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►专题 13 阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题
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【思维导图】
【词义猜测题微技能】
1．单词或短语意义猜测
词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义
或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用
同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或
递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而
构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或
物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内
容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。
【典例剖析1】Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly
taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that an astonishing 82 percent of people said that
they would rather see other selfies on social media.Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”: the idea that we
like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other people’s selfies online.
41. What does the word “paradox”(paragraph 5) mean?
A. complicated statements B. contradictory statements
C. constructive statements D. complimentary statements
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other
people’s selfies online.”可知，我们喜欢自拍，但不喜欢在网上看别人的自拍，这两点是相互矛盾的，由此可知
画线词词义为“相互矛盾的说法”，故B项正确。
【典例剖析2】
Take the mystery of migration for example. Scientists can’t really explain why many species of birds migrate
in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather
that they are having. When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. In spring time, they migrate
northwards when though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive. Something said
“go”, and they did.
37. The underlined word “snub” in the third paragraph probably means ________.
A. fight B. ignore C. symbolize D. criticize
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据上文Scientists can’t really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even
though the temperature is still summery.(科学家无法真正解释为什么许多鸟类在秋天迁徙，即使温度仍然是夏
季。)可推断划线句The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having．句意：鸟儿似乎在忽
视它们所拥有的舒适的天气。结合下文 When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. ( 当某一时
刻到来时，它们大批大批地向南旅行。)可知，候鸟不管天气如何，只要到了某个时间就会迁徙，因此推断划
线词词义为“忽视”，与ignore意思相近。故答案为B。
【典例剖析3】
Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour
on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance .
56. The expression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.
A. let suspects keep their balance.B. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.
C. help suspects to confess their crimes.
D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved
by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the
balance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，
故选C。
【典例剖析4】
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an
unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single
parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this
point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
57. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据划线前句 she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话 I mention the single
parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on ...可知，作
者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。
2．句意猜测题
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前
后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。
【典例剖析1】
Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of
Pompeii ,and from the unforgettable “Amalfi Drive” to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the
area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!
62. The underlined part “the area is a feast for the eyes” in the passage means __________.A. the area is pleasing to the eye B. the area is really unforgettable
C. the area catches the tourists’ eye D. the area is crowded with tourists
[解析] 句子理解题。根据这一段中“Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere .可猜测出the area is a
feast for the eyes的意思是“这个地方非常令人赏心悦目，故选A。
【典例剖析2】
London resolved to live a full， exciting life．He once said， " I would rather be a superb meteor （流星），
every atom of me in magnificent glow ， than a sleepy and permanent planet ．" Each day，he pushed himself．
Once London determined that he was going to be a writer，nothing could stop him．His goal was to write at least one
thousand words every day．He refused to stop even when he was sick．In eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣
one books and hundreds of articles．He was the best﹣selling and highest﹣paid author of his day．Many people also
considered him to be the best writer．White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about
surviving in the Alaskan wilderness．Readers can enjoy Jack London's energy and his talent for telling wonderful
stories each time they open one of his novels．
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London ．
A．is expert at universe． B． aims high and strive to succeed．
C．is excited about life if the wildness．D． face a choice between life and death．
[解析] 句子理解。根据最后一段 He once said， "I would rather be a superb meteor （流星）， every atom
of me in magnificent glow ， than a sleepy and permanent planet ． " Each day， he pushed himself．他曾
说："我宁愿成为一颗卓越的流星，我的每一个原子都在灿烂的光辉中，也不愿成为一个沉睡的、永恒的
行星．"每天，他都在鞭策自己．可知暗示Jack London要制定高远目标奋斗到成功，故选B．
_____
练
真题演
[方法1] 根据上下文语境进行猜测
猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。
【典例1】Salvador Dali (1904～1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is
showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over
200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the
best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper,objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman
qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth.The
exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限),“From the infinity small to the
infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy
Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum－theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia
in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,
Florida.
What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Artworks. B．Projects. C．Donations. D．Documents.
[解析] 根据最后一段可知，多家博物馆通力合作，共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的博物馆和
圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多·达利的作品参加展览。由此推测，contributions指“作品”。
[答案] A
[方法2] 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
英语文章中的代词one，it，that，them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认
真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。
【典例 2】You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill
Drayton，has fought poverty and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these
worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve urgent
problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself
permission.If you see a problem that you care about，you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to
accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy，healthy，contributing adult.In fact，it is
many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example
is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city，helped local
farmers and provided an income for poor people there.
