由于与其他文体相比,英语议论文类似英语说明文,因此,它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点,比如:时 态较为统一,多用现在时;强调语言表达的客观性;尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独立的文体,英语 议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式: 1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子与英语说明文相比,英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点,因此, 在词语表达上除了客观之外,还必须注意委婉。在英语中,常用虚拟语气,让步状语从句和情态动词can, could,may,might,would,should等。请看下面两组有关“面试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字: (1)No one should be admitted into(招收进)college without a personal interview(面试).What can admissions people(招生人员)tell from a piece of paper?They can tell nothing.Only when they see a student face to face,can they decide what kind of a person he is. (2)Though admissions people can learn some things from a piece of paper,such as how well a person writes and what he is interested in there may be many other things that an application (申请表)can not tell but can only be seen in a personal interview.The way a person talks,the way he thinks about and answers questions,the way he reacts(反应),are all important facts of a person which can not be found on a piece of paper. 两段文字都强调“大学生入学必须面试”,但相比之下,例(2)用了情态动词,though引导的让步状语 从句等表达方式,语气较为委婉,更容易为读者所接受。 2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构 英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性,因此,往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词,常用 的包括:since (既然),now that(既然), therefore(因而),consequently(因此),accordingly(因 此),hence(因而),in that case(在那种情况下),because(因为),so(所以)。另外,还有些句型也常 出现在英语议论文中,比如: It follows that…(因而……),If…,we may conclude that…(如果……,我们可 以这样下结论……), Should it be the case(如果是这样的话……),Idon't want to…,but…(我并不想……, 但是……), If you admit…,then…(如果你承认……,那么……),It is true that…,but…(诚然……,但 是……), Even if…(即使……)等。 (1)如“很多人很快就会发现,他们在物质上是富裕了,精神上却很贫乏”,可以这样达: Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods,but ragged in spirit.(注:句中rich in与ragged in,goods与spirit具有正反 对比的关系和效果。) (2)如“利远远大于弊”,可以这样表达: The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.(注:句中 the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。) (3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理,但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”,可以这样表达: They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements,but have ignored a more important fact.(注:句中have noticed 与have ignored,a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。) (4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”,可以这样表达: It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(注:句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效 果)3.使用重复。 英文一般讲求简洁,因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。 (1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”,可 以这样表达: Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.(注:此句为句首重复,重复部分为句首的now it the time to) (2)如“我们渴望成功,而且正在为成功而努力工作”,可以这样表达: We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注:此句为句尾重复,重复的部分为句尾的for success.) (3)如“我相信我们能够成功,我相信我们也一定会成功”,可以这样表达: I am convinced that we can succeed,and I am convinced that we must succeed.(注:and所连接的两个语句的句首 与句尾部分同时重复,重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed) (4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代,而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”,可以这样表达: We are now living in a new era,and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注:and之前的句尾与and之后 的句首重复,重复部分为a new era.) 4.使用倒装 倒装是进行强调的一种手段,它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如,如“充满着风险与机遇的 改革的新时代正向我们走来”,可以这样表达: Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5.使用转义 转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段,主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等,比喻又包括明喻、暗 喻、换喻、提喻等。 (1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”,英文可为: What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注:此句采用明喻,明喻的 特点是使用了like一词) (2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”,英文可为: Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注:此句采用暗喻,暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处 进行比喻,与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词) (3)如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”,英文可为: I am reading Shakespeare.(注:此句采用换喻,换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称, 使用通过联想理解其含义,但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的) (4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”,英文可为:A hand is needed here.(注:此句采用提喻,提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物 的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人) 题型分析 一、题型特点 议论文文体的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题 供大家讨论。 议论文文体的完形填空一般都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依 据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)这三个要素构成,这也是一个提出 问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。 另外,英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点。因此,在词语表达上除 了客观之外,还比较注重委婉。作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气, 不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和 can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地使用像since, now that, therefore, in that case, because, so, but, however等过渡词和连接词。 三、解答技巧 1. 把握首段和首句完整的信息,把握全文的主旨大意 【典例示例】 All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years . It's the age when we have to deal with the most 36_____ in our life . This transition(过渡) from childhood to adulthood is 37_____ for some , but rough for others . The most important thing about being a teenager is 38______ . When we are teenagers , we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do. 36.A.chances B. changes C. feelings D. expectations 【解析】:在这个阶段我们需要面对生活中的很多改变(changes)。 37.A.smooth B. practical C. demanding D. necessary 【解析】:从童年到成年的过渡,对有些人来说是很顺利的(smooth),但是对另外一些人来说却很艰难。此处用 smooth“顺利的”,和后面的rough相对应。 38.A.knowledge B. independence C. confidence D. responsibility 【解析】:根据此空的下一句“当我们成为青少年时,我们会因犯错受到责备甚至是惩罚”可知,此处表示 “成为青少年最重要的一件事就是责任(responsibility)”。 【答案】:36.B 37.A 38.D 2. 把握作者的观点和态度议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点,而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点,把握作 者对某一事物是襄还是贬,是赞成还是反对,而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 【典例示例】 You do not have to train yourself 6_______ to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is 7______, not intensity(强度)of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends. 6.A.hard B. everywhere C. carefully D. late 【解析】:根据下文作者强调运动的关键是频度而不是强度可知:你训练的时候强度没必要很大,故选A。 