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专题 04 阅读理解之猜测词义题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测单词含义题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语含义题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子含义题（最新模拟）
【题型四】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词含义题（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
题型一 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测单词含义题
1.（2025·陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测（一））
Food is one area of our lives that is in desperate need of an overhaul. Roughly one-third of food produced for
human consumption goes to waste worldwide, costing the economy $940 billion a year. All that waste pumps out
70 billion tons of greenhouse gases annually, which amounts to approximately 8% of global greenhouse gases
emitted (排放) by human activities. Thus, reducing food waste is a powerful step one can take to fight climate
change.
What does the underlined word “overhaul” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Consistently stable promotion. B．Complete examination and improvement.
C．Conservation and development. D．Immediate end of something.
【答案】B原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司【解析】词句猜测题。根据后文“Roughly one-third of food produced for human consumption goes to waste
worldwide, costing the economy $940 billion a year. All that waste pumps out 70 billion tons of greenhouse gases
annually, which amounts to approximately 8% of global greenhouse gases emitted (排放) by human activities.
Thus, reducing food waste is a powerful step one can take to fight climate change.(全世界大约有三分之一的供人
类消费的食物被浪费，每年造成 9400 亿美元的经济损失。所有这些垃圾每年排放 700 亿吨温室气体，约占
人类活动排放的全球温室气体的 8%。因此，减少食物浪费是应对气候变化的有力措施)”可知，食物浪费，
以及随之而来的温室气体排放问题越来越严峻，所以食物是我们生活中迫切需要彻底改革的一个领域，推
知 overhaul 应是“彻底改革”之意，和 B 项“Complete examination and improvement.(彻底检查和改善)”意思相
近。故选 B 项。
2.（2025·山东省临沂第一中学北校区高三阶段性检测）
Scientists now know that loneliness can cause many health problems. That may be because ancestral humans
thrived in supportive communities—and anything less can set off a biochemical stress response. “Our brains
function more efficiently when we are with others,” says Julianne.
What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．participated voluntarily B．lived healthily
C．remained stable D．got desperate
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Scientists now know that loneliness can cause many health problems. That may
be because ancestral humans thrived in supportive communities — and anything less can set off a biochemical
stress response. “Our brains function more efficiently when we are with others,” says Julianne. (科学家们现在知
道孤独可以引起许多健康问题。那可能是因为祖先人类在支持性的社区中 thrived——任何少于这样的环境
都会引发生化应激反应。“当我们和他人在一起时，我们的大脑功能更高效，”朱利安说)”可知，结合语境以及
人类的发展常理推断，此处说的是远古人类在相互支持的群体中能健康地生活，一旦缺乏这种支持环境就
会出现问题。thrive 意为“繁荣、兴旺、茁壮成长”，与 lived healthily 意思相近。故选 B。
3.（2025·河南省驻马店市高三期末）
It seemed appropriate to start the journey into America’s past in Washington, D．C． “This is the front yard,
the nation’s front yard,” Neil said. “It just seemed like the perfect place to start this walk.” Then Neil crossed the
Mason-Dixon Line, which runs through the middle of a 19th-century farm. In York, he walked through a cemetery
(公墓), where some volunteers were cleaning up and honoring unsung heroes. In Pennsylvania, he stopped for an原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司afternoon to socialize with some locals.
“On the road, I met so many great people that I almost felt were put there by some higher power to interact
with me,” Neil said. “And indeed, are we not the offspring (后代) of a power greater than ourselves, the power of
community?”
Meanwhile, the health benefits of walking are obvious: increased cardio capacity, deeper breathing that
energizes the lung, and power to almost every muscle in the body. On another level, moving through the small
details of lives intertwined with history and emotion gives him a sense of what we can accomplish.
Which can replace the underlined word “intertwined” in paragraph 5?
A．satisfied B．connected C．familiar D．busy
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Then Neil crossed the Mason-Dixon Line, which runs through the middle
of a 19th-century farm. In York, he walked through a cemetery (公墓), where some volunteers were cleaning up
and honoring unsung heroes. In Pennsylvania, he stopped for an afternoon to socialize with some locals.(然后尼尔
穿过了梅森-迪克森线，这条线贯穿了一个 19 世纪农场的中部。在约克，他走过一个公墓，那里有一些志愿
者正在打扫卫生，纪念无名英雄。在宾夕法尼亚州，他停下来一个下午，与一些当地人进行社交)”可知，在
尼尔的旅行中，他会接触到各种与历史相互交织的生活细节。划线词所在句“On another level, moving through
the small details of lives intertwined with history and emotion gives him a sense of what we can accomplish.(在另
一个层面上，穿过与历史和情感 intertwined 的生活的小细节，让他意识到我们可以完成什么)”中“intertwined
with history and emotion”作后置定语，修饰名词词组 small details of lives，划线词意思是“交织，有联系”，与
connected 意思相近。故选 B 项。
4.（2025·浙江省宁波市镇海中学模拟）
The dominance of television was not contained to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind,
fundamentally changing our experience of the world, affecting politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced
many aspects of modern life to entertainment and commerce. “Americans don’t talk to each other; we entertain
each other,” Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with
propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”
The underlined word “propositions” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上下文“Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images.