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's
streets，attracting rats and disease，they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste.So they educated the poor peoplein the city to compost (把……制成堆肥) this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product
because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the
natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first，they were refused，but once they were able to persuade them that
there was money to be made，the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious，practical progress in bringing about
social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“ ________”．
A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar
C．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in the city
[解析] 考查代词指代。在1995年，Masqsood和Iftekhar教城里的穷人把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化
肥会有市场。起初他们遭到了拒绝，但是当他们使这些人信服这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线
的them指代“the poor people in the city”。
[答案] D
[方法3] 根据同义或类比关系进行猜测
当词语被并列连词and，or as well as所连接或词语之间有just as，like，similarly等时，前后的两项内容在含义
上是接近的或相近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。
【典例3】 [1]．..[2]．..
[3]Something else，however，has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive，GM companies tell farmers that
they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂)．On the contrary，US government data show
that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.“The promise
was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the
US National Family Farm Coalition.
...
[解析] 联系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知，其承诺是你能够使用很少的化学物质并且可以提高产量，
本题的关键词为and。
[答案] D
[方法4] 根据定义或解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的
主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多：①表示定义关系的常见信息词有be，mean，represent，be called/named，be considered，be defined as(被定义为)，be known as，refer to等；②表示同位关系的常见信
息词有that is，that is to say，in other words，namely，or rather(精确地说)等；③有些生词会以破折号、括号、
逗号、冒号等暗示读者，解释说明前面的词。
【典例4】 [1]．..
[2]Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims as its own.Only
he and his family are welcome there.No other families of the same species are welcome.Your yard and house are your
territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you，
you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
...
What is a bird's “territory”？
A．A place where families of other species are not accepted.
B．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.
C．An area for which birds fight against each other.
D．An area which a bird considers to be its own.
[解析] 文章第二段首先提出什么是“territory”，紧跟着就是对“territory”的解释，由定义可推知，这里“territory”
指的是“鸟类的地盘”。
[答案] D
[方法5] 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
在一个句子或段落中，有时会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述，考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示
对比关系的词语主要有however，but，instead，despite，unlike，yet，while，whereas(反之，而，却)，rather
than，instead of，in spite of，on the contrary，on the other hand，in contrast等。
【典例5】 There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his flowers，he used two
buckets.One was a shiny and new bucket.The other was a very old and dilapidated one，which had seen many years
of service，but was now past its best.
What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?
A．Dirty. B．Dark.
C．Worn－out. D．Plain－looking.
[解析] 由“one...the other...”结构可知，“old and dilapidated”对应前面的“shiny and new”。由此可判断dilapidated
的意思应与shiny and new相反，即worn－out。
[答案] C[方法6] 根据举例进行猜测
在一些阅读材料中，为了阐明某一种重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点
或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些，而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表
示列举关系的信息词有like，for example，for instance，such as，include等。
【典例6】 ...In his book，he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world
from reaching extremely important tipping points，such as the melting of the ice sheets in Greenland or West
Antarctica...
The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “ ________”．
A．freezing points B．burning points
C．melting points D．boiling points
[解析] 本题要求猜测 tipping points 的意思，根据下文的例子“such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in
Greenland or West Antarctica”可知，tipping points的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义。
[答案] C
[方法7] 根据因果关系进行猜测
在有些文章或段落中，两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系，可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。
【典例7】 [1]．..
[2]Of course，the good of oxen is not limited to plowing.In fact，they are seen as “ boats on land” for their ability
to carry loads.Besides，the whole body of an ox is full of treasures.Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition，
and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes.With all these qualities，oxen are regarded as generous creatures.
...
The words “boats on land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to ________.
A．animals for taking goods B．creatures for pulling plows
C．treasures of the folk culture D．tools in the farming economy
[解析] 画线部分后的for their ability to carry loads是对前面的解释说明，由此可以很轻松地得到结果：牛被看
作“陆地之舟”，是一种运输货物的动物。
[答案] A
[方法8] 根据构词法进行猜测
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”
的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思
是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village
on England's most southerly point．
后缀 -ise/ize 意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根 commercial（商业的），不难猜出
uncommercialized 的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment
will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由 well （好，优秀）和
design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most
people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.
根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生
产；规模生产＂的意思。
【例】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the
outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means ________________.