7.A.time B. length C. form D. frequency 【解析】:根据文章最后一段给出的建议每周五次散步可知,运动的关键是频度而不是强度,故选 D。 time“次”;length“长度”;form“形式,表格”;frequency“频度,频率”。 【答案】:6.B 7.D 3. 论点、论据互相结合,找出选项正确答案 一般说来,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地 结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论据 与论点相惊,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分,直到清楚为止,这 样才能选出正确答案。 【典例示例】 There are four of us now in the house, but over time I've had nine people come in and move on to other places. We'd all be in 54 _______if we hadn't banded together . The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It's not so much about what I can get for myself ; it's about 55_______we can all get by together 54.A.yards B. shelters C. camps D. cottages 【解析】:如果不是大家齐心协力,那么我们都将会栖身于避难所,因此选shelters。 55.A.when B. what C. whether D. how 【解析】:D 本句点明中心:美国梦不是关于一个人能够获得什么,而是关于我们在一起如何去实现它,因此 选how。 【答案】:54.B 55.D 4.通篇阅读,围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目,并最终确定答案 逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后,一篇完整的文章便呈现出来,此时,要注意一定要通读全文,以 验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离,以求更高的准确度。 【检测训练】1 My car sweeping past the green pastures(草地), I felt the cool breeze on my face,eyes closed. The breeze felt refreshingly 1 and gave me a 2 of newly defined freedom and happiness. The breeze suddenly came to a halt 3 the car stopping due to a bit of traffic 4 by the grazing of some cute lambs. Climbing out of the car in excitement,I 5 I was in a new world, 6 my only companion was the sparkling beauty of nature all around me. Standing there, I 7 understood the meaning of freedom! In this fast paced world,where smartphones are a(n) 8 and life without internet might just be the next step to insanity(疯狂), we’ve 9 the simple pleasures in life. Just 10 for a moment to ask yourself 11 it’s been since you’ve just sat down for a while, doing absolutely 12 yet feeling perfectly happy and contented! People tend to find happiness in commodities or 13 around them, but the perfect place to start searching for happiness is 14 within you! Happiness is like a 15 . It can be spread to others, if only we are willing to splash (撒) a few 16 on ourselves! True happiness is said to be 17 when we are the 18 behind a person’s beautiful smile and immense happiness! So the next time you see someone upset or feeling low, 19 them a bit of your time and support. It doesn’t cost much, but doubles the happiness in your 20 ! 1. A. familiar B. new C. old D. strange 2. A. sense B. kind C. type D. matter 3. A. as B. since C. with D. for 4. A. happened B. occurred C. invented D. created 5. A. realized B. thought C. recognized D. discovered 6. A. which B. when C. where D. what 7. A. suddenly B. finally C. gradually D. immediately 8. A. necessity B. equipment C. tool D. treasure 9. A. conducted B. finished C. remembered D. forgotten 10. A. wait B. stop C. hold D. stay 11. A. how long B. how often C. how many D. how much 12. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 13. A. things B. goods C. data D. basics 14. A. correct B. right C. proper D. suitable 15. A. river B. well C. spring D. perfume16. A. drops B. bottles C. pieces D. bags 17. A. made B. achieved C. developed D. grew 18. A. possession B. component C. part D. reason 19. A. bring B. take C. lend D. give 20. A. soul B. mind C. heart D. spirit 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者开车驶过绿色的牧场,在清新的微风中感受到了自由和幸福的感觉,下车后接 触到美丽的自然使作者明白了自由的意义,领悟到寻找幸福的最佳地点就在你的内心,并且幸福就像香水会传 播给他人。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:微风清新,给我一种新定义的自由和幸福的感觉。A. familiar熟悉的;B. new 新的;C. old老旧的;D. strange陌生的。根据“The breeze felt refreshingly”可知微风清新。故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:微风清新,给我一种新定义的自由和幸福的感觉。A. sense感觉;B. kind种类; C. type品种,类型;D. matter事件。根据“newly defined freedom and happiness”可知是一种新定义的自由和幸 福的感觉。故选A。 3. 考查介词词义辨析。句意:随着有一些可爱的小羊羔在吃草,造成了一些交通堵塞,所以风突然停止了,汽 车也停止了。A. as作为;B. since自…以后;C. with和…一起,具有,关于,随着;D. for给,为了,关于,因 为。根据“the car stopping ”可知随着有一些可爱的小羊羔在吃草。故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:随着一些可爱的小羊羔在吃草,造成了一些交通堵塞,所以风突然停止了,汽车 也停止了。A. happened刚巧,发生;B. occurred发生;C. invented发明;D. created造成,创造。根据“by the grazing of some cute lambs”可知小羊羔在吃草,造成了一些交通堵塞。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我兴奋地从车里爬出来,我意识到我进入了一个新的世界,在那里我唯一的伴侣 是我周围闪闪发光的美丽的自然。A. realized意识到;B. thought想,认为;C. recognized意识到;D. discovered 发现,找到。根据“Climbing out of the car in excitement”可知作者意识到自己进入了一个新的世界。故选A。 6. 考查定语从句。句意:我兴奋地从车里爬出来,我意识到我进入了一个新的世界,在那里我唯一的伴侣是我 周围闪闪发光的美丽的自然。A. which哪一个;B. when什么时候;C. where哪里;D. what什么。分析句子可知, 此处是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是a new world,根据定语从句中主谓宾成分完整,可知缺少地点状语, 因此要用关系副词where。故选C。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:站在那里,我终于明白了自由的意义! A. suddenly突然地;B. finally终于,最后; C. gradually逐渐地;D. immediately立刻。根据下文“we’ve 9 the simple pleasures in life”可知作者站在那里, 终于明白了自由的意义。故选B。8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:在这个快节奏的世界,智能手机是一种必需品,没有互联网的生活可能是向精神 错乱迈出的一步,我们已经忘记了生活中简单的快乐。A. necessity需要,必需品;B. equipment设备;C. tool工 具;D. treasure财富,财产。根据“ In this fast paced world”和“and life without internet ”可知在这个快节奏的世 界,智能手机是一种必需品。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:在这个快节奏的世界,智能手机是一种必需品,没有互联网的生活可能是向精神 错乱迈出的一步,我们已经忘记了生活中简单的快乐。A. conducted 管理,引导;B. finished 完成;C. remembered记得;D. forgotten忘记。根据“ In this fast paced world”和“the simple pleasures in life”可知作者表 示我们已经忘记了生活中简单的快乐。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:停下来问问自己,自从你不亦乐乎地坐下来无所事事,却仍然感到无比的快乐 和满足,是多久以前的事了!A. wait等待;B. stop停止;C. hold持有,拥有,保持;D. stay停留,坚持。根据 上文“ In this fast paced world”和“to ask yourself”可知是停下来问问自己。故选B。 11. 考查连词词义辨析。句意:停下来问问自己,自从你不亦乐乎地坐下来无所事事,却仍然感到无比的快乐 和满足,是多久以前的事了!A. how long有多久;B. how often多久一次;C. how many多少(修饰可数名词); D. how much多少(修饰不可数名词)。根据“since you’ve just sat down for a while”可知是多久以前的事了。故 选A。 12. 考查代词词义辨析。句意:停下来问问自己,自从你不亦乐乎地坐下来无所事事,却仍然感到无比的快乐 和满足,是多久以前的事了!A. something 某事,某物;B. anything 任何事物;C. nothing 没有什么;D. everything一切事物。根据“yet feeling perfectly happy and contented”可知是坐下来无所事事,却仍然感到无比的 快乐和满足。