They do not argue with propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”(他们不交换思想，
而是交换影像。他们不就……进行争辩，而是比拼颜值、名人效应以及广告宣传。)”可知，此处是在将过去
人们围绕某种内容进行争辩的情况和现在只看重外在、名人、广告等情况作对比，过去人们应该是围绕观点、
看法之类的内容进行争辩。因此“propositions”与“思想、观点”意思相近。选项 C“opinions”，意为“想法、观
点”与此相符。故选 C。
5.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考）
But there’s a hitch. Today’s longest blades have become too big to be delivered to inland wind farms. They
can be taken only by ship to offshore sites, where building costs are far higher.
What does the underlined word “hitch” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Improvement. B．Advantage.
C．Challenge. D．Disorder.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。由文章第二段“But there’s a hitch. Today’s longest blades have become too big to be
delivered to inland wind farms. They can be taken only by ship to offshore sites, where building costs are far
higher.(但是有个 hitch。如今最长的叶片已经变得太大，无法运送到内陆风力发电场。它们只能用船运到近
海地点，那里的建造成本要高得多。)”可知，如今最长的叶片已经变得太大，无法运送到内陆风力发电场。
它们只能用船运到近海地点，那里的建造成本要高得多。所以 hitch 在此处的意思是“问题，挑战”，与选项
C“Challenge. (挑战)”相符。故选 C。
题型二 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语含义题
1.（2025 年高考预测卷（五））
Figures on the use of AI in work must be taken with a pinch of salt because different companies define the
use of AI differently, but the overall trend is that companies are increasingly using AI for human resources, and the
UK is one of the front-runners in this space.
Which best explains the underlined part “a pinch of salt” in paragraph 3?
A．Curiosity. B．Relief. C．Doubt. D．Anxiety.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线短语前的“Figures on the use of AI in work must be taken with (关于在工作中使
用人工智能的数据必须加以重视)”和后面的“because different companies define the use of AI differently (因为
不同的公司对人工智能的定义不同)”可知，此处指因为不同公司对人工智能使用的界定不同，所以一定要以
谨慎或保留的态度来看待关于人工智能在工作中的使用的数据，所以“a pinch of salt”与“doubt”意思相近。故
选 C。
2.（2025·四川省攀枝花市高三统一考试）
Participants were asked to label each image as real or AI-generated and explain why they made their
decision. Only 61% of participants could tell the difference between AI-generated people and real ones, far below
the 85% threshold (门槛) that researchers expected. “People are not as adept at telling the difference as they think
they are,” said Andrea Pocol, a PhD candidate in Computer Science at the University of Waterloo.
What does the underlined phrase “adept at” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Skillful at. B．Concerned with. C．Puzzled about. D．Curious about.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Only 61% of participants could tell the difference between AI-generated
people and real ones, far below the 85% threshold (门槛) that researchers expected. “People are not as adept at
telling the difference as they think they are,” said Andrea Pocol, a PhD candidate in Computer Science at the
University of Waterloo. (只有 61%的参与者能够区分出人工智能生成的人和真实的人，远低于研究人员预期
的 85%的门槛。滑铁卢大学的计算机科学博士候选人 Andrea Pocol 说：“人们并不像他们认为自己那样 adept
at 区分这两者的区别。”)”可知，人们并不像他们认为自己那样擅长区分这两者的区别，adept at 意为“擅长”，
与选项 A“Skillful at. (擅长)”相符。故选 A。
3.（2025·安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测）
It began in 2014 with a trip to Bali. While soaring on the flying fish at Kuta Beach, I thought, “This is the
best feeling ever! ” Before that last minute trip, I’ve never given much thought to traveling. Until 2011, when I was
called to serve the nation and my precious annual leave were saved for whatever activities were cool. But after Bali,
I’ve jumped out of a plane in Brazil, ran off a cliff in Vietnam, scaled the highest volcano in Indonesia, and
couch-surfed in Australia. I’ve gotten lost, gotten sick. I’ve cried and smiled. And yet I yearn for it more: The
feeling of plunging into the unknown. The freedom that comes with exploration. I’ve caught the travel bug .原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司What does the underlined phrase “t he travel bug ” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．A technical error or problem. B．An insect causing discomfort.