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语
境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。词汇拓展
1.合成法
man-made handwriting
copyright greenhouse
all-round typewriter
breakthrough high-class
blacklist one-way
English-speaking
2.派生法
A.否定前缀
un-（不）unimportant in-/im-/ir-/il-（不）impossible
dis-（不）dislike mis-（不）misunderstand
B.其他前缀
re-（再）rebuild inter-（互）interchange
pre-（前）preschool anti-（反）antifreeze
non-（否）nonprofit
C.名词后缀
-er（人）teacher -er（物）cooker
-ician（人）physician
D.形容词后缀
-able（能）eatable -less（否）homeless
E.动词后缀
-en（使）widen -fy（使）satisfy
-ize（使）modernize
英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。
在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解
词义。如un－，im－，in－，dis－，il－等前缀与－less等后缀可构成反义词，后缀－ful，－ly，－ism，－
ness等可改变词性。
_____测
好题必
2022年6月新高考I卷C篇
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and
fun the project can bring to people here.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin.D.
【答案】 C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目
的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第
一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。
故选C。
2022年6月新高考II卷B篇
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I
had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
【答案】 B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia
tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting
with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的
新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节
假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
2022年1月浙江卷A篇
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job wasborn of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had
worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One day,while driving
near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister in Denver agreed to
take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog
there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with
transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding
and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says.He moved their family from Canada to California when she
was one year old,because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school
she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast,away from her parents,where she enjoyed a life of
sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax.She doesn't work in summer,
as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.As autumn comes,she gets restless
the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone,though.Merebeth says,"When I'm on the road, I'm
just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals."
The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to_?
A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and
Oregon, she says proudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有
的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He
moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new
place together. 遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
2021年6月北京卷
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled
pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also
unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking inflexibility.
The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.
Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday
civilization. Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the "ecological
footprint" concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With
the current footprint of humanity, "it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a
decade, certainly within this century, " Johnson said in an email.
What does the underlined word "germane" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.
【解析】本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与
不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。词义猜测题。根据原文第三
段 "The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled
pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations."在这个世界上技术最先进的国
家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。可知第 3段中
带下划线的单词"germane"可能是 "相关的" 意思。A.scientific科学的；B.credible可信的；C.original原件的；
D.relevant相关的。故选D。
2021年6月新高考2卷B篇
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have
ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them
round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really
looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home
with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no
risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep
we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find
they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some
tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a
production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew
it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always
a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that
we had them.
What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house
during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动
越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它
们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like
a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎
们在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像
个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
_____
题型组合练
1.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处最佳项。选项中有两处为多余选项。
The China State Council issued a document in early August, suggesting employers across the country make
flexible working arrangements and give their workers Friday afternoons off during hot summer days in order to boost
tourism and consumption.
Online surveys have shown that most correspondents are in favor of the State Council’s proposal for longer
weekends, as two and a half days are enough even for one to plan a short journey. People will have more time to be
together with their families. ____36____
However, there are doubts as to whether this well-intentioned initiative can be put into practice. ____37____
While the regular two-day weekend is still a dream for a large number of working people in various industries, a two-
and-half-day weekend is really a luxury many people can barely afford.____38____ If staff workers of government departments and public institutions no longer work on Friday
afternoons, local residents will have nowhere to go if they have urgent issues to solve through these establishments.
Obviously, the only way out is to implement policies concerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner so that the
working people can make arrangements for their days off work. As a result, holidaymakers don’t need to all rush to the
same scenic spots during the same period of time, which would be beneficial to the protection and operation of these
spots. ____39____ Thus it serves the initial purpose of boosting economic growth through developing tourism.
____40____ The government is supposed to pay more attention to the protection of labor rights and employ all
possible means to ensure their holidays as well as the functions of government institutions, instead of just making
economically motivated policies.
A. Also, this is an effective way to increase consumer spending.
B. The right of workers to rest and paid annual leave are protected under the law.
C. A larger number of workers, if not all, will benefit from official holiday arrangements.
D. Most people think that they will actually not be able to enjoy the benefits of such a scheme.
E. After rest and relaxation, employees will become more energetic when they come back to work.
F. Another worry is that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjoyed by a limited number of employees.
G. As long as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in most industrial sectors, the two-and-half-day weekend seems
pointless.
