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专题验收评价
专题 09 词义猜测题
内容概览
A·常考题不丢分
【命题点01 单词或短语猜测】
【命题点02 代词或名词指代猜测】
【命题点03 句子意义猜测】
【微专题 词义猜测题易错陷阱】
B·拓展培优拿高分
C·挑战真题争满分
【命题点 01 单词或短语猜测】
1.【广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
In early 2021, I hit a rut in my studies. As a doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago in Illinois, I
worked to design safer, more effective materials for vaccine delivery. Although I had been productive early in my
graduate career, my long hours and hard work were no longer translating into success in the laboratory, and I felt
hopeless about achieving my goals. Something had to change.
......
What does the underlined part “hit a rut” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Stopped progressing smoothly. B．Had very slow reactions.
C．Accepted hard work’s value. D．Overcame a big problem.
【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Although I had been productive early in my graduate career, my long
hours and hard work were no longer translating into success in the laboratory, and I felt hopeless about achieving
my goals. Something had to change.(虽然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效，但我的长时间和辛勤工作不再转
化为实验室的成功，我对实现自己的目标感到绝望。有些事情必须改变。)”可知，我在学业上遇到了瓶
颈，所以划线部分的短语是停止顺利进行的意思。故选A项。
2.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题】
Actually, until her pregnancy Quarles had been living at breakneck speed. It went so until last year. “I was
exhausted,” she says. “I’d been working three jobs, doing my charity and going nonstop. I was afraid my mental
health was getting worse.”
......
Which of the following best explains “breakneck” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Safe and slow. B．Fast and dangerous.
C．Exciting and terrifying. D．Gentle and comfortable.
【答案】 B
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Alicia Quarles has her hands full these days — both of them, at all hours
of the day and night.(这些天艾丽西亚·夸尔斯忙得不可开交——无论是白天还是晚上)”及划线词下文““I
was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been working three jobs, doing my charity and going nonstop. I was afraid my
mental health was getting worse.”(“我筋疲力尽，”她说。“我一直在做三份工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我
担心我的心理健康状况会越来越差。”)”可知，夸尔斯工作繁忙，生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力尽。由
此推知，划线词breakneck与Fast and dangerous(快速危险)意思接近。故选B。
3.【2023届山西省运城市高三5月第三次模拟调研测试】
Getting a driving license was once a universal passage into adulthood. But now a growing minority of young
people ignore or actively oppose it, into their 20s and beyond. That starts to create more support for anti-car
policies in cities around the world to pass anti-car laws, changing planning rules to favour pedestrians over drivers.
After a century in which the car remade the rich world, the tide begins to swing the other way.
By 1997, 43% of America’s 16-year-olds had driving licenses. But the proportion has been falling for every
age group under 40. Even those who have them are driving less. A similar trend is seen in Europe. One study of five
European capitals found the number of driving trips made by working people was down substantially since a peak
in the 1990s.
No one is entirely sure why young adults are proving resistant to owning a car. The growth of the interest isone obvious possibility—the more you can shop online, or stream films at home, the less need there is to drive into
town. The rise of taxi apps like Uber has contributed as well. Driving generally is more expensive. Other reasons
seem more cultural. One big motivator is worries about climate change.
The falling popularity of cars among the under-40s chimes with the mood among city planners and urbanists.
In America, New York has banned cars from Central Park and some streets. In the past few years, dozens of
American cities have removed rules that force developers to provide a certain amount of free parking around their
buildings.
As the example in Oxfond shows, political opposition could put the brakes on the growth of anti-car policies.
But in the parts of Europe where anti-car policies have been in place, they appear to have worked. Giulio notes that
almost nowhere in the world that has removed a big road, or pedestrianised a shopping street, has decided to turn
back. “Once people see, they generally don’t want to go back.” If that pattern holds, the 21st century might just see
the car’s high-water mark.
14．What does the underlined part “chimes with” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Agrees with. B．Sticks to. C．Cooperates with. D．Emerges from.
【答案】 14．A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“In America, New York has banned cars from Central Park and some
streets. In the past few years, dozens of American cities have removed rules that force developers to provide a
certain amount of free parking around their buildings.(在美国，纽约已经禁止汽车进入中央公园和一些街道。
在过去的几年里，几十个美国城市已经取消了迫使开发商在其建筑周围提供一定数量的免费停车位的规
定)”以及“the mood among city planners and urbanists(城市规划者和城市规划者的情绪。)”可知，城市规划
者和城市规划学家应该是维护城市环境，所以会反对汽车进入城市中的某些地方，这说明城市规划者和城
市规划学家也不喜欢人们开车，由此可知，在40岁以下人群中，开车的受欢迎程度在下降，与城市规划者
和城市规划学家的情绪相符合，故画线词意思是“符合”。故选A。
4.【2023届贵州省遵义市高三三模】
Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for days. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1, the bio-
medical engineer has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there—for science.
The underwater living, if successful, will also break the current world record for time spent living underwater,
which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days.
Dituri, who uses the nickname Dr. Deep Sea, is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge (小屋) in Key Largo, Florida
—the same underwater spot where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel, which sits 30 feet belowthe surface, is his intended home until June 9, where he’ll be carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for
his students at the University of South Florida
As part of this research, Dituri is researching the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an
extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space, which
creates a pressure about 1.6 times that of Earth’s surface.
“The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,” Dituri says in a press
release. “This study will examine every way this journey affects my body.” Before taking the dive, Dituri had
psychosocial, psychological and medical tests. He will continue to have testing during and after his 100 days at the
lodge. He’s also taking doses of Vitamin D and keeping regular psychological appointments.
Beyond research, the project is also a chance to promote ocean protection and encourage young scientists.
“The oceans are in a bit of trouble-the coral reefs are under attack, and the fishing industry is collapsing,” Thane
Milhoan, habitat operations manager for Jules’ Undersea Lodge, says in a video. “We wanted to make use of the
attention that the 100-day mission would demand to inspire the youth, more so than anybody, to get involved and
start taking action.”
11．What does the underlined word “collapsing” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Breaking down. B．Coming out.
C．Operating well. D．Growing fast.
【答案】 11．A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The oceans are in a bit of trouble-the coral reefs are under attack, and
the fishing industry is”可知海洋处于麻烦中，珊瑚礁造破坏，渔业在崩溃。海洋需要保护，这也是本项研究
的另一目的。故划线词意思是“崩溃”。故选A。
【命题点 02 代词或名词指代猜测】
1.【湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
Regulatory limits for how much PFAS food packaging should contain can vary greatly. For instance, a new
law in California set the limit at less than 100 ppm. “Compared to America, Denmark sets a much lower regulatory
limit of 20 ppm with great success,” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the European Environment Agency. “It does
work to set limits and enforce them. PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%,
we still saw considerable transmission. In general, transmission from packaging to food is increased as the
temperature of the food rises. It is the same with the time spent in wrapping materials.” Trier told NBS, one of the
major American mass-media companies.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．Considerable migration of grease and water.
B．PFAS transmission from packaging to food.
C．Wrapper exposure to high food temperature.
D．Regulatory limits concerning food packaging.
【答案】B
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not
100%, we still saw considerable transmission.(PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品中。尽管它不是100%，但我们
仍然看到了相当大的传播)”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS从纸张转移到食品中”。故选B。
2.【湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题】
She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This
detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS
orbit.
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part. B．A detailed map.
C．A building material. D．A major obstacle.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster
calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更
快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是
GPS轨道的a building block。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。
3.【2023年湖北武汉校考】Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age
nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the
“exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking
migratory animals’ movements.
What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age
nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.(科里海鸥的寿命很长，
很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式提供了机会)”和“Researchers call
this the “exploration-refinement”(研究人员称之为“探索-精炼”)”可知，此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探
索-精炼”，第三段中划线的this指代的是科里海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C项。
4.【2023届广东省深圳市高级中学高三模拟预测】
During the last few years we have lived through a series of worrying global events, from the COVID
pandemic to devastating wildfires.Instead of feeling informed after watching the news, many people feel anxious,
upset and sick. A new study published in Journal of Health Communication investigated into this problem.
According to the study, stress, anxiety, and poor health follow people who have a constant urge to check the
news. For these individuals, a vicious (恶性的) cycle can develop in which, rather than tuning out, they become
drawn further in, checking for updates around the clock to relieve their emotional stress. But it doesn’t help, and the
more they check the news, the more it begins to interfere (干扰) with other aspects of their lives.
Of the 1,100 people surveyed for the study, 16.5 percent became so absorbed in the news that it dominated
their thoughts, limited the time they spent with family and friends and made it difficult to focus on school or work,
Those are the very things-purposeful engagement and social connection-that help us cope with stress and mental
health challenges.
...
8．What does the underlined phrase “this problem” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．That news addiction may bring negative effects.
B．That COVID-19 affects people’s mental health.
C．That people are exposed to too much information.
D．That journalists focus on terrifying stories to impress readers.