C．A sudden strong interest or passion. D．Relxation that comes from long travels.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文的句子“But after Bali, I've jumped out of a plane in Brazil, ran off a cliff
in Vietnam, scaled the highest volcano in Indonesia, and couch-surfed in Australia. I've gotten lost, gotten sick. I've
cried and smiled. And yet I yearn for it more: The feeling of plunging into the unknown. The freedom that comes
with exploration.(但在巴厘岛之后，我在巴西从飞机上跳下来，在越南从悬崖上跑下来，在印度尼西亚爬上
最高的火山，在澳大利亚沙发冲浪。我迷路了，生病了。我哭过也笑过。然而，我更渴望那种坠入未知世
界的感觉。探索带来的自由)”可知，在巴厘岛旅行之后，作者迷上了旅行并且很渴望旅行带来的感受。所以，
划线短语 the travel bug 指的是作者对旅行的强烈兴趣。故选 C 项。
4.（海南省三亚市 2024-2025 学年高三上学期期末）
Among these debates, a line of research shows the lasting benefits of handwriting — an “innovation”
before computers. First, handwriting enhances memory. Putting words on paper with a pen or pencil creates muscle
and sensory memories, and the arrangement of words on a page feed into visual memory: people might remember a
word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on certain page, which enhances learning.
What does the underlined words “feed into” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Enhance. B．Conclude. C．Switch. D．Influence.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文“people might remember a word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left
on certain page, which enhances learning.(人们可能会记住他们在法语课上写在某一页左下角的单词，这会增
强学习效果。)”可知，用笔或铅笔把单词写在纸上会创造肌肉和感觉记忆，页面上单词的排列有助于增强视
觉记忆，由此可知，“feed into”的意思是“增强”。故选 A。
5.（2025·广东省高三 1 月第一次模拟）
Oprah Winfrey is universally recognized as one of the most potent and influential females globally. The
appellations of a television presenter, a producer, and a philanthropist are among the designations with which she is
commonly associated. She came into this world in the year 1954, in the small town of Kosciusko, Mississippi, and
despite not having been presented with every conceivable advantage on a platter of silver , she managed to surmount原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司the adversities of her formative years and etch her indelible mark upon the global stage.
What does the underlined words “on a silver platter” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．In vain. B．Without effort.
C．Beyond expectation. D．By accident.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文的“she managed to surmount the adversities of her formative years and etch
her indelible mark upon the global stage.(但她设法克服了成长时期的逆境，在全球舞台上留下了不可磨灭的印
记)”以及划线词前文的 despite 可知，前后两句构成转折关系，即尽管她并非一切都是唾手可得的，但是
她依旧克服了重重困难，在世界上留下了自己的印记。故推断划线词与 B 选项“Without effort(不费力气地；
轻而易举地)”为同义词。故选 B。
题型三 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子含义题
1.（2025·天津市南开区高三上学期阶段性质量监测（二））
I spent the next two decades keeping my limb difference hidden at all times. I’d keep it in my pocket, cover
it with extra-long sleeves or hide it behind bags or underneath jackets. Everyone I shared this with — friend,
co-worker or boyfriend — took it well and said kind things like, “You shouldn’t hide it” or “It’s no big deal.” But
their words didn’t matter to me .
Interestingly enough, it was a date that convinced me to stop hiding my limb difference. When I was 38
years old, exhausted of hiding and so lonely, I met someone special. The combination of me finally feeling ready to
unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time
in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, take pictures of it, touch it, love it — love me.
From that point on, I saw my limb difference as something unique and beautiful about me, something that should
be shown, not hidden.
The underlined sentence “But their words didn’t matter to me.” in Paragraph 5 can be understood as ________.
A．The author didn’t care about anything people say around her.
B．Their words did not change the author’s behavior.
C．What they said had nothing to do with the author.
D．What they said did not hurt the author.