【答案】36. E 37. D 38. F 39. A 40. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。国务院办公厅鼓励依法优化调整夏季作息安排，为职工周五下午与周末结合外出
休闲度假创造有利条件。在稳定全国统一的既有节假日前提下，各单位和企业可根据自身实际情况，将带薪休
假与本地传统节日、地方特色活动相结合，安排错峰休假。
【详解】1. 根据空前“People will have more time to be together with their families. ”（人们将有更多的时间和家
人在一起）可知，享受更长的周末，员工可以和家人在一起休息，再回到岗位能够更有活力。故 E 项“After
rest and relaxation, employees will become more energetic when they come back to work.”（经过休息和放松，当员
工回到工作岗位时，他们会变得更有活力）符合语境。故选E。
2. 根据空前“However, there are doubts as to whether this well-intentioned initiative can be put into practice.”（然而，
有人怀疑这一善意的倡议是否能付诸实践）可知，人们对此项政策能够实施产生疑虑，担心无法受益。故D
项“Most people think that they will actually not be able to enjoy the benefits of such a scheme.”（大多数人认为他们
实际上无法享受到这样一个计划带来的好处）符合语境，呼应doubts。故选D。
3. 根据空后“ If staff workers of government departments and public institutions no longer work on Fridayafternoons, local residents will have nowhere to go if they have urgent issues to solve through these establishments.”
（如果政府部门和事业单位的工作人员在周五下午不上班，当地居民如果有紧急问题需要通过这些机构解决，
就无处可去了）可知，另外一个担心是政府机关周五下午放假导致紧急公共服务缺失。F项“Another worry is
that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjoyed by a limited number of employees.”（另一个担忧是，
这一措施最终将只适用于有限数量的员工）符合语境。故选F。
4. 根据空前“Obviously, the only way out is to implement policies concerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner
so that the working people can make arrangements for their days off work. As a result, holidaymakers don’t need to all
rush to the same scenic spots during the same period of time, which would be beneficial to the protection and operation
of these spots. ”（显然，唯一的出路是切实执行带薪年假政策，让劳动人民可以安排他们的休息日。这样一来
度假者就不需要在同一时间段都赶往同一景点，这将有利于这些景点的保护和运营）可知，建议改进以保障政
策实施到位，由此推知，下面要进一步指出这样做的优点。A项“Also, this is an effective way to increase
consumer spending.”（此外，这也是增加消费支出的有效方式） 符合语境。故选A。
5. 根据空后“ The government is supposed to pay more attention to the protection of labor rights and employ all
possible means to ensure their holidays as well as the functions of government institutions, instead of just making
economically motivated policies.”（政府应该更加关注劳工权利的保护，采取一切可能的手段来确保他们的假期
以及政府机构的功能，而不是仅仅制定经济驱动的政策）可知，总结使带薪年休实施到位的重要性。除非政府
保护否则两天半的周末没有意义。G项“As long as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in most industrial sectors,
the two-and-half-day weekend seems pointless.”（只要带薪年假在大多数工业部门仍然不现实，两天半的周末似
乎就没有意义）符合语境。故选G。
2.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】
A contact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by
scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that involves damage to the optic nerve, and can lead to blindness if not treated.
According to the charity Glaucoma UK, the most common form of the disease, known as primary open angle
glaucoma, is thought to affect almost 10% of people older than 75. This form is generally caused by increased pressure
within the eye, usually as a result of a buildup of fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the
eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team describe how they created the device using an upper andlower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them
around the rim of the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lower lenses
decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensor by means of a cantilever. The sensor then sends a signal to the
wireless system which subsequently triggers the release of an anti-glaucoma drug, from a hydrogel attached to an
electrode, and enables it to cross the cornea of the eye. The drug, brimonidine, acts to reduce the pressure within the
eye.
The study reveals that the contact lenses have so far been tested on pigs’ eyes and on the eyes of living rabbits—
albeit with smaller-sized lenses—although trials have yet to be carried out in humans. The researchers note the lenses
are not only soft and minimally invasive but are also battery-free, adding that the approach could be expanded to help
tackle other eye diseases.
Prof Zubair Ahmed from the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham, who was not
involved in the work, said the research was potentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a
significant problem for most people with glaucoma. “The materials required to create such contact lenses are
inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced.” he added.
12. Who can probably get help from the contact lens?
A. Those who are blind. B. Those who have glaucoma.
C. Those who are older than 75. D. Those who are under heavy pressure.
13. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 3?