故选C。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们往往会在他们身边的商品或物品上找到幸福,然而,寻找幸福的最佳地点 就在你的内心!A. things 事物;B. goods 商品;C. data 数据;D. basics 基础。根据“People tend to find happiness in commodities”可知是在他们身边的商品或物品上找到幸福。故选A。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:人们往往会在他们身边的商品或物品上找到幸福,然而,寻找幸福的最佳地 点就在你的内心!A. correct端正的,恰当的,正确的;B. right直接的,正确的;C. proper特有的,适当的;D. suitable合适的。根据“within you”可知寻找幸福的最佳地点就在你的内心。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:幸福就像香水。A. river河流;B. well水井;C. spring春天,泉水;D. perfume 香水。根据下文“It can be spread to others”和“splash (撒) a few 16 on ourselves”可知幸福就像香水。故选 D。 16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:只要我们愿意在自己身上洒上几滴,它就会传播给别人!A. drops下降,滴剂; B. bottles瓶子;C. pieces块,片;D. bags包。根据“It can be spread to others”和常识,可知是在自己身上洒上 几滴香水。故选A。17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:据说,当我们就是让别人露出美丽的笑容,让别人感到无比幸福的原因时,我 们就能获得真正的幸福!A. made使,做,完成;B. achieved获得;C. developed发展;D. grew生长,成长。根 据“when we are the 18 behind a person’s beautiful smile and immense happiness”可知我们因此能获得真正的幸 福。故选B。 18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:据说,当我们就是让别人露出美丽的笑容,让别人感到无比幸福的原因时,我 们就能获得真正的幸福!A. possession财产,拥有;B. component成分,组件;C. part部分;D. reason原因。根 据下文“ 1 9 them a bit of your time and support”可知当我们就是让别人露出美丽的笑容,让别人感到无比幸福 的原因时,我们就能获得真正的幸福。故选D。 19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以下次你看到有人难过或情绪低落时,借给他们一点你的时间和支持。A. bring带来;B. take拿,取;C. lend借给,向…贷款;D. give给,产生,让步,授予。根据下文“ It doesn’t cost much”可知作者建议下次看到有人难过或情绪低落时,借给他们一点你的时间和支持。故选C。 20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不会让你付出多少代价,却会让你心中的快乐加倍!A. soul灵魂;B. mind想法, 理智;C. heart心脏;D. spirit心灵,精神。根据“doubles the happiness”可知帮助别人会让你心中的快乐加倍。 故选C。 2 Nine years ago when I went to an English corner for the first time, nobody tried to talk to me. However, I have now become a(n) 21 participant at the English corner. I always give a(n) 22 smile to new comers. There have been times when I feel unable to 23 those who have an excellent command of English. But as long as I remember the 24 I received nine years ago, I feel better 25 for the challenge, for I 26 there is no point in being sorry for my own inability and the only 27 way forward is to start again from the very beginning with full 28 . The determination to start again indicates your 29 of the many opportunities ahead. You’ve all 30 read the novel Gone with the Wind, and are 31 by Scarlett, the heroine, who brings herself and the family through the 32 years of the Civil War and Reconstruction and regains her footing in Atlanta. At the end of the book, she says 33 , “After all, tomorrow is another day.” Scarlett’s persistence (坚持) and self-confidence in face of difficulty probably 34 the ever-appealing attraction of the character, and the everlasting popularity of the novel. It is true that the age in which we live is not 35 . There are a lot of hardships and barriers ahead. But, if we 36 that we always have tomorrow before us, we will not be that 37 with everything around us now. Tomorrow will be a new day. This is the 38 on which we rely. With this faith, we will 39 all that was disagreeable yesterday and discover golden opportunities to achieve that which we’ve never before 40 .21. A. rude B. anxious C. careless D. active 22. A. grateful B. encouraging C. familiar D. winning 23. A. keep up with B. take pride in C. get rid of D. make fun of 24. A. advice B. training C. treatment D. protection 25. A. allowed B. prepared C. blamed D. supported 26. A. suspect B. know C. promise D. remember 27. A. serious B. awkward C. proper D. bearable 28. A. schedule B. determination C. curiosity D. puzzlement 29. A. share B. experience C. memory D. awareness 30. A. probably B. gradually C. obviously D. frequently 31. A. impressed B. annoyed C. scared D. confused 32. A. recent B. golden C. romantic D. bitter 33. A. casually B. wrongly C. hopefully D. naturally 34. A. admit B. explain C. predict D. reduce 35. A. perfect B. reasonable C. meaningful D. difficult 36. A. declare B. forget C. realize D. doubt 37. A. patient B. busy C. connected D. dissatisfied 38. A. pride B. reality C. faith D. benefit 39. A. throw away B. show up C. seek for D. depend on 40. A. analyzed B. accepted C. designed D. obtained 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者通过自身的经历和对小说《飘》的感悟得出结论:明天是新的开始,相信有明 天,相信自己,你一定会抵达理想的彼岸。 21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,我现在已经成为英语角的一个积极参与者。A. rude粗鲁的;B. anxious 焦虑的;C. careless粗心的;D. active积极的。根据前文“Nine years ago when I went to an English corner for the first time, nobody tried to talk to me.”以及本句句首的“However”转折语义可知,作者现在已经成为积极的参与者。 故选D项。 22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我总是给新来的人一个鼓励的微笑。A. grateful感激的;B. encouraging令人鼓 舞的;C. familiar熟悉的;D. winning获胜的。根据前文“Nine years ago when I went to an English corner for the first time, nobody tried to talk to me.”可知,因为作者第一次去英语角,没有人理会,所以作者如今给英语角的新 人们送以鼓励的微笑。故选B项。23. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:有些时候,我觉得自己无法跟上那些英语掌握得很好的人。A. keep up with赶上; B. take pride in以……自豪;C. get rid of摆脱,消灭;D. make fun of嘲弄。此处讲述参加英语角的经历,根据 后文“those who have an excellent command of English”可知,作者有很多次感到难以赶上那些英语优秀的人。故 选A项。 24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:但只要我记得九年前得到的待遇,我就觉得对挑战有了更好的准备,因为我知 道为自己的无能感到遗憾是没有意义的,唯一正确的前进之路就是从一开始就有充分的决心重新开始。A. advice建议;B. training训练;C. treatment待遇;D. protection保护。根据前文“Nine years ago when I went to an English corner for the first time, nobody tried to talk to me.”可知,此处指九年前得到的待遇。故选C项。 25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:但只要我记得九年前得到的待遇,我就觉得对挑战有了更好的准备,因为我知 道为自己的无能感到遗憾是没有意义的,唯一正确的前进之路就是从一开始就有充分的决心重新开始。A. allowed允许;B. prepared准备;C. blamed责备;D. supported支持。根据前文“Nine years ago when I went to an English corner for the first time, nobody tried to talk to me.”以及后文“the challenge”可知,作者一想到九年前得到 的待遇,就觉得自己更加充分地准备好面对挑战。故选B项。 26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:但只要我记得九年前得到的待遇,我就觉得对挑战有了更好的准备,因为我知 道为自己的无能感到遗憾是没有意义的,唯一正确的前进之路就是从一开始就有充分的决心重新开始。A. suspect怀疑;B. know知道,精通;C. promise承诺;D. remember记得。根据后文“there is no point in being sorry for my own inability”可知,作者知道没必要为自己的无能而感到遗憾。故选B项。 