【答案】B原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司【解析】词句猜测题。根据第五段“I spent the next two decades keeping my limb difference hidden at all times. I’
d keep it in my pocket, cover it with extra-long sleeves or hide it behind bags or underneath jackets. (在接下来的
二十年里，我一直隐藏着我的肢体差异。我会把它放在口袋里，用超长的袖子盖住，或者藏在包后面或夹
克里面)”以及第六段“Interestingly enough, it was a date that convinced me to stop hiding my limb difference. (有
趣的是，正是这次约会说服了我不再隐瞒自己的肢体差异)”可知，朋友们的话没有改变作者的行为，作者依
旧选择隐藏自己的肢体差异，直到之后那次约会才有多改变。故选 B。
2.（2025 届广西壮族自治区柳州市高三上学期二模）
Christopher Söderberg, a consultant for online influencers who lives in Stockholm, bought the smart glasses
in May. He said they helped him kick-start his own influencer career. He can film the videos himself smoothly and
walk up to people in a way that is less disturbing or annoying while still letting them know he’s recording. To
record with the glasses, Meta Ray-Ban users press a button to start a 30-second, 60-second or three-minute video.
Söderberg said, “ It’s a game changer .”
Which is close to the meaning of the underlined sentence “It’s a game changer. ” in paragraph 4?
A．It is innovative. B．It is demanding.
C．It is appealing. D．It is amusing.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“He can film the videos himself smoothly and walk up to people in a
way that is less disturbing or annoying while still letting them know he’s recording. (他能够流畅地自行拍摄视频，
并且在走向他人时，既能让对方知道自己正在录像，又不会过于打扰或惹人厌烦。)”可知，这款智能眼镜能
让使用者流畅地自行拍摄视频，并且在录像时接近他人的方式既不会太打扰别人又能让对方知晓在录像，
这体现出它在功能及使用体验等方面有着独特之处，带来了新的改变。由此可知“It’s a game changer. (它是
一个改变游戏规则的产品。)”意味着它具有创新性，带来了不一样的、革新性的变化。选项 A“It is innovative.
(它是创新的。)”与此相符。故选 A。
3.（2025 年全国高考名校名师联席命制英语信息卷（一））
“ Students learn better when they’re getting their hands dirty ,” said Ofonime Udo-Okon, manager of GVI’s
Youth Leadership Program. “HCC is setting an example as to what integrated learning can look like.” On
Bridgeport’s only urban educational farm, the students, who all either live or attend school in Bridgeport, were
transformed into young food leaders. Through their studies and hands-on instruction, each learned their role in the原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司food system, and how to make a positive change. “I wanted to be in the program so I can give back to the
community,” said Sariah Cohen, a 15-year-old sophomore at Bridgeport’s Central High School. “I like the practice
that we provide the community with fresh, inexpensive food.”
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply?
A．Students prefer working the land to learning in class.
B．Students need to wash their hands before entering the lab.
C．Active engagement and real-life experience help learning.
D．Working on a farm teaches students important life skills.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“The farm served as an outdoor lab for the class, where students learned about
the process of seed to table, food access and sustainability, food deserts, food justice and more.(这个农场是这个班
级的户外实验室，学生们在这里学习了从种子到餐桌的过程、食物的获取和可持续性、食物沙漠、食物正
义等等)”可知，学生在农场这个户外实验室学到了很多课本外的内容。故此处的 getting their hands dirty 指的
是学生们动手实践，暗示学生通过动手实践（在农场亲身实践的体验）学得更好，即这句话强调的是动手
参与和真实的体验能够增强学习效果，而不应局限于课本上的知识，与 C 项（积极参与和真实的体验有助
于学习）语义相近。故选 C 项。
题型四 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词含义题
1.（2025·江苏省泰州中学高三月考）
Teaching is a caregiving profession. We all have that one teacher who inspired us to aim higher, choose a
certain career path, or simply discover our passions. This role comes with not only many satisfactions, but lots of
pressure to hold yourselves to a higher standard. The responsibilities of teachers only increased during the
pandemic, so teachers had to show compassion for students and parents — often without expecting the same
treatment. That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations.
However, where does that leave teachers? Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is
usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed to make my
online classes as enjoyable as possible for my students. Later, it turned out that other teachers were having
problems as well. I had zero reasons to feel so isolated in my experience. What I needed was self-compassion.
According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-compassion is simply compassion directed原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司inwards.” In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show
students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards
achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Teachers’ dedicating themselves to the cause of teaching.
B．Teachers’ showing great compassion for themselves.
C．Teachers’ suffering from unknown mental pressure.
D．Teachers’ failing to learn something in their careers.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。第一段中“That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for
future generations.(这就是为什么很容易把老师看作是无私的人，他们为下一代付出了一切)”指出老师是无私
的人，他们为下一代付出了一切；根据指代关系和第二段中“However, where does that leave teachers? Educators
are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a
teacher.(然而，那对教师来说意味着什么？教育者被教导要做很多事情，但他们的教育通常缺乏解决作为教
师所面临的情感问题)”可知，尽管教育者为下一代付出了一切，但他们自己却通常缺乏对自身情感问题的关
注。由此可推断出，指示代词“that”指代的是上文中“老师们无私地为教学事业奉献一切”的这一行为。故选
A 项。
2.（2025·天津市部分区高三期末）
More and more people are realizing that negative self-talk and negative energy can affect you in many ways
and cause you additional stress. Because of this, developing more positive self-talk is an important way to reduce
stress in your life. You can help yourself maintain a positive mind, which will help with positive self-talk by
surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life. You can get that by adding some elements to your life.