A. Exceeds. B. Maintains. C. Lowers. D. Balances.
14. How did the team create the device?
A. By crossing the cornea of the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lower lenses.
C. By using brimonidine to increase the pressure within the eye.
D. By employing pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device.
15. What can we learn about the contact lenses?
A. They are safe but too costly. B. They have been tested on humans.
C. They will be put on the market soon. D. They need to be used with battery power.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款由中国科学家研发的新型隐形眼镜，可实时监测眼压辅助治疗青
光眼。【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A contact lens that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has
been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.(科学家发明了一种隐形眼镜，如果它检测到眼睛内
高压，就会释放药物。科学家称这种隐形眼镜有助于治疗青光眼。)”可知，科学家认为这种隐性眼镜可辅助
治疗青光眼，所以受众群体为青光眼患者，故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an
increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug should the pressure transcend a certain level.(中
国的研究人员透露，他们已经开发出一种隐形眼镜，可以感知眼睛内的压力增加，如果压力transcend一定水
平，就会释放一种抗青光眼药物。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜可以感知眼压的升高，并在压力超过一定水平时释
放抗青光眼药物。“increase”是提示词，可猜测transcend为超过的含义，“exceed”意为“超过”，故选A
项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“…using an upper and lower lens，with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and
wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses.( 该团队在《自然通讯》杂志
上发表文章，描述了他们是如何使用上下透镜创造出这种设备的，在透镜的边缘，有一个雪花形状的压力传感
器和无线能量传输装置夹在它们之间。)”可知，研发团队在上下两块镜片之间的边缘夹着雪花状压力传感器
和无线电力传输装置，故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon
could be mass-produced (制造这种隐形眼镜所需的材料很便宜，很快就可以批量生产。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜
很快就能大规模生产投人市场了，故选C项。
3.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week, I took a small boat and rowed miles along a little river in the middle of New York’s Adirondack
Mountains ___41___(escape) the maddening noise in the city.
One of the rewards for this remote trip was the total peace in the mountains. Here, I was completely alone. There
was not another soul ___42___ sight. No cars, no signals to draw me toward my phone.
I rowed through little ponds ___43___ (surround) by grass and red berries on the shores. To go deeper into the
wild, I made my way through a chain of rocky rapids (急流). As I rowed along I saw a yellow maple leaf pressedagainst a rock by the current.
When it was impossible for ___44___(I) to row my boat, I tied it to my waist and pulled it behind me, w with my
pants rolled to my ___45___(knee). To my delight, I found that the water still held some of the warmth summer.
Soon after I reached a stretch of rapids___46___ were too violent to get through, I was forced to carry my little boat
on my shoulders.___47___(walk) along a trail in the shadowy forest, I saw___48___(variety) plants that have started to
turn reddish. When the river slowed down again, I put down my boat and rowed on. On ___49___ (arrive) at the end of
the little river, I was extremely tired ____50____ I felt really happy and complete relaxed.
【答案】41. to escape 42. in##within 43. surrounded 44. me 45. knees
46. that##which 47. Walking 48. various 49. arrival 50. but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在Adirondack Mountains划船的经历。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，我乘坐了一条小船，沿着纽约阿迪朗达克山脉中间的一条小河划了数英里，以
逃离城市里令人发狂的噪音。分析该句成分可知，此处用所给动词的不定式作目的状语。故填to escape。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：眼前一个人影也没有。in/within sight意为“在视野范围内”，为固定短语。故填in/within。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我划船穿过小池塘，池塘的岸边长满了草和红色的浆果。分析该句成分可知，所填词
在此处作后置定语，修饰 ponds。而目 surround 与 ponds 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词
surrounded。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：当我划不动船的时候，我就把它系在腰上，拉在身后，裤子卷到膝盖上。分析该句成分可知，
所填词在此处作介词for的宾语，所以用所给代词的宾格形式。故填me。
【45题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：当我划不动船的时候，我就把它系在腰上，拉在身后，裤子卷到膝盖上。根据常识可知，
作者会把两条裤腿都卷起来，所以此处用所给名词的复数。故填knees。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在我到达一段急流后不久，我被迫把我的小船扛在肩上。分析该句成分可知，该句是一
个限定性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为rapids，所以用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在阴暗的森林里，我沿着一条小路走着，看到各种各样的植物开始变红了。分析该句结构可知，所填词与逻辑主语 I存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给动词的现在分词形式，作状语。故填
Walking。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在阴暗的森林里，我沿着一条小路走着，看到各种各样的植物开始变红了。根据空后的名
词可知，此处需用所给名词的形容词形式。故填various。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我到达小河的尽头时，我非常累，但我感到非常高兴和彻底的放松。on/upon +名词，表
示“一……就……”。故填arrival。
【50题详解】
考查连词。句意：当我到达小河的尽头时，我非常累，但我感到非常高兴和彻底的放松。根据句意可知，该空
用连词but表示转折关系。注意：这里不能用yet，因为空前没有逗号等分隔符。故填but。