【答案】8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于许多人在看完新闻后非但没有感到知情，反而感到焦虑、
不安和恶心的一项研究，告诉人们应该与新闻建立更健康的关系。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Instead of feeling informed after watching the news, many people feel
anxious, upset and sick.(很多人在看完新闻后并没有得到足够的信息，而是感到焦虑、不安和恶心)”可知，
下文的划线词this problem指代“新闻成瘾可能会带来负面影响”这一问题。故选A项。
5【2023届重庆市巴蜀中学校高考适应性模拟预测5月】The honeybee waggle dance has been celebrated as a most complex animal communication system. A study
uncovered its new property that bees must partially learn the dance from watching experienced dancers, a discovery
that torpedoes the general perception that the dance is wholly inborn. A dancer bee relays information to follower
bees about the target location by adjusting herself while shaking her stomach, allowing for impressive flexibility in
the angle, duration and her enthusiasm. Her body’s angle corresponds to the sun’s position relative to the nest
entrance.
The distance information is conveyed by the dance duration. And the more energetic and passionate the dance,
the better the food. She’ll waggle in a straight line for seconds before circling back to repeat the dance, creating the
figure eight pattern.
This bee waggle dance system was long assumed to be natural behavior, but researchers made a breakthrough
through an experiment. They created territories of newborn bees completely separated from mature ones. When the
newborn started visiting flowers and producing their first waggle dances, they consistently made more errors in the
way they reported the angle and distance to the food source than bees raised in mixed-aged territories and thus
exposed to the waggle dance since they were born. They also generated looser figure eight patterns, making it
harder for the follower bees to get the message. Even when placed back into a territory with mature bees, they
never seemed to learn how to communicate information correctly.
These results suggest every honeybee is born with a waggle dance model that gives them a basic
understanding of how to dance. By watching their elders, they’ll acquire new rules on how to generate the dance
unique to their territory.
This is the first known example of such complex social learning of communication in insects and is a form of
animal culture, strikingly similar to the way human language generates new languages to shape itself around the
local conditions. While the waggle dance is second to human language in terms of the ability to communicate
diverse information through random symbols, the newly-discovered property makes it even more language-like
and just that much more mind-blowing.
12．What does the underlined word “torpedoes” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Illustrates. B．Overturns. C．Fits in with. D．Gives rise to.
15．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The waggle dance. B．Human language.
C．The new property. D．Diverse information.
【答案】12．B 15．A【解析】12．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A study uncovered its new property that bees must partially learn
the dance from watching experienced dancers”以及后文“general perception that the dance is wholly inborn”可知，
一项研究揭示了它的新特性，即蜜蜂必须部分地从观察有经验的舞者中学习舞蹈，这颠覆了人们认为舞蹈
是天生的看法，故画线词意思是“颠覆”。故选B。
15．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“While the waggle dance is second to human language in terms of the ability
to communicate diverse information through random symbols”以及后文“even more language-like and just that
much more mind-blowing”可知，while表示转折，指虽然摇摆舞在通过随机符号交流各种信息的能力方面仅
次于人类语言，但新发现的特性使它（摇摆舞）更像语言，更令人兴奋。故画线词意思是“摇摆舞”。故
选A。
【命题点 03 句子意义猜测】
1.【山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测】
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already
swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many
rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
......
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that______.
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage
2.【2022·湖北孝感高三模拟】
As soon as I started pedaling again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit my
nose. Since that happened t my granddad decided to call it a day and try again the next morning. The next morning
I woke up bright and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. My nose felt better, so I wasn’t that afraid of
falling anymore.
......
26．What does the underlined part in the passage mean?
A．Remember what happened this day.
B．Make the author feel happy.
C．Stop practicing bicycling.D．Go on to ride a bike.
【答案】C
【分析】词义猜测题。下文and try again the next morning.说第二天早晨再尝试，可猜测出my granddad
decided to call it a day 的意思是我的祖父决定暂停，故选C。
3.【2023年湖北武汉校考】
When I was young, a friend and I came up with a “big” plan to make reading easy. The idea was to boil down
great books to a sentence each. “Moby-Dick” by American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to:
“A whale of a tale about the one that got away.” As it turned out, the joke was on us. How could a single sentence
convey the essence (精髓) of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages?
What does the underlined part “the joke was on us” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．We were actually joking. B．We were laughed at by others.
C．We were underestimating’ ourselves. D．We were just embarrassing ourselves.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“The idea was to boil down great books to a sentence each. “Moby-Dick” by
American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to: “A whale of a tale about the one that got away.”(这
个想法是将伟大的书籍简化为一个句子。例如，美国作家Herman Melville的《白鲸》就被简化为:“一个关
于逃走的那个人的故事。”)”和划线句子下文“How could a single sentence convey the essence (精髓)of a
masterpiece with over five hundred pages?(一句话怎么能表达出一部五百多页的杰作的精髓呢？)”可知，作者
和朋友想把一些伟大的书籍简化为一个句子，但是当他们把《白鲸》简化为：“一个关于逃走的那个人的
故事。”时，他们发现用一句话是根本无法表达出一部五百多页杰作的精髓，他们简直是在自取其辱。故
选D。
4.【2023届吉林省吉林市普通高中高三下学期第四次调研测】
Ancient Chinese paintings are always in a vivid state for the world to appreciate, interpret and pass on. Each
signature has the echo of history and the breathing of time.
When a scroll (卷轴) is opened, the art of painting is transformed into a living story, and the hidden history
wakes up from the painting. The Night Revels of Han Xizai is described as the earliest human “movie” with the last
emperor of Southern Tang as the “producer”, the painter Gu Hongzhong as the “cameraman“, and Han Xizai as the
“leading actor”. It is said that Han Xizai understood the suspicion of the emperor and the intention of the painter’s
visit, so he staged a banquet (宴会) with songs, dances and drinks to protect himself. Future generations would be
able to feel the undeclared battles and historical suspicions of the ruler and ministers of that era through thispainting.
Then there is The Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy, which gives you the opportunity to step into
Zhenguan Period and watch the scene of Li Shimin, Emperor Tang Taizong, receiving Lu Dongzan in the palace.
The paintings are used as brushes to record history and have been passed down for thousands of years. They
are ancient paintings, as well as historical documents that can be read at any time. Each one of them is a parallel
universe, allowing us to have a glimpse of those historical ups and downs.
People of later generations want to use advanced technology and innovative ideas to make history and its
stories come alive. Thus, at the 2022 Spring Festival gala, Only This Green, based on the painting A Thousand Li of
Rivers and Mountains, became a hit. We realize that pictures can not only be vivid on paper, but also can be alive in
3D．
Ancient paintings have been appreciated for over a thousand years, and the beauty of China is more than
landscapes. You can enjoy China in ancient paintings with a magnifying ( 放大 ) glass . Let’s enjoy the whispering
of ancient paintings and the sweetness of traditional culture in ancient scrolls.
7．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．A practical tool is a must when appreciating ancient paintings.
B．Ancient paintings are not well preserved due to too long a time.
C．The landscapes in ancient paintings prove to be from China.
D．A lot about Chinese culture can be learnt from ancient paintings.
【答案】 7．D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线句子前的“Ancient paintings have been appreciated for over a thousand years,
and the beauty of China is more than landscapes.(古代绘画已经被欣赏了一千多年，中国的美不仅仅是风
景。)” 可知，古画中的美不仅仅是风景，言外之意，还有关于中国的其他方方面面，再根据划线句子后的
句子“Let’s enjoy the whispering of ancient paintings and the sweetness of traditional culture in ancient scrolls.(让
我们一起欣赏古画的低语，欣赏古卷中传统文化的美妙。)”可知，在古画中反应出来的有更多传统文化的
美妙，由以上可知，该句话应该是引出中国传统文化，因此该句话的意思是：在古画中可以了解很多中国
文化。故选D项。
【微专题 词义猜测题易错陷阱】
1.【福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back
out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. But after having such astrong bond with an animal, it was really difficult to see her go. They had put so much time, effort and energy into
raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made it all worthwhile.
......
Which word can best explain the underlined word “fend” in the last paragraph?
A．Look. B．Care.
C．Search. D．Hunt.
【答案】B
【解析】词句推测题。根据划线词所在句“After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely
emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right
thing to do. (在拯救了这只孤独的动物之后，山姆和维拉发现，不得不把她放回野外让她自己fend，这让他
们非常激动——尽管他们知道这是一件正确的事情。)”，及上下文可知，夫妇俩把一个两周龄的南非白面
大羚羊救回并抚养长大，最终要放归大自然，目的是让它能自己照顾自己，此处fend意为“照看，照
料”，与Care意思相近，故选B项。
2.【河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题】
In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to adjust our
perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which the subjects
listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced three primary findings: The
brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds
after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones,
suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how
to interpret the signal after about half a second.
......
What does the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The previous speech sound. B．The similarly sounding word.
C．The unclearly sounding word. D．The following speech sound.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary
auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the
sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting
re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds.”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗
示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思
“发音不清楚的单词”。故选C。
3.【河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题】
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But
that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme
may be even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow but causes you to make the
same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
......