What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the first paragraph?
A．Positive self-talk. B．Additional stress.
C．Positive energy. D．Negative energy.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“You can help yourself maintain a positive mind, which will help
with positive self-talk by surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life.(你可以帮助自己保持积极的心态，原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司这将有助于积极的自我对话，让自己在生活中充满正能量)”；后文“by adding some elements to your life”以及
文章介绍了四种获得正能量的方法。由此可知，可以通过增加一些元素来得到正能量。故划线词指的是“正
能量”。故选 C。
3.（2025·湖南省永州市高三第二次模拟）
The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could
think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when
participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft
a message, only about a third actually sent the message.
So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old friends can start to feel like
strangers, explains Aknin, psychologist at Simon Fraser University. That psychological distance is what people
report as their main barrier to reconnecting. The type of relationship two friends had before losing touch can also
determine how difficult this distance feels to bridge. A previously close relationship with a lot of trust makes
picking up where you left off more likely and lessens the fear of rejection.
The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the fears of rejection
B．the initiation of reconnection
C．the previously close friendship
D．the development of diverse friendship
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90
percent of participants could think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak
with again. However, even when participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be
appreciative, and were given time to draft a message, only about a third actually sent the message. (这项研究包括
对近 2500 名参与者进行的七项大型调查。超过 90%的参与者能想起一个他们失去联系的朋友，并想再次交
谈。然而，即使参与者表示想要重新联系，认为朋友会感激，并有时间起草一份信息，只有大约三分之一
的人真正发送了信息。)”和第三段“So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old
friends can start to feel like strangers, explains Aknin, psychologist at Simon Fraser University. (那么，为什么这是
我们需要跨越的一个如此艰难的障碍呢？西蒙弗雷泽大学的心理学家阿克宁解释说，随着时间的推移，老原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司朋友会开始感觉像陌生人一样。)”可知，this指代的是重新开始联系老友试图恢复友谊这件事件，与选项B“the
initiation of reconnection (重新联系的启动)”意思相符。故选 B。
4.（2025·山东省济宁市高三期末）
“What’s special about our species?” is a question scientists have wrestled with for centuries. Now an
evolutionary anthropologist Thomas Morgan has a new theory that could change the way we perceive ourselves,
and the world.
“It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed
down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are
challenging that and forcing us to rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Morgan.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The human culture. B．The common belief.
C．The latest discovery. D．The new species.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the
shared body of knowledge passed down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us
special, but our new discoveries are challenging(人们基本上认为，是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识
体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但我们的新发现正在挑战)”可知，but 表示转折，上文提到人们普遍
信念是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但是新发现挑战了
这一普遍信念。故 that 指的是“普遍的信念”。故选 B。
5.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））
Bick’s solution to the problem of pest detection is sound: Eavesdropping on the unique vibrations (震动) that
an insect makes when chewing on a plant to identify the insect itself. The Insect Eavesdropper uses a contact
microphone, an affordable device that musicians often use on instruments. A little disc sits on a solid object —
like corn — and captures the vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an electrical signal. “When
corn rootworm feeds on the roots, the vibration translates from the root system to the stalk,” Bick says. “That’s
where we’re picking it up. We’re using the plant as the musical instrument, as essentially the outside of a guitar.”
What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The corn. B．The signal. C．The system. D．The vibration.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A little disc sits on a solid object — like corn — and captures the
vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an electrical signal. “When corn rootworm feeds on the
roots, the vibration translates from the root system to the stalk,” Bick says.(一个小圆盘放在一个固体物体上——
比如玉米——并捕捉穿过它的振动，用电信号记录每一个振动。‘当玉米根虫以根为食时，振动从根系统传递
到茎，’比克说)”以及后文“We’re using the plant as the musical instrument, as essentially the outside of a guitar.(我
们把植物当作乐器，就像吉他的外面一样)”可知，比克主要通过玉米根虫啃食根部的震动来发现这种虫子，
故划线词 it 指代前文中的 the vibration“振动”，故选 D。
Passage 1
1.（2025·天津市天津市和平区高三期末）Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At
school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school friends saw ink on pages, I
saw light, streets and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key
with which I could unlock a new world. My father didn’t like to see books in the house. There was something about
them that offended him. He used to tell me that I’d better get rid of all my crazy ideas if I didn’t want to end up a
nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress (垫子) and wait for him to fall asleep so that I could read.