27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但只要我记得九年前得到的待遇,我就觉得对挑战有了更好的准备,因为我 知道为自己的无能感到遗憾是没有意义的,唯一正确的前进之路就是从一开始就有充分的决心重新开始。A. serious严重的;B. awkward笨拙的;C. proper恰当的,正确的;D. bearable可忍受的。根据前文分析以及后文 “to start again from the very beginning”等信息可知,作者知道唯一能让自己前进的正确做法就是从头开始。故选 C项。 28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:但只要我记得九年前得到的待遇,我就觉得对挑战有了更好的准备,因为我知 道为自己的无能感到遗憾是没有意义的,唯一正确的前进之路就是从一开始就有充分的决心重新开始。A. schedule日程安排;B. determination决心;C. curiosity好奇心;D. puzzlement困惑。基于前文的分析,根据后文 “The determination to start again”可知,作者知道从一开始就应有重新开始的决心。故选B项。 29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:重新开始的决心表明你意识到前方有很多机会。A. share分享;B. experience经 历,经验;C. memory记忆;D. awareness意识。根据后文“of the many opportunities ahead”可知,决心重新开始 说明你对未来的诸多机会有所意识。故选D项。 30. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:你们可能都读过《飘》这本小说,并对女主角 Scarlett印象深刻,她带领自己和 家庭度过了内战和重建的艰难岁月,并在亚特兰大重新站稳脚跟。A. probably很可能;B. gradually逐渐地;C.obviously明显地;D. frequently频繁地。此处是作者对读者的推测,根据后文“Scarlett’s persistence (坚持) and self-confidence in face of difficulty probably _______ the ever-appealing attraction of the character, and the everlasting popularity of the novel.”可知,这部小说颇受欢迎,作者推测大家很可能读过吧。故选A项。 31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:你们可能都读过《飘》这本小说,并对女主角 Scarlett印象深刻,她带领自己 和家庭度过了内战和重建的艰难岁月,并在亚特兰大重新站稳脚跟。A. impressed印象深刻的;B. annoyed恼怒 的;C. scared害怕的;D. confused困惑的。根据后文根据后文“Scarlett’s persistence (坚持) and self-confidence in face of difficulty probably ________ the ever-appealing attraction of the character, and the everlasting popularity of the novel.”可以推测,作者认为大家会对女主角印象深刻。故选A项。 32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:你们可能都读过《飘》这本小说,并对女主角 Scarlett印象深刻,她带领自己 和家庭度过了内战和重建的艰苦岁月,并在亚特兰大重新站稳脚跟。A. recent最近的;B. golden金色的;C. romantic浪漫的;D. bitter苦的,艰苦的。根据后文“the Civil War and Reconstruction”可知,Scarlett带领家人度 过艰苦的岁月。故选D项。 33. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:在书的结尾,她满怀希望地说:“不管怎样,明天又是新的一天。”A. casually 随便地;B. wrongly错误地;C. hopefully有希望地;D. naturally自然地。根据后文Scarlett 所说“After all, tomorrow is another day.”内容可知,她是满怀希望说的。故选C项。 34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:Scarlett在困难面前的坚持和自信也许解释了这个角色永远吸引人的魅力,以及 这部小说永远受欢迎的原因。A. admit承认;B. explain解释;C. predict预测;D. reduce减少。根据后文“the ever-appealing attraction of the character, and the everlasting popularity of the novel”可知,Scarlett的坚持和自信诠释 了这个人物的永久魅力和这部小说的经典永恒。故选B项。 35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:的确,我们所生活的时代并不完美。A. perfect完美的;B. reasonable合理的; C. meaningful有意义的;D. difficult困难的。根据后文“There are a lot of hardships and barriers ahead.”可知,我 们所生活的时代并不完美。故选A项。 36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:但是,如果我们意识到我们总是有明天在面前,我们就不会对我们周围的一切 都感到那么不满意。A. declare宣布;B. forget忘记;C. realize意识到;D. doubt怀疑。根据上下文语境以及后 文“that we always have tomorrow before us”可知,如果我们意识到总是有希望的,就不会对周围一切持消极态 度。故选C项。 37. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但是,如果我们意识到我们总是有明天在面前,我们就不会对我们周围的一 切都感到那么不满意。A. patient有耐心的;B. busy繁忙的;C. connected有联系的;D. dissatisfied不满意的。 根据上下文语境以及后文“that we always have tomorrow before us”可知,如果我们总是有明天在面前,就不会 对周围一切感到不满意。故选D项。 38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这就是我们所依赖的信仰。A. pride骄傲;B. reality现实;C. faith信仰;D.benefit利益。根据前文“Tomorrow will be a new day.”内容可知,这是生活中的信念。后文“With this faith”可以 验证答案。故选C项。 39. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:有了这个信念,我们就会摒弃所有昨天不愉快的事情,并发现黄金的机会来获 得我们从未得到过的东西。A. throw away扔掉,抛弃;B. show up出现;C. seek for寻找;D. depend on依靠。 根据前文“Tomorrow will be a new day.”和“With this faith”以及后文“all that was disagreeable yesterday”可知, 有了这个信念,满怀希望的去生活,就会摒弃所有过去的不快。故选A项。 40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:有了这个信念,我们就会抛弃所有昨天不愉快的事情,并发现黄金的机会来获 得我们从未得到过的东西。A. analyzed分析;B. accepted接受;C. designed设计;D. obtained获得。基于前文 的分析可知,有了这个信念,满怀希望去应对生活,根据前文“achieve”可以推知,此处指“有机会获得我们从 未得到过的东西”。故选D项。 3 It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be connected. In this respect, digital technologies have 41 our life. The possibility to be connected all the time has brought our personal space to a(n) 42 as we've known it. People have become so 43 in the world of networks that one can often be contacted even if they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text and e-mail, not only from our 44 , but from our mobile phones as well. Most people have become 45 on digital technology simply because it has become a necessary part of life, and at this point not 46 it would make them an social outsider. 47 , many jobs and careers require people to be connected. From this point of view, being reachable might feel like a 48 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. But solitude(独处) still can be possible for those who 49 want it. Computers can be 50 and mobile phones can be turned off. Of course, the choice to be “off” and “on” has many 51 as well as disadvantages. When travelers end up 52 in mountains, and mobile phones can mean life or death, although they can also make people feel 53 and forced to answer unwanted calls. Actually, attitudes towards digital technologies as a society 54 widely. Some find them a gift. Others consider them a curse. Whether you like it or not, it's hard to imagine what life would be like without the 55 in digital technologies. 41. A. reshaped B. respected C. ignored D. preserved 42. A. alarm B. stage C. end D. balance 43. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable 44. A. neighbors B. computers C. friends D. monitors45. A. impressed B. hard C. dependent D. focused 46. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing 47. A. Also. B. Instead. C. Otherwise. D. Therefore. 48. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. shame 49. A. slightly B. barely C. merely D. really 50. A. sold out B. broken up C. shut down D. joined in 51. A. aspects B. advantages C. weaknesses D. exceptions 52. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted 53. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused 54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist 55. A. hopes B. tests C. interests D. achievements 【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. A 55. D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述数字技术在给我们带来了方便的同时也几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会。 41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:从这个意义上讲,数字技术重塑了我们的生活。