What does the underlined word “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to
the other extreme may be even worse.(让自己被遗憾淹没确实对你不好。但走向另一个极端可能更糟。)”可
知，另一个极端就是消除遗憾，由此可推知，划线词所在的句子意思为：消除你的遗憾并不能让你从羞耻
和悲伤中解脱出来，只会让你一次又一次地犯同样的错误。extinguish意为“消除，消灭”。故选B。
4.【安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题】
If the test is already set, the best way to prepare for it is with a battery of activities that most closely look like
the test itself. And so as the Big Standardized Tests have spread, publishers have cranked out varieties of coaching
workbooks that are all collections of short excerpts accompanied by a set of multiple choice questions. Instead of
teaching students how to read a whole book, we teach them how to take a standardized test.
......
Which of the following can replace the phrase “cranked out” in paragraph 4?
A．charged B．canceled C．changed D．Produced
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“If the test is already set, the best way to prepare for it is with a battery of
activities that most closely look like the test itself. And so as the Big Standardized Tests have spread (如果考试已
经定下来了，最好的准备方法就是安排一系列最接近考试本身的活动。因此，随着大型标准化考试的普
及)”可知，出版商为了满足学生的考试需求，会推出各种各样的指导练习册，即学生有需求，书商就会大
量出版，因此cranked out与produced同义。故选D。5.【湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题】
Using first-of-their-kind observations from the James Webb Space Telescope. a University of Minnesota Twin
Cities-led team looked more than 13 billion years into the past to discover a unique, minuscule galaxy cluster (星
系团) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate for its size. The galaxy is one of the smallest ever
discovered at this distance —around 500 million years after the Big Bang — and could help astronomers learn
more about galaxies that were present shortly after the universe came into existence.
......
What does the underlined word “minuscule” in paragraph l mean?
A．Extremely small. B．Remarkably dark.
C．Especially remote. D．Quite complicated.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据首段中的“The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance —
around 500 million years after the Big Bang — and could help astronomers learn more about galaxies that were
present shortly after the universe came into existence. (这个星系是在宇宙大爆炸后大约5亿年发现的最小星系
之一，可以帮助天文学家更多地了解宇宙形成后不久出现的星系。)”可知，本句是对该句前的galaxy
cluster (星系团)进行进一步的解释，由此可知，划线单词是对新发现的 galaxy cluster进行修饰，由此可以
推断，划线单词的意思与“Extremely small (极小的)”意义有关。故选A项。
（2023上·辽宁沈阳·高三校联考期中）
A new study released in the journal Plant and Cell Physiology suggests that ethanol (乙醇) — or alcohol-can help
plants survive in times of drought, even for as long as two weeks without water.
To come up with their finding, the researchers grew wheat and rice plants, regularly watering them, and then
added ethanol to the soil in one group of plants over three days. They then kept both groups deprived of (中断)
water for two weeks and found that drunk plants grew better than untreated ones. Around 75% of the drunk wheat
and rice plants survived after rewatering, while less than 5% of the untreated plants did.
The study also looked at how ethanol protected a plant. Using arabidopsis, a small plant commonly used in
experiments, the researchers discovered that when ethanol-treated specimens (样品) were deprived of water, tinyopenings on the leaves’ surface closed up to preserve water and heat.
The team studied arabidopsis’ gene expression and found that the ethanol-treated plants started behaving if
they were experiencing drought, even before they were actually deprived of water. This gene expression gave the
plants an advantage in preparing for a drought.
The researchers said, “The finding is not just useful for the world’s gardens, but also for farms growing vital
crops like rice and wheat. Drought-resistant crops could help achieve sustainable food security, which is an issue
affecting many parts of the world right now.” They added that ethanol was a useful and simple way to increase food
production all over the world in times of drought. “The application of ethanol to plants would be a potent
agricultural method to enhance drought resistance in different plants,” said Motoaki Seki, the study’s lead author.
But, he warned that the ethanol needed to be used reasonably as higher concentration of ethanol prevented plants
growing. Seki added, “We will soon begin testing ethanol on plants in real fields.”
40．What did the researchers find in their study?
A．Plants produce ethanol in times of drought.
B．Drunk plants could live longer without water.
C．There is no need to water house plants every day.
D．It requires more water to grow wheat in the field.
41．Why do the researchers do the study?
A．To cut the cost of food production. B．To bring about the change of diet.
C．To generate increases in food price. D．To help maintain global food security
42．What does the underlined word “potent” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Effective. B．Basic. C．Fictional. D．Necessary.
43．What does Seki want to stress about ethanol in the text?
A．It would fit all kinds of plants. B．It has been applied to real fields.
C．It should be used in proper amount. D．It enables wheat plants to grow fast.
【答案】40．B 41．D 42．A 43．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，在土壤中加入乙醇（酒精）可以帮助植物在干旱时期存活更
长时间。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study released in the journal Plant and Cell Physiology suggests that
ethanol(乙醇)—or alcohol —can help plants survive in times of drought, even for as long as two weeks without
water. (发表在《植物与细胞生理学》杂志上的一项新研究表明，乙醇（酒精）可以帮助植物在干旱时期存活下来，甚至可以在没有水的情况下存活长达两周)”可知，研究人员发现乙醇(（酒精）可以帮助植物在缺
水条件下存活更长时间。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据第五段的““Drought-resistant crops could help achieve sustainable food security, which
is an issue affecting many parts of the world right now.”They added that ethanol was a useful and simple way to
increase food production all over the world in times of drought. (“抗旱作物有助于实现可持续粮食安全，这是目
前影响世界许多地区的一个问题。”他们补充说，在干旱时期，乙醇是增加世界各地粮食产量的一种有用
而简单的方法)”可知，研究人员进行这个实验是为了他们的发现可以在干旱时期提高全世界的粮食产量，
从而有助于维护全球粮食安全。故选D。
42．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“They added that ethanol was a useful and simple way to increase food
production all over the world in times of drought. (他们补充说，在干旱时期，乙醇是增加世界各地粮食产量的
一种有用而简单的方法)”以及后文“agricultural method to enhance drought resistance in various plants (提高各
种植物抗旱性的农业方法)”可推断，在干旱时期，乙醇是增加世界各地粮食产量的一种有用而简单的方法，
所以将乙醇应用于植物将是一种有效的农业方法，可以增强各种植物的抗旱性。故画线词意思是“有效
的”。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But, he warned that the ethanol needed to be used reasonably as higher
concentration of ethanol prevented plants growing. (但是，他警告说，乙醇需要合理使用，因为高浓度的乙醇
会阻碍植物生长)”可推断，Seki想强调的是在土壤中加入乙醇应当适量。故选C。
（2023上·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）
Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for
us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets.
Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real
things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any
healthier for us?
Jinan Banna, a dietitian and nutrition professor at the University of Hawaii says that some fake meat products
can be considered “ultra-processed” foods. “That means they go through multiple processes and have a lot of added
ingredients (配料),” she said. “An alternative burger, for example, might have quite a bit of sodium (钠), as well as
additives.” Some of these additives are on the market for a while before the scientific community determines them
to be harmful, Banna added. “Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a
warning sign. In other words, eschew products with lengthy ingredient lists,” said Sofia Popov, a microbiome
scientist in Copenhagen. “Who knows what’s actually in it?”Perhaps convenience is the best argument for buying an alternative meat product you can simply cook straight
out of the box, but some health experts suggest other plant-based healthful options can be simple, too. For example,
on a busy day, Banna said she was able to throw together a tempeh (a traditional soya product) dish which she put
in a little oil, vinegar and other seasonings. “We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc
and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna.
“Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”
52．What is the common belief on consuming red meat?
A．It is beneficial to our planet. B．It can stimulate the economy.
C．It should be served with vegetables. D．It may make us suffer from heart disease.
53．What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Avoid. B．Provide. C．Inspect. D．Purchase.
54．What does Banna advise people to do?
A．Take in more minerals. B．Turn to convenient food instead.
C．Seek for plant-based meals. D．Choose some animal-based substitutes.
55．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Why Is Plant-based Meat Dying? B．Are Fake Meat Products Good For You?
C．Fake Meat: Food’s Future Or A Fashion? D．What Happened To The Plant-based Meat?
【答案】52．D 53．A 54．C 55．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家指出一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种
食物对人体有害。
52．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in
large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer
correlating to our meat-heavy diets.(大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉——尤其是红肉——对我们和地球
都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关)”可知，人们对食用红肉
的普遍看法可能使我们患心脏病。故选D。
53．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take
it as a warning sign.(当你看到一长串的配料表，包括“天然香料”时，把它当作一个警告信号)”以及后文
“products with lengthy ingredient lists(含有冗长成分表的产品)”可知，当看到一长串的配料，包括“天然香
料”时，我们应该把它当作一个警告信号。换句话说，避开配料表冗长的产品。由此可知，划线词意思是
“避免”。故选A。54．细节理解题。根据最后一段““We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and
other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna.
“Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”(“我们确实从动物性食物中获取
营养——铁、锌和其他矿物质。但它也含有脂肪和胆固醇，所以控制我们的摄入量是有益的，”Banna说。
“素食替代品非常美味，所以我们不应该回避它们。”)”可知，Banna建议我们寻求植物性食物。故选C。
55．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in
large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer
correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more
meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But
are these fake meat products any healthier for us?(大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉——尤其是红肉——对
我们和地球都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关。与此同时，
制造商们正忙着生产越来越美味的、更像肉类的产品，这些产品与真正的东西相匹配，这使得从食用动物
转变成一种不需要思考的事情。但是这些假肉制品真的对我们更健康吗？)”结合文章主要说明了专家指出
一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种食物对人体有害。由此可知，B选项“假肉制品对你有
好处吗？”符合文章标题。故选B。
（2023上·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）
While some critics claim that history curricula (课程) teach unnecessary content, others argue that these
curricula need to be more comprehensive. Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains:
strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.
The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names.
Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component. This process teaches students
how to become critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature of the telling of history.
Through strong history curricula, students are shown both a variety of primary and secondary sources and are
taught to critique them. This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and
ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author’s credibility and potential bias (偏见). Students
are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and
those who tell it.
With this framework, students can then understand the causal relationship between human nature, values,
philosophy, actions, and their consequences. It teaches students to recognize recurrent themes and lessons that are
necessary to understand modern society. Most importantly, it teaches students to develop a healthy skepticism (怀疑论) when presented with information today because our actions are history in the making.
Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching
of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what’s behind us.
Today, this principle still holds true. Students take both the factual knowledge and the historical inquiry skills
they learn in the classroom and apply them to real world circumstances. Throughout their lives, students who are
taught with strong history curricula will take the lessons they learn from our predecessors and become involved,
active, productive citizens who want to create a history that tomorrow’s students will be proud to learn about.
60．What is the biggest academic significance of history learning?
A．Passing down Chinese culture. B．Grasping historical inquiry skills.
C．Making people more knowledgeable. D．Enriching people’s everyday life.
61．What does the underlined word “critique” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Protect. B．Combine. C．Comment. D．Remember.
62．Why is James Fitzgerald mentioned in the passage?
A．To stress the importance of history.
B．To point out the essence of education.
C．To indicate famous people learn from history.
D．To show history contributes to people’s achievements.
63．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．It Is the People that Create History
B．History Pushes the Wheel of the Times
C．History Curricula Are Gaining More Attention
D．History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers
【答案】60．B 61．C 62．A 63．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生
们成为积极主动富有成效的公民。
60．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall
of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important
component.(历史课程提供的最大学术价值不是回忆重要的日期和名字。相反，了解历史调查过程是最重要
的组成部分)”可知，作者认为学习历史的最大的意义在于了解历史探究过程。故选B。
61．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后的“This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not
only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author's credibility andpotential bias (偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more
critically about historical con text and those who tell it.(这就是历史调查过程开始的地方。学生们不仅要开始分
析文章内容并提出问题，还要了解作者的可信度和潜在偏见。这样，学生们就能够将他们所学到的信息语
境化，并能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人)”可知，此处介绍如何对一些资料进行历史探究，
了解作者的可信度、偏见以便能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人。由此推知，划线词critique
与comment“评论”意思一致。故选C。
62．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no
education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in
life is to understand what's behind us.(40年前，著名学者詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德认为，没有历史探究的教育是不
完整的。他认为，在生活中前进的唯一途径是了解我们身后的事情)”可推知，文章中提到了詹姆斯·菲茨杰
拉德，以强调历史的重要性。故选A。
63．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong
history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.(尽管关于内容的争论仍在继续，
但一个普遍的真理仍然存在：强有力的历史课程对于培养未来有生产力的公民是必要的)”及下文论述可知。
文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生们成为积极主动富有成效的公
民。由此可知，D. History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers(历史课程塑造未来的决策者)适合作
本文最佳标题。故选D
（2023上·四川成都·高三校考期中）
Few parlor games (室内游戏) have left a larger global impact than mahjong, which is at once a mainstay at
immigrant family gatherings.
Mahjong is a four-player game that, like poker, operates on the interplay between chance and skill. Chinese
icons are visible in tiles’(麻将牌) “suits”, which include bamboos and circles, which represent ancient Chinese
currency; arrows or “dragons”, which symbolize the ancient art of archery; and flowers, which represent the four
Confucian plants, including chrysanthemum and orchid.
There are more than 40 versions of the game across the world, according to Annelise Heinz, author of the
bestselling Mahjong: A Chinese Game and the Making of Modern American Culture. She says the material
connection and core tile design keep it recognizable.
The rhythms of mahjong are especially conducive to building community, Heinz says. Whereas the shuffling
of cards in between poker games takes mere seconds, mahjong players must sit through extended pauses to reset
tiles after every round. The interval encourages conversation.In the early 1920s, American businessman Joseph P. Babcock brought the game to the U.S., where it became
an “enormous national fad” that Heinz says reflected the country’s shifting cultural norms. Dubbed “the game of a
hundred intelligences” and “the gift of heaven”, the first imported mahjong sets quickly sold out at Abercrombie
& Fitch in New York City.
Over the past century in the US, mahjong has changed into a staple that extends far beyond the Chinese
immigrant family. More recently, the record-shattering 2018 romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians, which features a
crucial mahjong scene, brought the game back into popular culture, fueling interest among Asian American
millennials and Gen Zers. Mahjong’s lasting popularity, Heinz says, speaks to rapid cultural changes that have
unfolded over the past century. “It also offers a kind of hopeful vision of positive identity building and community
building that this game can be a part of into the future,” she says.
69．Which of the following is the synonym for underlined word “mainstay” in Para.1?
A．Backbone B．Guest C．Maintainer D．Decoration
70．What do the Chinese icons of bamboos and circles on the tile’s “suits” represent?
A．Confucian plants and thoughts.
B．Chinese arrows or “dragons”.
C．Ancient forms of art.
D．Ancient Chinese currency.
71．What aspect of playing mahjong is beneficial to community building?
A．Quick shuffling between rounds.
B．Extended pauses to reset tiles.
C．Interplay between chance and skill.
D．Complex game rules and strategy.
72．What does the author think of mahjiong?
A．The rhythms of mahjong is catchy.
B．The imported mahjong sets are costly.
C．It is outdated for the young generations.
D．It is widely influential and promising.
【答案】69．A 70．D 71．B 72．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是在全球影响比较大的室内游戏——麻将。
69．词句猜测题。根据划线词之前“Few parlor games (室内游戏) have left a larger global impact than
mahjong, which is at once(很少有室内游戏能比麻将在全球产生更大的影响)”以及划线词之后“at immigrantfamily gatherings.(在移民家庭聚会上。)”以及文章最后一段“Over the past century in the US, mahjong has
changed into a staple that extends far beyond the Chinese immigrant family.(在过去的一个世纪里，麻将在美国
已经成为一种远远超出了中国移民家庭范围的主要内容。”可知曾经在移民家庭聚会中起着重要的作用的
室内游戏——麻将现在全球范围内产生的影响比任何一种室内游戏都大，所以此处划线词的意思是说麻将
曾经是移民家庭聚会的主要部分，与A项（支柱，骨干）意思接近。故选A项。
70．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Chinese icons are visible in tiles’(麻将牌) “suits”, which include bamboos
and circles, which represent ancient Chinese currency;(在麻将牌的“套装”中可以看到中国的图标，其中包括
代表中国古代货币的竹子和圆圈；)”可知中国的竹子标志和圆圈代表中国古代货币。故选D项。
71．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Whereas the shuffling of cards in between poker games takes mere seconds,
mahjong players must sit through extended pauses to reset tiles after every round. The interval encourages
conversation.(扑克游戏之间洗牌只需要几秒钟，而麻将玩家每轮游戏结束后都必须长时间坐下来重新洗牌。
这段休息时间鼓励大家交谈。)”可知因为麻将玩家每轮游戏结束后都必须长时间坐下来重新洗牌，在此期
间大家可以交谈，而这有利于社区建设。故选B项。
72．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mahjong’s lasting popularity, Heinz says, speaks to rapid cultural
changes that have unfolded over the past century. “It also offers a kind of hopeful vision of positive identity
building and community building that this game can be a part of into the future,” she says.(海因茨说，麻将经久不
衰的流行，说明了过去一个世纪里发生的快速文化变迁。她说：“它还提供了一种充满希望的愿景，即积
极的身份建设和社区建设，这款游戏可以成为未来的一部分。)”可知作者认为麻将具有广泛的影响力和发
展前景。故选D项。
（2023上·广西南宁·高三统考阶段练习）
It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best
medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious,
Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism (机制), capable of turning
anxiety into pleasure.
There are four humor styles. Affiliative humor refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered
funny, which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh. If you’ve ever shared a funny
picture with a coworker, you’ve used affiliative humor. Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at
yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result. Aggressive humor
is laughing at the expense of others, which often involves sarcasm (讽刺), teasing, and criticism. Self-defeating
humor is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers, which is possibly used by someone who’stargeted by bullies.