Once he caught me reading at night and flew into a rage (愤怒). He tore the book from my hands and flung (扔、掷)
it out of the window.
“If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you’ll be sorry.”
My father was not a miser (吝啬鬼) and, despite the hardship we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a
few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on
sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, and when I’d collected enough coins I’d secretly rush
out to buy myself a book.
My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere & Sons Bookshop on Calle Sant Ana. The
bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart’s content. When it was time
for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet , a weight on my soul . If it had been up to me , I would have stayed
there forever.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司One Christmas Sempere gave me that best gift I had ever received. “Great expectations, by Charles Dickens,”
I read on the cover. I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment (企业) and,
judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.
“A friend of yours?”, I asked.
“A lifelong friend. And from now on, he’s your friend too.” Sempere answered.
That afternoon I took my new friend home. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great
Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could
be a better one in the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon
I was convinced that I didn’t want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.
An Excerpt from Angle’s Game
1．The passage is mainly about __________.
A．the influence of the author’s father on him B．the difficulties the author met in his childhood
C．the connection between the author and Dickens D．the description of the author’
s love of reading
2．Which of the following best describes the author’s father?
A．He prefers to spend money on food rather than on books.
B．He lacks affection and is not generous towards his child.
C．He lacks understanding of his child’s literary interest.
D．He pays no attention on education and dislikes Dickens.
3．What does the author value most about the Sempere & Sons Bookshop?
A．The opportunity to buy books at a low price.
B．The friendly atmosphere created by the bookseller.
C．The freedom to read to his fullest desire.
D．The wide range of books available to choose from.
4．The underlined part in paragraph 4 shows the author’s __________ when he left the bookshop.
A．reluctance B．annoyance C．indifference D．regret
5．What does the author imply about the importance of reading in his life?
A．It serves as a means of resistance against his father’s wishes.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司B．It is a temporary distraction from his everyday hardships.
C．It provides him with a sense of belonging and friendship.
D．It highlights his friendship between Sempere and Mr. Dickens.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与书籍的不解之缘，以及阅读对他成长的影响。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，特别是第一段中“Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated
me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a new world. (文字及其隐藏的神秘科学让我着迷，我在
其中看到了一把可以打开新世界的钥匙)”和最后一段“Soon I was convinced that I didn’t want to do anything
else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done. (很快我就确信，除了学习狄更斯所做的事情之外，我不
想在生活中做任何其他事情)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者热爱阅读，以及阅读对他成长的影响。因此，D 项
“对作者阅读爱好的描述”最能概括文章主旨。故选 D。
2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“My father didn’t like to see books in the house. There was something about them
that offended him. He used to tell me that I’d better get rid of all my crazy ideas if I didn’t want to end up a nobody.
(我父亲不喜欢家里有书。书里有什么东西冒犯了他。他过去常常告诉我，如果我不想最终一事无成，最好
放弃我所有疯狂的想法)”可知，作者的父亲不理解作者对文学的热爱，认为那是疯狂的想法。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to
my heart’s content. (书店老板会让我坐在角落里的椅子上，随心所欲地读任何我喜欢的书)”可知，作者最看
重 Sempere & Sons Bookshop 的是可以随心所欲地读书。故选 C。
4． 词句猜测题。根据第四段中画线句“When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a
weight on my soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever. (当我要离开的时候，我会拖着脚走，
心里沉甸甸的。如果由我决定，我会永远留在那里)”可知，作者要离开书店时，心里是不情愿的，所以拖着
脚走。A. reluctance 不情愿；B. annoyance 恼怒；C. indifference 漠不关心；D. regret 遗憾。故选 A。
5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Soon I was convinced that I didn’t want to do anything else in life
but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done. (很快我就确信，除了学习狄更斯所做的事情之外，我不想在生活
中做任何其他事情)和第四段中“If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever. (如果我说了算，我会
永远呆在那里)”可知，作者小时候把书当作朋友，即便父亲反对也想尽办法阅读，以及后来得到《远大前程》
这本书后如痴如醉地阅读，觉得世上没有比这更好的书，甚至想以后就像狄更斯先生那样写作等内容可以
看出，阅读在作者的生活中为他提供了一种归属感，就像朋友一样陪伴着他。故选 C。原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司2.（2025·北京市东城区高三期末）
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations
about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were
programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what
could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes
“the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s
unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety
and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a
handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and
cultural biases (偏 见 ). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for
humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is
the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of
their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically
butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently,
at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and
flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient
alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals
and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might
not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what
humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than
it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and
want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that
will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful
ways.