A. reshaped重塑;B. respected 尊敬;C. ignored忽视;D. preserved保存。根据“It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be connected.”可知,数字技术几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会,所以从这一点可以推断,数字技 术重塑了我们的生活。故选A项。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如我们所知,随时随地联系的可能性已经终结了我们的个人空间。A. alarm警 报;B. stage阶段;C. end结束;D. balance平衡。根据“It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world”可 知,数字技术几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会,所以这种无时无刻不在的连接终结了我们的私人空间。bring... to an end意为“使……结束”,为固定短语,符合题意。故选C项。 43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在网络的世界里,人们已经变得触手可及,即使他们不想被联系,也可以经 常被联系。A. sensitive敏感的;B. intelligent聪明的;C. considerate体贴的;D. reachable触手可及的。下文 “From this point of view, being reachable might feel like a ______ to those”和此处相呼应,所以此处表示无处不在 的网络让我们变得触手可及。故选D项。 44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:今天,我们不仅可以通过电脑,还可以通过手机交谈、发短信和电子邮件。A. neighbors邻居;B. computers电脑;C. friends朋友;D. monitors监视器。根据“Today we can talk, text and e- mail, not only from our _____, but from our mobile phones as well.”可知,人们可以通过计算机或手机进行通话、 发邮件及短信。故选B项。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:大多数人已经变得依赖数字技术,仅仅是因为它已经成为生活中必不可少的一部分,在这一点上,不使用它将使他们成为社会局外人。A. impressed印象深刻的;B. hard艰难的;C. dependent依赖的;D. focused集中的。根据“because it has become a necessary part of life”可知,因为数字技术已 经成为生活中必不可少的一部分,所以许多人已经非常依赖它了。故选C项。 46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:大多数人已经变得依赖数字技术,仅仅是因为它已经成为生活中必不可少的一 部分,在这一点上,不使用它将使他们成为社会局外人。A. finding发现;B. using使用;C. protecting保护;D. changing改变。根据“Most people have become ____ on digital technology”可知,许多人已经非常依赖数字技术 了,如果不使用数字技术,他们就会成为这个社会的局外人。故选B项。 47. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:另外,许多的工作和职业也需要我们保持连接。A. Also此外;B. Instead代替; C. Otherwise否则;D. Therefore因此。根据“many jobs and careers require people to be connected”可知,此处讲 述另一个让我们保持紧密联系的原因,所以要用表示补充说明的副词。故选A项。 48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:从这个角度来看,对于那些不想总被联系到的人来说,保持联系可能是一种负 担。A. pleasure快乐;B. benefit利益;C. burden负担;D. shame羞耻。根据“who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times”可知,无处不在的连接对于那些希望不被打扰的人来讲确实是个累赘。故选C项。 49. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:但对于那些真正想要独处的人来说,独处还是有可能的。A. slightly轻微地;B. barely 几乎不;C. merely 仅仅;D. really 真正地。根据“But solitude(独处) still can be possible for those who _____ want it.”可知,对于那些真正希望独处的人来讲,独处还是有可能的。故选D项。 50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:电脑可以被关闭,手机也可以被关机。A. sold out卖完;B. broken up打破;C. shut down关闭;D. joined in加入。此处和下文“and mobile phones can be turned off”意思并列,表示如果真的想 要独处,可以关掉电脑和手机。故选C项。 51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然,选择“开机”或“关机”有好处,也有坏处。A. aspects 方面;B. advantages优点;C. weaknesses缺点;D. exceptions例外。根据“has many ____ as well as disadvantages”可知, 选择“开机”或“关机”各有优缺点。故选B项。 52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当旅行者在山里迷路时,手机可能意味着生与死,尽管在被迫接听不必要的 电话时,它们也会让人们感到被束缚。A. hidden隐藏的;B. lost迷路的;C. relaxed放松的;D. deserted遗弃的。 根据常识和“mobile phones can mean life or death”可知,如果有人在大山里迷路了,手机有可能会决定生死。故 选B项。 53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当旅行者在山里迷路时,手机可能意味着生与死,尽管在被迫接听不必要的 电话时,它们也会让人们感到被束缚。A. trapped被困的;B. excited激动的;C. confused迷惑的;D. amused被 逗乐的。根据“they can also make people feel ____ and forced to answer unwanted calls”可知,此处表示如果被迫 接听那些不想接的电话,人们也会感到被束缚。故选A项。 54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:实际上,社会对数字技术的态度各不相同。A. vary变化;B. arise上升;C.spread传播;D. exist存在。根据“Some find them a gift. Others consider them a curse.”可知,人们对于数字技术 的态度也是千差万别的,有人视之为福音,有人视之为诅咒。故选A项。 55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:但是,不管你喜欢与否 ,我们很难想象没有数字技术成果的生活将会是什么样 子。A. hopes希望;B. tests测试;C. interests兴趣;D. achievements成就。根据常识可知数字科技给人们的生活 带来了很多好处,这些是它的成就,由此可知,此处是指没有数字技术成果的生活是很难想象的。故选D项。 4 A famous theorist once said, “I don’t divide the world into the weak and the strong: or the successes and the failures...I divide the world into the learners and the non-learners.” What on earth would make someone a non-learner? Everyone is born with an intense 56 to learn. Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for 57 tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime, like leaning to walk and talk. They never decide it’s too hard or not worth the 58 . Babies don’t worry about making mistakes or 59 themselves. They walk, they fall, they 60 . What puts an end to this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 61 of challenges. They worry about not being 62 . My research team have studied thousands of people from preschoolers on, and It’s breathtaking how many 63 an opportunity to learn. We offered four-year-olds a 64 :they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图) or try a harder one. Even at this young age, children with a fixed mindset stuck with the 65 one. They believe smart kids don’t make 66 . Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 67 choice. Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle 68 ? They chose increasingly difficult-ones instead. Believing that success is about learning, children with a growth mindset seized the chance. But those with a fixed mindset didn’t want to expose their 69 . This is how a fixed mindset makes people into 70 . 56. A. fear B. drive C. competition D. concentration 57. A. crucial B. mental C. ordinary D. particular 58. A. attention B. effort C. interest D. time 59. A. confusing B. behaving C. punishing D. hurting 60. A. get up B. give up C. show up D. shut up 61. A. afraid B. ashamed C. confident D. ignorant 62. A. adorable B. curious C. modest D. smart 63. A. seize B. ruin C. reject D. require 64. A. lesson B. choice C. gift D. game65. A. challenging B. interesting C. new D. simple 66. A. decisions B. jigsaws C. mistakes D. predictions 67. A. strange B. promising C. profitable D. difficult 68. A. repeatedly B. unwillingly C. automatically D. properly 69. A. secrets B. thoughts C. preferences D. weaknesses 70. A. theorists B. perfectionists C. non-learners D. risk-takers 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. A 61. A 62. D 63. C 64. B 65. D 66. C 67. A 68. A 69. D 70. C 【解析】本文是议论文。文章讲述了导致习得者和非习得者的区别的原因。总结了固定型思维导致了非习得者 的形成。 56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个人生来就有强烈的学习动力。