Each style of humor actually carries a different influence, when it comes to mental health. Julie Aitken
Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing
humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others. By contrast, both aggressive
and self-defeating humor styles can hint at trouble. “We find that self-defeating humor is the most concerning style
as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering. Those with an aggressive humor style may not
experience loneliness as much, however, since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of
their peers,” says Schermer.
Even if you tend to favor more negative humor styles, there’s no reason to lose heart. Schermer says people
can develop a positive, self-enhancing humor style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of
life. As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote, “Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer
to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.”
73．Why is Sigmund Freud’s book mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To show the importance of mental health. B．To stress the role of humor.
C．To persuade people to stay positive. D．To introduce ancient jokes to us.
74．According to the text, which kind of humor may you use to relieve pressure?
A．Affiliative humor. B．Self-enhancing humor.
C．Aggressive humor. D．Self-defeating humor.
75．What does the underlined phrase “hint at” probably mean in the third paragraph?
A．Signal. B．Explain. C．Prevent. D．Solve.
76．Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with?
A．Humor is difficult to control. B．Crying is a good way of relief.
C．Humor is a double-edged sword. D．Laughter is the best cure for stress.
【答案】73．B 74．B 75．A 76．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书——Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious，介绍了四种
不同的幽默类型。
73．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s well-known that humor can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea
that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation
to the Unconscious, Sigmund Freud argued that humor is the highest of the psyche’s defense mechanism (机制),
capable of turning anxiety into pleasure.(众所周知，幽默对我们的身心都有好处。笑是最好的良药这一观点自古以来就存在。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德在他1905年出版的《笑话及其与无意识的关系》一书中认为，幽默是
心灵的最高防御机制，能够将焦虑转化为快乐)”可知，第一段提到这本书是为了强调幽默的作用。故选
B。
74．细节理解题。根据第二段“Self-enhancing humor involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a
way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result.(自我提升的幽默包括能够自嘲，通常是
你处理压力或困难的一种方式，结果感觉更好)”可知，用于缓解压力的是自我提升式幽默，故选B。
75．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Julie Aitken Schermer, a psychological researcher at The University of
Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humor are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor
relationships with others.(西安大略大学的心理学研究员Julie Aitken Schermer说，使用自我提升式幽默的人
不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不佳的迹象)”以及“By contrast, both aggressive and self-defeating humor
styles”可知，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下，攻击性
和自我挫败的幽默风格都可能暗示出麻烦，故划线词意思是“暗示”。故选A。
76．推理判断题。根据第四段“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties. I prefer to laugh,
since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.(笑和哭都是对担心和焦虑的反应。我更喜欢笑，因为笑完之后
要做的清理工作少了)”可知，Kurt Vonnegut更喜欢笑，可得出他可能同意“笑是治疗压力的最好方法”这
一观点。故选D。
（2023上·广东广州·高三广州市第三中学校考阶段练习）
After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number of nurses has increased in the
past three years, the U.S. still experiences a shortage of registered nurses, and that there will be over one million
unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed
Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve
records. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospital.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself
doesn’t have to engage directly — it can serve as a mediator for human communication. Telepresence robots such
as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family
members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them. If you can’t get to the nursing home to visit
grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her.
A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the Human-
Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA, also knownas “Robear,” can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.
On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which has such resilient skin and natural hair color that
some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which
allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.
It’s important to note that robotic nurses don’t decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses. Instead, they
perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one
industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to cooperation, not replacement.
77．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Take the lead. B．Reach the standard.
C．Set a record. D．Miss a turn.
78．Telepresence robots may serve their right purposes in hospital when ______.
A．they collect medical records for patients
B．they deliver food to clinical doctors
C．they move the mobility-disabled patients
D．they assist doctors with long-distance diagnoses
79．What is the distinctive attraction of Actroid F?
A．Its scary arm strength. B．Its adorable appearance.
C．Its human-like voice. D．Its proper interactive response.
80．What is the suitable title for the passage?
A．Robots — the future replacement of nurses
B．Robots — the earth-shaking reform in hospitals
C．Robots — a good supplement to nurses
D．Robots — a new way to treat patients
【答案】77．A 78．D 79．D 80．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在未来，由于护士短缺，机器人将成为医疗领域的趋势，日本已
经开发出了多款功能各异的医疗机器人，机器人将主要用于完成一些日常的重复性工作，从而减轻护士的
负担，向患者提供更好的服务。
77．词句猜测题。根据第一段“After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number
of nurses has increased in the past three years, the U.S. still experiences a shortage of registered nurses, and that
there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.(在2019冠状病毒病之后，美
国劳工统计局预测，虽然护士人数在过去三年中有所增加，但美国仍然面临注册护士短缺的问题，将有超过100万个护士职位空缺。那么解决方案是什么呢？)”及划线词组下文“Toyohashi University of Technology
has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can deliver medicines and other items.(日本丰桥工业大学开发
了一款机器人医疗车Terapio，可以运送药品和其他物品)”可知，在使用机器人补充护士短缺问题上，日本
走在了前面。由此可知，划线词组ahead of the curve与A选项“Taking the lead(领先)”同义。故选A。
78．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled
through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or
Skype (网络电话) them. (像MantaroBot ，Vgo和Giraff这样的远程呈现机器人可以通过电脑、智能手机或
平板电脑进行控制，允许家庭成员或医生远程检查患者)”可推知，远程呈现机器人在医院协助医生进行远
程诊断时，可能会达到正确的目的。故选D。
79． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which
allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. (这个会说话
的机器人伴侣的眼睛里有摄像头，可以跟踪病人，并在互动中使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言)”可推知，
Android F的特别吸引人之处在于其适当的互动反应。故选D。
80．主旨大意题。根据第一段“After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number
of nurses has increased in the past three years, the U.S. still experiences a shortage of registered nurses, and that
there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.(在2019冠状病毒病之后，美
国劳工统计局预测，虽然护士人数在过去三年中有所增加，但美国仍然面临注册护士短缺的问题，将有超
过100万个护士职位空缺。那么解决方案是什么呢？)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是文章介绍了
在未来，由于护士短缺，机器人将成为医疗领域的趋势，日本已经开发出了多款功能各异的医疗机器人，
包括可以进行巡逻的Terapio、可以帮助病人的Robear和外表逼真的会交流的机器人Actroid F等。机器人
将主要用于完成一些日常的重复性工作，从而减轻护士的负担，向患者提供更好的服务。由此可知，C选
项“Robots — a good supplement to nurses(机器人——护士的良好补充)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。
故选C。
（2023上·江西宜春·高三江西省宜丰中学校考期中）
Most of us would like to be more creative, but we assume there is little we can do about it. Psychology
professor K. Anders Ericsson claims that with enough practice, any of us can become experts. However, he is quick
to add that this requires a specific kind of practice that Ericsson calls ‘deliberate practice’: that is, pushing beyond
one’s comfort zone and setting goals that are above one’s current level of performance. He says he has yet to find
the limits on being successful and he doesn’t believe them to be real.
Ericsson has looked primarily at artistic and athletic skills, but can these findings apply to creativity? Mostexperts agree that even if most people cannot hope to become creative geniuses, they can learn to become more
creative through practice. Psychologists claim that there are actually two levels of creativity, which they refer to
as’Big C’ and ‘small c’. Big C creativity applies to breakthrough ideas, ones that may change the course of a field
or even history. Small c creativity refers to everyday creative problem solving, like creating a new recipe or
improving a process, which psychologists subdivide further into similar and different thinking. Similar thinking
involves examining all the facts and arriving at a single solution. In contrast, different thinking involves coming up
with many possible solutions. What most people think of as creativity generally involves different thinking and can
be taught, practised and learnt.
Even with practice, different thinking alone cannot make one creative, however. Scott Barry Kaufman, a
cognitive psychologist, says that most creative people share one personality quality: openness to new experience.
Since this quality and these processes have been identified, less creative people can try to emulate them. Normally,
we tend to reproduce what we already know because creative ideas move us into unfamiliar territory involving risks
and following the usual behaviors is comfortable.
Moving outside of our comfort zone, engaging indeliberate practice and tolerating contradictory ideas, risk and
failure are all things we can learn to do better. It is unlikely that doing so will transform any of us into creative
geniuses, but it does have the potential to increase our level of creativity.
81．Why does Ericsson think he can’t find the limits?
A．No restrictions exist. B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Each one can succeed. D．The goal is ambitious.
82．Which of the following is an example of ‘small c’?
A．Settling in outer space.
B．Building a plastic doghouse.
C．Developing robots to look after the old.
D．Explaining the theory of evolution in class.
83．What does the underlined word “emulate” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Justify. B．Limit. C．Copy. D．Assess.
84．What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A．We can learn to be more creative.
B．Life is full of various challenges.
C．It’s better to take deliberate practice.D．Most can become creative geniuses.