1．The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A．question a solution B．clarify a belief
C．illustrate an example D．explain a practice
2．Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”?
A．AI extends the same rights to living beings. B．AI promotes the interaction among species.
C．AI benefits from the development of humans. D．AI meets the demands of
perceptive creatures.
3．What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A．Ambitious. B．Generous. C．Resourceful. D．Competitive.
4．The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A．AI poses a threat to the world B．society’s morals are in decline
C．humans prioritize their own needs D．sentient beings deepen cultural biases
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能(AI)的发展以及人类应如何设定 AI 的终极目标和优
先级，提出了“有知觉力的协调”这一概念，即 AI 应符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，而不仅仅是人类的利益。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal
organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s ‘bad’
is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their
blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). (这似乎就是 DeepMind 最近成立一个内部组织的原因，该组
织专注于 AI 安全，并防止其被不良行为者操纵。但由这家特定公司的少数几个人来决定什么是“坏”的并不
理想——他们也有自己的盲点以及个人和文化偏见)”可知，作者提到 DeepMind 成立的组织，是为了质疑这
种由少数人决定 AI“好坏”的解决方案。故选 A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第六段中“A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what
I would call ‘sentient alignment’ — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. (一个比将 AI 与人类眼前利益相一致更好的目标是我
所称的“有知觉力的协调”——即 AI 的行为符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，包括人类、所有其他动物，以及
如果存在的话，有知觉力的 AI)”可知，“有知觉力的协调”指的是 AI 应满足所有有知觉力生物的需求。故选 D
项。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“and want to produce a better world(并想要创造一个更好的世界)”可推知，“仁
慈的，善良的”人工智能才会想要创造一个更好的世界，划线词 benevolent 与 generous 意思相近，意为“宽宏
大量的，仁慈的”。故选 B 项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合最后一段中“Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this
extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from
spreading in new and awful ways. (在任何程度上，尤其是极端程度上，将人类置于中心之外，都是一个将挑
战人们的想法。但如果我们想要阻止我们当前的信念以新的、可怕的方式传播，这是必要的)”可知，文章指
出人们关注人工智能按自身目标行事的风险，阐述了若人工智能按人类意愿可能带来大规模残忍情况，进
而提出要考虑所有有知觉力生物利益的 “有知觉力的协调” 概念，都在强调不能只关注人类自身需求，要避
免人类只优先考虑自己需求而忽视其他有知觉力生物的情况，即担心的是人类在发展 AI 时过于优先考虑自
己的需求，而忽视了其他有知觉力生物的利益。故选 C 项。
1.[2023·全国甲卷]
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.
She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring
throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two
fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
( )24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了 Terri Bolton 是怎样成为 DIY 高手的以及她是怎样从中受益的。
文章最后还说明了目前女性在 DIY 中占主导地位。
24.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never
pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知,Terri Bolton 擅长搭架子和拼接家具,她从不付钱让别人
做她自己能做的工作。所以她在自己动手做东西的方面是专家。故选 C。
2.【2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I
had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
【答案】4．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童
读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with
my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新
时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春
节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选 B。
3.C【2022·新高考 I 卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
8. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce
loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年
人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选 D。
9. B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities,
and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居
民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier 通
过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选 B。
10. C 词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the
first (第一批人之一)”可知 Wendy Wilson 是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与 C 项：“Begin (开始)”含
义相近。故选 C。
11. A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,
director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect
our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高
兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响
很好。故选 A。
4.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’
t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will
be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced
sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they
could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助
铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
8. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.
They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as
the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同
样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选 A。
9. C 词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a
year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为 200 亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员
检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure（检
查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of
railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C 项：Inspection and
repair(检修)含义相近。故选 C。
10. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the
future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程师们现在
正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行)”可知铁
路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选 B。
11. D 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the
very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of
rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁
路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，
以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电
力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人
员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲
述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以 D 项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作
为本文的最佳标题。故选 D。
5.2022 年 1 月浙江卷之 A 篇
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day,
while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in
Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet
with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed
a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30， 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes,
she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When
I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I
mush help animals. ”
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Merebeth 从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专
家。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years
as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了 10 年
的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth 之所以换
工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选 D。
2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon,
she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels
in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去
一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望
去不同的地方旅行”。故选 D。
3.推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 “When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been
independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界
里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth 在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。
故选 C。
6.2021 年全国甲卷之 C 篇
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the
beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He
seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,”
I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的
地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己
的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
8.推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved
beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，
没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很
好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选 A。
9.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声
欢呼，因此可以推出本句的 Safe 是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选 B。
10.推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head.
“Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我 20 年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，
作者去 Southbank 这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选 D。
11.推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑
板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩
滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于
找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选 C。
7.2021 年 6 月浙江卷
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen —
any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half
hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人 David Bond 为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自
己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
4.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen —
any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯
着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选 D 项。
5.细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David
Bond 通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选 A 项。
6.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network
(世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词 charts 意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一
致。故选 A 项。
7.主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a
group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始
把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是 Project Wild Thing，一部记录了 World Network (世界网络)
诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述
了电影制作人 David Bond 为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司人。由此可知，C 项 Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选 C 项。
8.2020 年山东卷之 C 篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that . Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of
lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange
land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful
English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了 Bissell 写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是 Bissell
在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to
write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell 仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到
乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让 Bissell 先生再次返回乌兹别
克斯坦。故选 B。
9.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that 用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断 that 指代第一段的内容，
根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于
咸海消失的文章)”可知，that 指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选 D。
10.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but
also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms,
diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell 既体会到了友
善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell 欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，
他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一
个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在
旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B 选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选 B。
11.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他
的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本
文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选 A。
9.2021 年新高考 I 卷之 C 篇原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck
Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des
Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that
ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion
dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck
Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住
房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能
狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大
地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选 A。
29.词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可
知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成
了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏
了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire 获得；B. Export 出口；C. Destroy 破坏；D. Distribute
分配。故选 C。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自 1934 年起，超过 5 亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买
了超过 500 万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选 D。
31.主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩
猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，
故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选 A。
10.2021 年全国乙卷之 B 篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede
that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是
非必需品的观点。原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司24.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age
of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone
can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到 15 岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，
很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机
在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选 B 项。
25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电
话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really
necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent
keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从
未使用过固定电话，另有 13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有
的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非
必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选 A 项。
26.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number
for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有 84%的人可能已经有 50 年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be
honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打
过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选 C 项。
27.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way
of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早
晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面
说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选 B 项。
11.2021 年 1 月浙江卷之 C 篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑 猩 猩 ) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】44．D45．B46．A47．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩
用来交流的手势含义。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where
they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故
意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据 Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选 D。
45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of
Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human
language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨
博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令
人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选 B。
46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.
（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。
但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with
non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，
黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.（所以，
看来差异依然存在）”，故 gulf 的意思是 difference，故选 A。
47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild
chimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以
及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以 D 项：黑猩猩语
言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选 D。
12.2020 年新课标Ⅰ卷之 B 篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight:
Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
C Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。
作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”
和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the
older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理
状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自
己的理解。故选 D 项。
25.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging
writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于 1964 年，这是他关于 20 世纪 20 年
代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出 A Movable Feast
是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选 B 项。
26.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而
必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest
currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划
线词的意思是“回报”。故选 B 项。
27.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because
poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而
喜欢这本书。故选 A 项。
13.2020 年新课标Ⅱ卷之 C 篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they
can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New
York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for
her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is
eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的
皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏
生态平衡表示了担忧。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段 Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the
nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新
奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监 Cree
McCree 说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于
海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选 A。
29.推理判断题。根据第三段 Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们 5 美元，可以推断出科学家们
担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选 A。
30.词义猜测题。根据第五段 The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria
collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的
控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在 20 世纪 80 年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据 but 判断，这是转
折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销
售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词 collapsed 是和 D.crashed 倒闭的意思最相近。故选 D。
31.推理判断题。根据第二段 Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can
wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ”
得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，
根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选 B。
14.2020 年山东卷之 D 篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄
入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the
size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志
最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮
食行为的。故选 D。
13.词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起
吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是 the beanpoles with big appetites。由 contrary to 可推断出，画线词
和 heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D 选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和 heavier people 正好相反。
故选 D。
14.推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers
conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒
数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平
常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她
如何影响参与者。故选 A。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit
because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的
结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们
是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选 C。
15.2020 年 6 月浙江卷之 B 篇
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】25. C 26. D 27. A原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的 Bellevue 采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性
信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
25.指代猜测题。That 位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一
句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可
知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，
That 指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选 C 项。
26.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways(但自适应信
号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number
of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能
起有意义的作用) ”可推知，Kevin Balke 认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选
D 项。
27.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant
declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大
大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in
the value of welcoming new approaches.(在 Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面
的榜样)”可推知，从 Bellevue 的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选 A 项。原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司