A.fear恐惧;B.drive内驱力;C.competition竞 争;D.concentration专心。由下一句“Babies rise to the learning challenge daily.”可知,婴儿每天都面临学习挑战, 有挑战就有动力,因此人们生来就有强烈的学习动力。故选B。 57. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:不仅是为了普通任务,而且为一生中最困难的任务,像走路和说话。A.crucial 重要的;B.mental精神的;C.ordinary普通的;D.particular特别的。上下文出现连词“not just... but (also)”表示” 不仅,而且”,表示并列关系,后半句提到了”最困难的事”,因此该题与”困难的”是同一范畴的词。故选 C。 58. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们从来不认为太难或不值得这么努力。A.attention注意力;B.effort努力; C.interest兴趣;D.time时间。根据上文“Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for _____tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime, like leaning to walk and talk.”可知,婴儿生来就会学习,他们不会意识到这些任务 是不是太难或者这些任务值不值得花费精力去完成。不选择 time是因为该段落强调是婴儿学习挑战的行为,而 没有突出时间这个概念,因此effort符合题意。故选B。 59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:婴儿不担心犯错误或伤害自己。A.confusing 使困惑;B.behaving 表现; C.punishing惩罚;D.hurting使受伤。首先根据or表并列可知,该题的动词是婴儿主动发出的而且结果是消极的, 其次根据下文的“They walk, they fall,”的提示,婴儿学习走路,然后会跌倒,由跌倒可以联想到他们在学习的 过程中可能会受伤,故选D。 60. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们走路,跌倒,站起来。A.get up起立;B.give up放弃;C.show up露面; D.shut up闭嘴。根据常识和该句子的顺承逻辑,婴儿走路、跌倒,然后再站起来。故选A。 61. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一旦孩子们能够评估自己,其中一些人就会害怕挑战。A.afraid害怕的; B.ashamed羞愧的;C.confident自信的;D.ignorant无知的。根据上文“What puts an end to this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves”可知,孩子一开始是不害怕学习的, 但是这个过程被终结了,所以一些孩子开始害怕挑战。故选A。 62. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们担心不够聪明。A.adorable可爱的;B.curious好奇的;C.modest谦虚的; D.smart聪明的。根据上文“As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves”可推断,孩子开始评估自己, 下一段“They believe smart kids don’t make _______.”提到把自己与聪明孩子做对比,因此他们担心自己不够聪 明。故选D。 63. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的研究团队已经研究了成千上万来自学龄前儿童的人,那么多的人拒绝学习 的机会真是令人震惊。A.seize抓住;B.ruin毁灭;C.reject拒绝;D.require要求。根据上文“As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become ______ of challenges.”可推断,一些孩子开始害怕学习, 因此拒绝学习的机会。故选C。 64. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们提供给四岁的孩子一个选择:他们可以重新做一个简单的拼图,或者尝试 一个更困难的拼图。A.lesson教训;B.choice选择;C.gift礼物;D.game游戏。根据下文“they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图) or try a harder one.”可知,研究团队在实验过程中让孩子们做简单的或者困难的拼图任务,这 是一个二选的选择。故选B。 65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:即使在这么小的时候,有固定型思维模式的孩子们也会坚持保持简单的心态。 A.challenging 富有挑战性的;B.interesting 有趣的;C.new 新的;D.simple 简单的。根据下一段文章内容 “Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a _______choice.”和“They chose increasingly difficult- ones instead.”可以推出,成长型思维模式的孩子会选择困难的拼图任务,因此固定型思维模式的孩子会选择相反 的任务。故选D。 66. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们认为聪明的孩子不会犯错误。A.decisions决定;B.jigsaws拼图;C.mistakes 错误;D.predictions预测。根据上文“A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become ____ of challenges. They worry about not being ____.”以及下文“They chose increasingly difficult- ones instead.”可推断,固定型思维模式的孩子由于害怕自己犯错误而选择简单的任务,所以他们会认为聪明的孩 子不会像他们那样犯错误。故选C。 67. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,有成长型思维的孩子们认为这是一个奇怪的选择。A.strange奇怪的; B.promising有希望的;C.profitable有益的;D.difficult困难的。根据下文的问句“Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle ______?”可推断,成长型思维的孩子会选择困难的任务,他们觉得为什么要重复做相 同的任务,也就是说他们觉得没必要做简单的任务,所以对于为什么有这两种选择而感到奇怪。故选A。 68. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:为什么有人想重复做同样的谜题。A.repeatedly重复地;B.unwillingly不情愿地; C.automatically自动地;D.properly恰当地。根据“keep doing the same puzzle”可知,这个任务是一直在做相同 的事情,故选A。 69. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:但是那些有固定型思维的人并不想暴露他们的缺点。A.secrets秘密;B.thoughts想法;C.preferences偏爱;D.weaknesses弱点。根据上文“children with a growth mindset seized the chance.”以及 but表示转折可知,固定型思维的孩子不愿抓住学习的机会,是因为他们害怕犯错,会显示出自己的不足。故选 D。 70. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:这就是一个固定型思维的人如何成为非习得者的。A.theorists 理论家; B.perfectionists完美主义者;C.non-learners非习得者;D.risk-takers风险承担者。根据第一段内容与第二 段首句 “What on earth would make someone a non-learner?”可知,通篇文章讲述的是什么导致了习得者和非习得者的区 别,文章最后一句总结了固定型思维导致了非习得者的形成。故选C。 5 The lazy beach vacations and study-abroad years are gone because of the pandemic (流行病). Many, who believe travel is in their genes, find it 71 to be kept in the same place for so long. My friend James is one of them and is growing bored and upset, 72 for the old travelling days. How to pull through the depressing situation? There are many ways to answer the question, but “ being 73 is not one of them. People always have a strong 74 to be on the go. However, it shows our true ability when that demand can't be 75 instantly. Travel is a good way to meet new people and 76 new things, but we have 77 if we can't make it. We can go off the 78 path and travel in the off-season. By connecting with communities and spending our money in ways that support 79 , it will be a more meaningful way to 80 the differences that make the world colorful. We can plan a trip instead while we can't 81 be there. “Expectations play a 82 role in our life. And our future — mindedness can be a source of 83 if we know good things are 84 In every way, travel is a great thing to 85 , ” said Matthew Killingsworth, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. So 86 a trip is nearly as enjoyable as actually taking one. Making plans is its own 87 It makes us remember there is a big, 88 world out there. Many of us, me included, have taken what we have for granted. Tom Swick, a travel writer, tells me he 89 to view travel as a routine. "Now, I look forward to experiencing it as a 90 , ” says he. 71. A. unbearable B. unpredictable C. unreliable D. uncertain 72. A. heading B. competing C. switching D. longing 73. A. optimistic B. active C. desperate D. hesitant 74. A. pressure B. sorrow C. fancy D. desire 75. A. reserved B. satisfied C. explained D. ignored 76. A. experience B. recover C. risk D. provide77. A. curiosity B. alternatives C. advances D. regret 78. A. hidden B. broken C. beaten D. frozen 79. A. hobbies B. shelters C. fictions D. locals 80. A. refuse B. appreciate C. decrease D. avoid 81. A. mentally B. rarely C. physically D. merely 82. A. negative B. mild C. valueless D. significant 83. A. concern B. chaos C. independence D. joy 84. A. off the track B. in the way C. around the comer D. to the point 85. A. look forward to B. look down on C. look out for D. look back at 86. A. canceling B. plotting C. adjusting D. denying 87. A. reward B. focus C. price D. form 88. A. frightening B. rolling C. appealing D. resting 89. A. used B. hoped C. agreed D. wanted 90. A. service B. gift C. trend D. play 【答案】71. A 72. D 73. C 74. D 75. B 76. A 77. B 78. C 79. D 80. B 81. C 82. D 83. D 84. C 85. A 86. B 87. A 88. C 89. A 90. B 【解析】本文是议论文。