【答案】81．A 82．B 83．C 84．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是通过练习，我们可以提高我们的创造力。
81．细节理解题。根据第一段“He says he has yet to find the limits on being successful and he doesn’t believe
them to be real. (他说他还没有找到成功的限制，他不相信这些限制是真的。)”可知，埃里克森认为他找不
到极限是因为不存在任何限制。故选A。
82．推理判断题。根据第二段“Small c creativity refers to everyday creative problem solving, like creating a
new recipe or improving a process, which psychologists subdivide further into similar and different thinking. (小创
造力指的是日常创造性地解决问题，比如创造一个新配方或改进一个过程，心理学家将其进一步细分为相
似和不同的思维。)”可知，建一个塑料狗窝是“小c”的例子，因为这是创造一个新东西的过程，故选B。
83．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Normally, we tend to reproduce what we already know because creative
ideas move us into unfamiliar territory involving risks and following the usual behaviors is comfortable. (通常情况
下，我们倾向于复制我们已经知道的东西，因为创造性的想法会把我们带入一个充满风险的陌生领域，而
遵循通常的行为是舒适的。)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“由于这种品质和这些过程已经被确定，缺
乏创造力的人可以尝试模仿他们”，划线词的意思是“模仿，复制”，和copy意思相近，故选C。
84．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Moving outside of our comfort zone, engaging indeliberate practice and
tolerating contradictory ideas, risk and failure are all things we can learn to do better. It is unlikely that doing so
will transform any of us into creative geniuses, but it does have the potential to increase our level of creativity. (走
出我们的舒适区，进行不经意的练习，容忍矛盾的想法，风险和失败，这些都是我们可以学会做得更好的
事情。这样做不太可能把我们中的任何一个人变成有创造力的天才，但它确实有可能提高我们的创造力水
平。)”可知，本文主要讲的是通过练习，我们可以提高我们的创造力，因此本文主要想表达的是“我们可
以学着更有创造力”。故选A。
（2023上·辽宁铁岭·高三校联考期中）
Humans have made the world less friendly to birds in many ways. One obvious example of this can be found
in metal spikes (尖刺), or anti-bird spikes in buildings to prevent birds from landing and even nesting. However, a
handful of birds have struck back.
Auke-Florian Hiemstra, a biologist researching animal architecture at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in
Leiden, Netherlands, studies how wild animals use materials made by humans. He has seen nests that include some
unusual materials—things like plastic flowers and sunglasses. But he was surprised when seeing a picture of a
magpie (喜鹊) nest, the top of which had anti-bird spikes.Researchers had learned that the smart species, magpies and crows (乌鸦), were stealing anti-bird spikes as a
nest-building material. The two species appeared to use the anti-bird spikes in slightly different ways. For the
crows, the spikes seemed purely structural, a material used to fashion a solid foundation. But for the magpies, there
was an additional layer of intention: They appeared to use the spikes like humans do-rounded covering over their
nests to keep other birds from landing.
One recent study reported that nests with man-made materials have been found all over the world and that the
man-made materials include all kinds of man-made materials, including knitting needles, candy wrappers, spiky
wires, and cigarette ends. Although magpies and crows haven’t been documented doing this, other birds have.
Scientists aren’t sure if birds are using artificial materials because they’re better, or simply because they’re easy to
find. What is noteworthy is that human-made materials in bird nests can cause injuries. For example, anti- bird
netting, often placed over garden plots, is known to be dangerous for birds, which often end up being entangled in
it.
For Hiemstra, while the new discoveries are fascinating, he also highlights a broader issue: the unfortunate
popularity of anti-bird spikes. “It’s kind of sad to keep fighting against nature instead of accepting it as part of the
city,” he said.
85．Why was Hiemstra surprised when seeing the photo of a magpie nest?
A．A magpie decorated its nest with plastic flowers.
B．Magpies and crows are as intelligent as humans.
C．Magpies and crows cooperated to build the nests.
D．The magpie nest was equipped with metal spikes.
86．How do magpies and crows differ from each other in using anti-bird spikes?
A．Crows use them for fashion.
B．Magpies use them for defence.
C．Crows use them to keep off other species.
D．Magpies use them to strengthen the nests.
87．What does the underline word “entangled” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Discovered. B．Frightened. C．Released. D．Trapped.
88．What does Hiemstra intend to do in the last paragraph?
A．Support birds’ using man-made materials.
B．Accept anti-bird spikes as part of the city.C．Disapprove of humans’ using anti-bird spikes.
D．Stress the popularity of anti-bird spikes in birds.
【答案】85．D 86．B 87．D 88．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类在很多方面使这个世界对鸟类不那么友好了。一个明显的例子
是金属钉，或者建筑物上的防鸟钉，以防止鸟类降落甚至筑巢。
85．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But he was surprised when seeing a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest, the top of
which had anti-bird spikes.”（但当他看到一张喜鹊巢的照片时，他感到很惊讶，喜鹊巢的顶部有防鸟刺。）
可知，海姆斯特拉在看到喜鹊窝的照片时感到惊讶是因为喜鹊巢上装有防鸟刺。故选D项。
86．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The two species appeared to use the anti-bird spikes in slightly different ways.
For the crows, the spikes seemed purely structural, a material used to fashion a solid foundation. But for the
magpies, there was an additional layer of intention: They appeared to use the spikes like humans do-rounded
covering over their nests to keep other birds from landing.”（这两个物种使用防鸟刺的方式似乎略有不同。对
乌鸦来说，尖刺似乎纯粹是结构性的，是一种用来打造坚实基础的材料。但对于喜鹊来说，还有另一层意
图:它们似乎像人类一样使用尖刺——圆形的覆盖物覆盖在它们的巢穴上，防止其他鸟类降落。）可知，喜
鹊和乌鸦在使用防鸟刺方面的不同之处是喜鹊用它们来防御。故选B项。
87．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“What is noteworthy is that human-made materials in bird nests can cause
injuries.”（值得注意的是，筑巢的人造材料会造成伤害。）以及划线单词句中“For example, anti- bird
netting, often placed over garden plots, is known to be dangerous for birds”（例如，防鸟网，通常放置在花园地
块上，已知对鸟类是危险的）由此可知，此处应为它们经常被缠住。故可猜测划线单词entangled为“缠
住”的意思，结合选项D项Trapped“被困”意思一致。故选D项。
88．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For Hiemstra, while the new discoveries are fascinating, he also highlights a
broader issue: the unfortunate popularity of anti-bird spikes. “It’s kind of sad to keep fighting against nature instead
of accepting it as part of the city,” he said.”（对希姆斯特拉来说，虽然这些新发现令人着迷，但他也强调了一
个更广泛的问题：防鸟钉的不幸流行。他说：“不断与自然抗争，而不是接受它作为城市的一部分，这有
点可悲。”）可推知，希姆斯特拉在最后一段想表达不赞成人类使用防鸟钉。故选C项。
（2024上·重庆·高三统考阶段练习）
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI), many people worry that they will end up
without job opportunities. A recent paper says that “around 80% of the us workforce could have at least 10% of
their work tasks affected”. Another paper suggests that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
significant and unexpected disruptions (混乱).Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them.
In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent
when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of them have a good explanation for why
countries with the highest rates of tech usage, such as Japan, Singapore and South Korea, consistently have the
lowest rates of unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by
occupation, we single out white-collar workers. These include people working in everything from back-office
support and financial operations to copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be vulnerable to generative AI,
which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity. However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI
hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a share of the total, as many people in service
occupations lost their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI tools massively, so the impact on jobs could only
be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number
of roles. While AI may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working
out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their
company could rise which would then allow bosses to increase hiring.
93．What is the author’s attitude towards the economists’ predictions?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Puzzled. D．Curious.
94．What does the underlined part “vulnerable to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Exposed to. B．Fond of. C．At risk from. D．In need of.
95．What may lead to the limited impact of AI?
A．AI technology is not advanced enough. B．Businesses are resistant to using AI.
C．AI tools are ineffective for most tasks. D．AI tools are still not widely used.
96．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A research plan. B．A user report
C．A computer textbook. D．A science magazine.
【答案】93．A 94．C 95．D 96．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了人工智能对就业的影响。
93．推理判断题。根据第二段的内容“Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions aboutautomation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would
kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few
of them have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage, such as Japan, Singapore
and South Korea, consistently have the lowest rates of unemployment.（然而，经济学家更喜欢预测自动化，而
不是测试自动化。在21世纪初，他们中的许多人大声预测机器人将夺走数百万人的工作，但当发达国家的
就业率升至历史最高水平时，他们却沉默了。很少有人能很好地解释为什么日本、新加坡和韩国等科技使
用率最高的国家，失业率却一直最低）”推知，作者对对经济学家的预测持怀疑的态度。故选A项。
94．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的“generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and
creativity.（生成式人工智能，它在逻辑推理和创造力方面变得越来越好）”可知，因为生成式人工智能逻
辑推理和创造力方面变得越来越好，所以人们认为从事脑力劳动的白领工作者容易受影响，所以划线单词
vulnerable to的意义为“易受……的影响”，与C项“at risk from（面临风险）”意义相近。故选C项。
95．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子“Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies
will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at
others, such as management and working out what others need.（然而，另一种可能性是，这些新技术最终只会
摧毁一小部分职位。虽然人工智能在某些任务上可能很有效率，但在其他方面可能不太擅长，比如管理和
解决别人的需求）”可知，人工智能的影响有限的原因是人工智能工具不能胜任一些工作，即人工智能没
有广泛的使用。故选D项。
96．推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知，本文主要分析了人工智能对就业的影响，结合第一段“A recent
paper says that “around 80% of the us workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected.Another
paper suggests that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face significant and unexpected disruptions
(混乱).”.(最近的一篇论文称，“大约80%的美国劳动力可能至少有10%的工作任务受到影响”。另一篇论
文指出，法律服务、会计和旅行社将面临重大的、意想不到的中断。)”引用了两篇论文的结论推知，该文
本可能来自一本科学杂志。故选D项。
【2023 ▪全国甲卷】
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecingtogether furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She
says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout
the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around £ 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth
wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £ 5 a day?
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before. B. By furmishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27. What trend in DIY does the research show?
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女
性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,
she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近
画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
25.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From
the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded
with £ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁
的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks
and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工
作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故
选B。
26.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to
avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任
何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。
故选A。
27.细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在
是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out abit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others
comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who
are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision.
25. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A. He disapproved of it. B. He was favorable to it.
C. He was tolerant of it. D. He didn’t care about it.
26. What can we infer about the author?
A. She is quite good at cooking. B. She respects others’ privacy.
C. She enjoys being a housewife. D. She is a determined person.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to get on well with other family members.
B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【答案】24. B25. A26. D27. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
24.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备
好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if
you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个
过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改
变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入
这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事
情)意思接近。故选B。
25.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, andmy dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，
我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推
知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
26.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was
within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your
household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make
the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可
推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不
是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though,
which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-
always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭
中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费
的生活方式。故选C。
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what theymean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the use of a software program.
B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28. B29. C30. B31. A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called
Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，
在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列
前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。
故选B。
29.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences
from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors
no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问
会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错
误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
30.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is
central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer
works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does
not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond 所指的是意义的问
题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串
符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是
无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
31.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation,
interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our
heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社
会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于
我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们
能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
【2023 ▪新高考I卷】
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that youshould avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for
your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B9. A10. C11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a
detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you
decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后
如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选
B。
9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty
days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that
you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活
动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”
可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own
digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform
a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将
借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一
章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build
a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮
助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第
二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
【2023 ▪新高考II卷】
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in
almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout
history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books
and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds
of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of
the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in
their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the
raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page
outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as
any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages
parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly
networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance
of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.8. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】8. B9. C10. A11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
8.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an
everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.
(Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的
近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and
could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为
艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
9.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。
我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是
关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
10.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these
connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,
with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及
“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年
前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短
语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电
池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line”
activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达
的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
【2023 ▪全国乙卷】
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳
入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had
texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and
until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，
因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚
的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”
可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some
chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本
和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作
者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文
“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian
side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方
面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是
一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，
只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所
有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通
过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我
们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of
that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅
要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，
如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以 conversation指的是“历史”。
故选B。
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had
texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一
部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而
世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读
文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史
就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2022年记叙文
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked thepage even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself?
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童
读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sittingwith my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故
事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而
这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。
故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a
tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my
storybook was like that. (事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开
心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故
事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I
edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，
我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为
自己懂数码技术。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent
little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. (然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差
距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
【2022年浙江卷6月】
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch
was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a
school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale
skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the
students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would
pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately,
between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind
forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much
like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to
converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in
Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be
fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse
population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This
work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the
streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?
A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn.
C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different.
2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
.
A An Italian teacher. B. A government official.
C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.
3. How did the summer job benefit the author?
A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true.
【答案】l.D 2.C 3.C
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界
的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。
1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三四句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my
kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from
those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. (几年后，当我站在布鲁
克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了。我的同学中有皮肤白皙、蓝眼睛大的，
也有棕色皮肤、深色头发的)”可知，当作者去了在Brooklyn的一所学校之后，发现学校里的人不一样。
故选D。
2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government
agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过
去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐
的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class ina school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午
餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，
工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are
impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer
confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙
的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，
我会享受它的多样性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。
【2022年浙江卷1月】
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
bom of the financial crisis （危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where
she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day,
while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in
Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to
decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth*s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet
with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed
a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes,
she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says,
*'When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly
that I mush help animals.
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A. She wanted to work near her home.B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3 What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】l.D 2.D 3.C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专
家。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中 “ The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten
years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做
了 10 年 的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，
Merebeth之所以换 工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中 “ It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and
Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.
She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。
如果她想去一个新 的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线
词的意思是“渴望去不 同的地方旅行”。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been
independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世
界 里。我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠
自己。 故选C。【2022年浙江卷6月】
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch
was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a
school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale
skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the
students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would
pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately,
between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind
forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much
like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-
speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to
converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in
Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be
fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse
population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This
work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the
streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?
A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn.
C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different.
2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
.
A An Italian teacher. B. A government official.
C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.
3. How did the summer job benefit the author?
A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true.
【答案】l.D 2.C 3.C
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。
1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三四句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my
kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from
those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. (几年后，当我站在布鲁
克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了。我的同学中有皮肤白皙、蓝眼睛大的，
也有棕色皮肤、深色头发的)”可知，当作者去了在Brooklyn的一所学校之后，发现学校里的人不一样。
故选D。
2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government
agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过
去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐
的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in
a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午
餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，
工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are
impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer
confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙
的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，
我会享受它的多样性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。
2021年记叙文
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and
Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it
to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us
really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them
into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there
was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in themorning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were
some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a
bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we
knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan
was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time
that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍
了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided
to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成
年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the
day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来
越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking
like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得
不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七
八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to
look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，
事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。
故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open
doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们
正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物
园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
【2021年全国甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,
London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my
beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 yearsago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的
地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己
的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved
beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，
没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能
很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重
要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友
大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod hishead. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你
好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板
的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑
板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找
到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
【2021年浙江卷6月】We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk
from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick
up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four
and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人 David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的
旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它
看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marked to
young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David Bond通过
拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network
(世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意
思一致。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network,
a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，
开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界
网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主
要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销
给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
2020年记叙文【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was
back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of
book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."
"What's that?" they asked.
"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,
,
"You don't have grandchildren " someone said.
"I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to
describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken
away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would
return the belonging.
The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then
someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions
back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They
enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large,
beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.
4. What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students?
A. To collect the water pistol. B. To talk about her grandchildren.
C. To recommend some toys. D. To explain her teaching method.
5. What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?
A. The student's parent. B. The maker of the Grandma's Box.
.
C. The author's grandchild D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.
6. What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?
A. They went to play with the baby. B. They asked to see the Grandma's Box.
C. They made a present for Gordon. D. They stopped asking their toys back.
7. What can we infer about the author?A. She enjoys telling jokes. B. She is a strict and smart teacher.
C. She loves doing woodwork. D. She is a responsible grandmother
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒
子”的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年
圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of
"forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又
回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中
“‘Please bring that pistol to me,’ I said. ‘I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.’(“请把那支水枪给我，”我
说。“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选
A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I would return the belonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为
“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出
现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students
would say, ‘That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon.’(从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财
物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子”里)”由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，
他们不再索要玩具。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者对待学生很严
格；同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可推知，
作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选B。
【2020年浙江卷1月】I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.
Calloway our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was
on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change
your clothes. I was willing；I would do anything to read.My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books
for myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she
wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day
you`d taken it out；it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You
could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing
them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was
extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing
something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red
Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer– in
character –"The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.
21. Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?
A. diet. B. Strict. C. Humorous. D. Considerate.
22. What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?
A. Desire to read. B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C. Interest in games. D. Fear of the library rules.
23. Where is the text probably from?
A. guidebook. B. an autobiography. C. a news report. D. book review.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习
惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中 I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.
Calloway our librarian. （我从来没见过哪个在杰克逊长大的人不害怕我们的图书管理员卡洛维夫人）以及
SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent
you straight back home to change your clothes.（到处都挂着牌子，上面用黑色的大字写着“肃静”。如果她
认为你穿得不合适，她会直接让你回家换衣服）可知Mrs. Calloway很严格。故选B。
【22题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.（现在，
我觉得她在做其他事情的同时，也在阅读）可知作者的妈妈也非常喜欢阅读，故作者的母亲渴望读书和作
者是一样的。故划线短语意思为“渴望读书”。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。结合文章主要内容可知，作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，
而作者的母亲也和作者一样渴望读书。故可推测文章可能来自于一份自传。故选B。
2022年阅读理解说明文
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to
look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness
and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康
状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in
to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels
great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来
外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项
目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第
一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义
相近。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.的
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目 想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director
of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our
residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高
兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反
响很好。故选A。
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public
service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are
behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一
名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public
service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are
behind the wheel. ”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方
法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be
getting worse. ”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各
样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项
ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or
done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. ”（这项技术可以确定司机是否
发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机
是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此
相符，故选B。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior. ”（我们需要一
些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the
Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. ”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是
当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something
指代的是法律。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们
在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.