讨论了在无法如愿外出旅行的疫情时期,人们改变自己的消极境遇的两种方法:关注 所在社区、进行内消费和为未来旅行制定计划。 71. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对于认为旅行是存在于基因里的天性的人们来说,长久地待在一个地方是难 以忍受的。A. unbearable无法忍受的;B. unpredictable无法预测的;C. unreliable靠不住的;D. uncertain不确定 的。根据“who believe travel is in their genes”可知,相信旅行是存在于基因里的天性的人们,认为长期呆在一个 地方是无法忍受的。故选A项。 72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的朋友 James是其中一个,他变得无聊和烦躁,渴望着旧时的旅行时光。A. heading前往;B. competing竞争;C. switching交换;D. longing渴望。根据“My friend James is one of them and is growing bored and upset”可知,James渴望旅行,long for意为“渴望”,符合语境。故选D项。 73. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:回答这个问题的方法有很多,而绝望不是其中的一个办法。A. optimistic乐观 的;B. active 活跃的;C. desperate 绝望的;D. hesitant 迟疑的。根据“How to pull through the depressing situation?”可知,作者提出:该如何度过这样的压抑时期呢?因此这里要表达的意思为:度过这个艰难时期的方 法有很多,而绝望不是其中的一个办法。故选C项。 74. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们总是有着强烈的四处游走的愿望。A. pressure压力;B. sorrow悲伤;C. fancy幻想;D. desire愿望。根据“Many, who believe travel is in their genes”可知,许多人认为旅行是存在在基因 里的,因此,人们总是有着强烈的四处游走的愿望。故选D项。75. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,愿望未能被即刻满足的时候才是显示我们真实能力的时刻。A. reserved保 存;B. satisfied满足;C. explained解释;D. ignored忽视。根据“when that demand can't be ____ instantly.”可知, 此处表示愿望未能被即刻满足的时刻。故选B项。 76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:旅行是一种遇见新朋友和经历新事物的方式,但如果不能去旅行的话,我们也 有其他的替代办法。A. experience经历;B. recover恢复;C. risk冒险;D. provide提供。根据“Travel is a good way to meet new people and______ new things”可知,此处表示旅行是一种遇见新朋友和经历新事物的方式,and 连接前后并列的成分。故选A项。 77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:旅行是一种遇见新朋友和经历新事物的方式,但如果不能去旅行的话,我们也 有其他的替代办法。A. curiosity好奇;B. alternatives替代之法;C. advances进步;D. regret后悔。根据“but we have ___ if we can't make it.”可知,如果不能去旅行的话,也有其他的替代办法。故选B项。 78. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们可以不走常规路线,选择淡季去旅行。A. hidden被隐藏的;B. broken断 了的;C. beaten踏平的;D. frozen结冰的。根据“travel in the off-season.”可知,选择淡季去旅行是不走常规路 线,beaten path意为“常走/寻常之路”,符合语境。故选C项。 79. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:通过和当地社区联系,以支持当地人的方式进行内消费,它能让我们领会到改 变所带来的多彩世界。A. hobbies 爱好;B. shelters 庇护所;C. fictions 假象;D. locals 当地人。根据“By connecting with communities and spending our money in ways”可知,此处表示通过花我们自己的钱进行消费,可 以支持当地人。故选D项。 80. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:通过和当地社区联系,以支持当地人的方式进行内消费,它能让我们领会到改 变所带来的多彩世界。A. refuse拒绝;B. appreciate领会;C. decrease减少;D. avoid避免。根据“it will be a more meaningful way to _____ the differences that make the world colorful.”可知,以支持当地人的方式进行内消费 能让我们领会到改变所带来的多彩世界。故选B项。 81. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:当我们不能亲身去旅行时,我们可以做旅行计划来代替。A. mentally精神上地; B. rarely罕有地;C. physically身体上地;D. merely仅仅。根据“We can plan a trip instead while we can't ______ be there”可知,此处意为当我们不能亲身去旅行时,可以做旅行计划来代替。故选C项。 82. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:期待在我们的人生中起到了很重要的作用。A. negative消极的;B. mild温和 的;C. valueless无价值的;D. significant意义重大的。根据“So ______ a trip is nearly as enjoyable as actually taking one.”可知,期待在我们的人生中起到了很重要的作用。故选D项。 83. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果我们知道好的事情即将发生,那么这种前瞻意识就会成为快乐的源泉。A. concern担忧;B. chaos混乱;C. independence独立;D. joy开心。根据“if we know good things are______”可知, 如果我们知道好的事情即将发生,那么这种前瞻意识就会成为快乐的源泉。故选D项。 84. 考查介词短语辨析。句意:如果我们知道好的事情即将发生,那么这种前瞻意识就会成为快乐的源泉。A.off the track偏离正轨;B. in the way挡道;C. around the corner即将到来;D. to the point切题。根据“And our future — mindedness can be a source of ______ if we know good things are_____”可知,此处表示如果我们知道好 的事情即将发生。故选C项。 85. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:从各方面而言,旅行是一件值得期待的事。A. look forward to期盼;B. look down on鄙视;C. look out for当心;D. look back at回首。根据“Expectations play a _____ role in our life”可知, 因为期待是生活中很重要的部分,所以,从各方面而言,旅行是一件值得期待的事。故选A项。 86. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:因此,计划旅行和真正去旅行几乎一样令人愉快。A. canceling取消;B. plotting 策划;C. adjusting调节;D. denying否认。根据“We can plan a trip instead while we can't _______ be there.”可知, 此处表示计划旅行和真正去旅行一样令人愉快。故选B项。 87. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:做旅行计划本身就是一种回报。A. reward回报;B. focus中心;C. price代价; D. form形式。根据“It makes us remember there is a big, _____ world out there.”可知,做旅行计划本身就是一种 回报。故选A项。 88. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:它让我们不会忘记外面博大且迷人的世界。A. frightening令人害怕的;B. rolling滚动的;C. appealing有吸引力的;D. resting静止不动的。根据“Making plans is its own _______ It makes us remember there is a big, _______ world out there.”可知,做旅行计划可以让我们不会忘记外面博大且迷人的世 界。故选C项。 89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:旅行作家Tom Swick说,他曾经把旅行当作一件常规做的事,而现在他期待像 对待礼物一般珍视旅行。A. used过去常常;B. hoped希望;C. agreed同意;D. wanted想要。根据“Now, I look forward to experiencing it as a______”可知,此处表示过去的情况,和下文现在的情况进行对比,所以表示“过 去常常”为used to do sth.。故选A项。 90. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:旅行作家Tom Swick说,他曾经把旅行当作一件常规做的事,而现在他期待像 对待礼物一般珍视旅行。A. service服务;B. gift礼物;C. trend趋势;D. play游戏。根据“Now, I look forward to experiencing it as a______”可知,Tom现在期待像对待礼物一般珍视旅行。故选B项。 6 Certainty:Over-rated and Over-rewarded Type the words “kind of” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding 91 enough, it will soon give you a word of warning:“Words expressing uncertainty will 92 your impact.” To me, this suggestion precisely expresses something we’ve got wrong in society. We live in a world that 93 those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who 94 doubt. “We tend to listen to those experts who tell us a simple, clear and confident story. Why? Because that’s95 satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble, “That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.” Research shows that the human brain is “programmed” to hate 96 :a 2016 study found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects who were told they would 97 get one. We should first know that while confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire, the 98 they are providing is probably false. Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions. 99 , hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs 100 forecasters but more likely to get attention. Perhaps we care less about the truth and more about enjoying some sense of 101 however short-lived that might be. But wouldn’t it be better if we held experts to account? Mr. Gardner suggests tagging speakers with some kind of record of previous 102 much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players. Highly confident statements also 103 polarization(两极化), encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. “There’s a natural tendency to push back with equal amounts of 104 says Daniel Drezner, a political scientist. Is it time to give a bit more attention to the 105 ? Full of certainty on the need to stop paying so much attention to those expressing certainty, I say yes. 91. A. timid B. reasonable C. decisive D. mature 92. A. assess B. reverse C. enhance D. lessen 93. A. rewards B. relaxes C. confuses D. weakens 94. A. eliminate B. acknowledge C. emphasize D. conceal 95. A. physically B. psychologically C. politically D. professionally 96. A. uncertainty B. confidence C. dishonesty D. stress 97. A. readily B. fortunately C. definitely D. probably 98. A. desire B. depression C. shock D. relief 99. A. For instance B. In addition C. Even so D. In contrast 100. A. funnier B. worse C. less confident D. more reliable 101. A. achievement B. responsibility C. security D. justice 102. A. approaches B. attention C. predictions D. significance 103. A. prohibit B. promote C. sacrifice D. separate 104. A. firmness B. encouragement C. carefulness D. statement105. A. foxes B. hedgehogs C. forecasters D. scientists 【答案】91. C 92. D 93. A 94. B 95. B 96. A 97. C 98. D 99. D 100. B 101. C 102. C 103. B 104. A 105. A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍表达不确定性的词会影响你的影响力,鼓励人们像狐狸一样考虑不 同的方法和观点,并把它们结合成不同的结论。 91. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断,它很快会给你一个警告: “表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。” A. timid胆小的;B. reasonable合理的;C. decisive决定性的;D. mature 成熟的。根据“Type the words “kind of’ or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again.”和“it will soon give you a word of warning:“Words expressing uncertainty will lessen your impact.””可知,你输入电子邮件的内容不够果断。故选C。 92. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断,它很快会给你一个警告: “表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。”A. assess评估;B. reverse改变;C. enhance提高;D. lessen减少。 根据“If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding ______ enough, it will soon give you a word of warning:”可知,表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。故选D。 93. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给 那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。A. rewards奖励;B. relaxes放松;C. confuses使困惑;D. weakens削弱。根 据“even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who ______ doubt.”可知,自信 地说话的人会得到激励。故选A。 94. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给 那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。 A. eliminate消除;B. acknowledge承认;C. emphasize强调;D. conceal隐 藏。根据“We live in a world that _______ those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced”可知,这 里与那些充满信心的人对比,指承认怀疑的人。故选B。 95. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:《喋喋不休的未来》一书的作者丹•加德纳说:“因为这是一种心理上的满足, 也就是说,让我为你扫除不确定性吧。”A. physically生理上;B. psychologically心理上;C. politically政治上 地;D. professionally专业地。根据“That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知,自信和不确定 性都是心理上的。故选B。 96. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:研究表明,人类的大脑是“编程”讨厌不确定性:2016年的一项研究发现,当 志愿者电击,他们的压力水平最高,当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知他 们肯定会得到一个。A. uncertainty不确定;B. confidence自信;C. dishonesty不诚实;D. stress 压力。根据 “That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知,人类的大脑是“编程”也讨厌不确定性。故选 A。97. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:研究表明,人类的大脑被“编程”讨厌不确定性:2016年的一项研究发现,当志 愿者被电击时,他们的压力水平最高,当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知 他们肯定会得到一个。A. readily容易地;B. fortunately幸运地;C. definitely当然地;肯定地; D. probably可 能地。根据“they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects”可知,这里与 不确定性进行对比,所以是肯定地。故选C。 98. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们首先应该知道,虽然听起来很自信的专家可能给了我们大脑想要的东西, 但他们提供的安慰可能是错误的。A. desire 欲望;B. depression沮丧;C. shock震惊;D. relief安慰。根据 “confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire,”可知,专家给我们的大脑提供了想要的东西, 即安慰。故选D。 99. 考查短语词义辨析。句意:相反,刺猬倾向于通过一个单一的定义概念来看待世界。A. For instance例如; B. In addition 此外;C. Even so 即便如此;D. In contrast 相反。根据“Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”可知,与狐狸考虑了各种不同的方法和观 点不同,刺猬是相反的,即只考虑一个单一的概念。故选D。 100. 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意:这使得“刺猬”预测能力更差,但更有可能得到关注。 A. funnier更 可笑的;B. worse更糟糕的;C. less confident不自信的;D. more reliable更可靠的。根据“hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea.”可知,“刺猬”预测能力更差。故选B。 101. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:也许我们更关心的不是真相,而是享受一种安全感,不管这种安全感多么短暂。 A. achievement成就;B. responsibility责任;C. security安全;D. justice公正。结合前文“刺猬”看待世界的方 法可知,人们大多是享受目前的一种安全感。故选C。 102. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:加德纳建议给演讲者贴上某种先前预测的记录,就像我们收到赛马或棒球运动 员的表现统计数据一样。A. approaches方法;B. attention注意;C. predictions预测;D. significance重要性。根 据“we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.”可知,加德纳建议给演讲者者加上某种先 前预测的记录。故选C。 103. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:高度自信的陈述也会加剧两极分化,鼓励别人在表达不同意见时用同样的语言 回应。A. prohibit 禁止;B. promote 提升;C. sacrifice 牺牲;D. separate 分开。根据“encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知,高度自信的陈述会加剧两极分化。故选B。 104. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:政治学家丹尼尔•德雷兹纳表示,人们自然会倾向于以同样坚定的态度予以回 击。A. firmness坚定;B. encouragement鼓励;C. carefulness细心;D. statement声明。根据“Highly confident statements also _____ polarization(两极化), encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知,人们会以坚定的态度予以回击。故选A。 105. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:是时候对狐狸给予更多的关注了吗?A. foxes狐狸;B. hedgehogs刺猬;C.forecasters预报员;D. scientists科学家。根据前文“Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”结合之前讲述了“刺猬”可知,此处表示考虑狐狸的观点。故选A。