”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了
解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用
了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。
故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合
文章的标题。故选B。
【2022年全国乙卷】Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways
and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of
applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and
infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
.
A To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
.
D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能
帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They
could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the
correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样
的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人
机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a
year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间
派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs
and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety
problems. they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.可知，无人机在
铁路出现任何安全问题之前可以检测其故障，提前预警，以便高速行驶的火车能及时做出反应。。故选
A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the
very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of
rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁
路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未
来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机
检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护
铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章
主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思
想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
【2022年全国甲卷】As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little
Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what
was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left animpression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
8. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
9. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
10. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
.
11 What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望
探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the
UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步
探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最
终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线
词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on
ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从
火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of
the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深
刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的
吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有
着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南
极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。
【2022年北京卷】“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal
would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part
of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less
often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach
known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires
considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those
things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems
thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need
to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they
need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良
)people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in
food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common
diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of
at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known.This shows that we have some way to travel
before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent
parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal
power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such
power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systemsapproach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their
direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results,
but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic D. predict the ending
29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D. It goes beyond human imagination.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。
28.【解析】
推理判断题。由文章第一段““What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor
Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that
isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but
much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—
an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges. (“如果没有饥饿，
世界会是什么样子？”这是 Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因
为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工
程师，但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为
系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维
的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。
29.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段“This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of
systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.(这表明，在
实现系统思考的第一个目标之前，我们还有一段路要走——在本例中，这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成
部分。)”可知，实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走，现尚未实现。故选A项。
30.【解析】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result
—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.(Crystal着手改
变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的
关键。)”可知，作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but
research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways
of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when
people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution. D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
【答案】7. D 8.B 9.C 10.A
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发
现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
7.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to
success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是
成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of
Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who
practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些
事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提
出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，
Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
8.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room
meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不
屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即
被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，
由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
9.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads
to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。
)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。10.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on
the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，
尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，
所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but
research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways
of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when
people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution. D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
【答案】7.D 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发
现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
7.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to
success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是
成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of
Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who
practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些
事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提
出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，
Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
8.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room
meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不
屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被
认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，
由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
9.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads
to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。
)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。
10.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on
the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，
尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
2021年阅读理解说明文
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the
skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few
decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of
market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and
house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
,
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的
急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，
而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极
大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，
北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了
转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了
这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute
分配。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase
more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过
500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只
有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可
知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
【2021年北京卷】Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open
letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.
Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might
create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long
ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so
disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might
happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers
of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the
“ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given
lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,
possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.
“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we
have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to
be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.
“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there
to make the best of a troubling future.”
28. What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Scientific. B. Credible.
C. Original. D. Relevant.
29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is________.
A. worried B. puzzled
C. surprised D. scared
30. What can we learn from this passage?
A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.
C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
D. The global collapse is well underway.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风
险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable
is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most
technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此
时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场
病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，
不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，
正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原来
的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are
likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，
我们都希望事情在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,”
they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他
们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么
糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全球崩塌”的重视意识不够，比较担心，A. worried担忧的；B. puzzled
困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. scared害怕的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，
故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。原文诗歌“Man is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope.”（人类是麻醉品的受害者；沉
迷于无可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，
充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely
to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都
希望事情在未来会变好），结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则
提到执着于“quieting hope that ignores preparedness.”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想），接着又借学者之口，
提到“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we
see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看
到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可见，上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未对另一方的观点有任何呈现，理解文章后可知，作者有明显的态度倾向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，
故选B。
【2021年浙江卷1月】 Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees
(黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a
"vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda,
and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
7．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
8．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
9．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来
交流的手势含义。
7．D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where
they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们
故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选
D。
8．B推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of
Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human
language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨
博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点
令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
9．A词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.
（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流
方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with
non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，
黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.（所
以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
10．D主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild
chimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含
义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
2020年阅读理解说明文
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s
a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the
relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and
transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest
Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is
almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is
Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is
Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
C. Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作
者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之
处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现
在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可
以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging
writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年
代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable
Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而
必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest
currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断
出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
27. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because
poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌
而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on yourholiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to
bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at
least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。
海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平
衡表示了担忧。
28. 推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the
nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新
奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监
Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以
判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.
得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担
忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30. 词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria
collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年
的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这
是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不
再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,
both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to
existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the
beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study aboutmovie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。
文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the
size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志
最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
13. 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人
一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画
线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相
反。故选D。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers
conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据
倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比
平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看
看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit
because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的
结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我
们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
【2020年江苏卷】 For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for
health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been
known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise
healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the
men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed
that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped
breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the
other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat
tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayedlower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.
As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other
hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these
genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout
the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men
had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip
eating first.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
62. Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A. Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B. Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C. They could walk at an average speed.
D. They had slow metabolic rates.
63. What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A. They successfully lost weight. B. They consumed a bit more calories.
C. They burned more fat on average. D. They displayed higher insulin levels.
64. What could be learned from the research?
A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可
能对健康更有益。
61. 词句猜测题。根据下文working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first可知，
早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断
划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。62. 细节理解题。根据第三段的 They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men,
whose lifestyles are far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重
的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可
知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。
63. 细节理解题。根据第六段的As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when
they had eaten first. On the other hand. they burned slightly more calories(卡路里), on average, during the workout
after breakfast than after fasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪
要多。 另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早
饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。
64. 推理判断题。根据最后一段The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from
exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，这些结果的暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不
吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。
2022年阅读理解议论文
【2022 年北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been
sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as
humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson
who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
.
【答案】31 A 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学
家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may
mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers
can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着
量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的
工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于
约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀
疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
32.【解析】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅
度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been
able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time
quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度
上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问
题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做
法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33.【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（
但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该
理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的
酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故 prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.
Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many
smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to
turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大
型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们
“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一
段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像
泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投
资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像
它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。2021年阅读理解议论文
【2021年全国乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian
homes still paying for a landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必
需品的观点。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15
who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can
make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，
很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手
机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的
澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really
necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent
keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从
未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥
有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的
非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50
years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be
honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一
打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas
street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛
奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
【2021年天津卷第一次】About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It
worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning.
Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst
into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the
months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The
uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons
on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a
glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed
loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful
attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to
make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it
with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had.
Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after
everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is
tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we
begin.
40．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A．Its tank grew dirty. B．Its old skin came off.
C．It got a skin disease. D．It went missing.
41．Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A．The birthday cake was ruined. B．The author made good puddings.C．Pudding was his favorite dessert. D．They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
42．Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept.
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
43．The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A．letting go of the past B．looking for a new job
C．getting rid of a bad habit D．giving up an opportunity
44．What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C．We should move on no matter what happens.D．Past experiences should be treasured.
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作
者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把
过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and
children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二
天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤
蜕了下来)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据第六段“Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my
daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass
were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
(就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它
掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉
布丁)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play
baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off
his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer
served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to
live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past
behind.( Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的
决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都
变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter
how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，
都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者在文章中提到The
Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选C。
43．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had
to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the
past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像
我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意
识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of
change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly
new.(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就
改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it
ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是
以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论
发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选C。
2020年阅读理解议论文
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I
was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me
and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the
library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It
was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library
lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when
they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that
helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think
all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share
library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day
as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures
through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本
书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推
断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33. 词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihad several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up
and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我
有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩
子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子
挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣
在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.
Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk
about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读
者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他
的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35. 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最
佳标题。故选D。
【2020年北京卷】Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法)
carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our
smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more
perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been
designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong”
or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the
development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an
imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…
that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest
that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by
many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
,
44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on
our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one
language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我
们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present
everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all
available data, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并
利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用
人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems(帮助
解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.
In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent
machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自从人工智能
的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创造出一台
“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为Irving
Good对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“disapproving(不
赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe
there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智
能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）
或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A项。
2020年阅读理解新闻报道
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group
of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-
wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the
filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it withcomputer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part
Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A. To see famous film stars.
B. To oppose wearing fur coats.
C. To raise money for animal protection.
D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making “Apes.”
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes.”
D. The performance of real apes.
26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely.
B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully.
D. Watching carefully.
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally
D. They would lose popularity.
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好
莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍
摄也是不能够被监测到的。
24. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign
praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，
手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为
了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
25. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to
create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance
and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利
用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，
以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
26. 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or
animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a
number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger
of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,
“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此
可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意
思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio
that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are
questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions
filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和
生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严
密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生
活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in
Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted
to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, wheremillions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是
Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to
write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到
乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别
克斯坦。故选B。9. 词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根
据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于
咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but
also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms,
diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友
善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，
他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一
个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在
旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的
书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文
的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
