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专题 04 阅读理解之猜测词义题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测单词含义题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语含义题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子含义题（最新模拟）
【题型四】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词含义题（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
题型一 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测单词含义题
1.（2025·陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测（一））
Food is one area of our lives that is in desperate need of an overhaul. Roughly one-third of food produced for
human consumption goes to waste worldwide, costing the economy $940 billion a year. All that waste pumps out
70 billion tons of greenhouse gases annually, which amounts to approximately 8% of global greenhouse gases
emitted (排放) by human activities. Thus, reducing food waste is a powerful step one can take to fight climate
change.
What does the underlined word “overhaul” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Consistently stable promotion. B．Complete examination and improvement.
C．Conservation and development. D．Immediate end of something.
2.（2025·山东省临沂第一中学北校区高三阶段性检测）原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司Scientists now know that loneliness can cause many health problems. That may be because ancestral humans
thrived in supportive communities—and anything less can set off a biochemical stress response. “Our brains
function more efficiently when we are with others,” says Julianne.
What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．participated voluntarily B．lived healthily
C．remained stable D．got desperate
3.（2025·河南省驻马店市高三期末）
It seemed appropriate to start the journey into America’s past in Washington, D．C． “This is the front yard,
the nation’s front yard,” Neil said. “It just seemed like the perfect place to start this walk.” Then Neil crossed the
Mason-Dixon Line, which runs through the middle of a 19th-century farm. In York, he walked through a cemetery
(公墓), where some volunteers were cleaning up and honoring unsung heroes. In Pennsylvania, he stopped for an
afternoon to socialize with some locals.
“On the road, I met so many great people that I almost felt were put there by some higher power to interact
with me,” Neil said. “And indeed, are we not the offspring (后代) of a power greater than ourselves, the power of
community?”
Meanwhile, the health benefits of walking are obvious: increased cardio capacity, deeper breathing that
energizes the lung, and power to almost every muscle in the body. On another level, moving through the small
details of lives intertwined with history and emotion gives him a sense of what we can accomplish.
Which can replace the underlined word “intertwined” in paragraph 5?
A．satisfied B．connected C．familiar D．busy
4.（2025·浙江省宁波市镇海中学模拟）
The dominance of television was not contained to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind,
fundamentally changing our experience of the world, affecting politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced
many aspects of modern life to entertainment and commerce. “Americans don’t talk to each other; we entertain
each other,” Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with
propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”
The underlined word “propositions” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences
5.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考）原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司But there’s a hitch. Today’s longest blades have become too big to be delivered to inland wind farms. They
can be taken only by ship to offshore sites, where building costs are far higher.
What does the underlined word “hitch” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Improvement. B．Advantage.
C．Challenge. D．Disorder.
题型二 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语含义题
1.（2025 年高考预测卷（五））
Figures on the use of AI in work must be taken with a pinch of salt because different companies define the
use of AI differently, but the overall trend is that companies are increasingly using AI for human resources, and the
UK is one of the front-runners in this space.
Which best explains the underlined part “a pinch of salt” in paragraph 3?
A．Curiosity. B．Relief. C．Doubt. D．Anxiety.
2.（2025·四川省攀枝花市高三统一考试）
Participants were asked to label each image as real or AI-generated and explain why they made their
decision. Only 61% of participants could tell the difference between AI-generated people and real ones, far below
the 85% threshold (门槛) that researchers expected. “People are not as adept at telling the difference as they think
they are,” said Andrea Pocol, a PhD candidate in Computer Science at the University of Waterloo.
What does the underlined phrase “adept at” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Skillful at. B．Concerned with. C．Puzzled about. D．Curious about.
3.（2025·安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测）
It began in 2014 with a trip to Bali. While soaring on the flying fish at Kuta Beach, I thought, “This is the
best feeling ever! ” Before that last minute trip, I’ve never given much thought to traveling. Until 2011, when I was
called to serve the nation and my precious annual leave were saved for whatever activities were cool. But after Bali,
I’ve jumped out of a plane in Brazil, ran off a cliff in Vietnam, scaled the highest volcano in Indonesia, and
couch-surfed in Australia. I’ve gotten lost, gotten sick. I’ve cried and smiled. And yet I yearn for it more: The
feeling of plunging into the unknown. The freedom that comes with exploration. I’ve caught the travel bug .
What does the underlined phrase “t he travel bug ” in paragraph 2 mean?原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司A．A technical error or problem. B．An insect causing discomfort.
C．A sudden strong interest or passion. D．Relxation that comes from long travels.
4.（海南省三亚市 2024-2025 学年高三上学期期末）
Among these debates, a line of research shows the lasting benefits of handwriting — an “innovation”
before computers. First, handwriting enhances memory. Putting words on paper with a pen or pencil creates muscle
and sensory memories, and the arrangement of words on a page feed into visual memory: people might remember a
word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on certain page, which enhances learning.
What does the underlined words “feed into” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Enhance. B．Conclude. C．Switch. D．Influence.
5.（2025·广东省高三 1 月第一次模拟）
Oprah Winfrey is universally recognized as one of the most potent and influential females globally. The
appellations of a television presenter, a producer, and a philanthropist are among the designations with which she is
commonly associated. She came into this world in the year 1954, in the small town of Kosciusko, Mississippi, and
despite not having been presented with every conceivable advantage on a platter of silver , she managed to surmount
the adversities of her formative years and etch her indelible mark upon the global stage.
What does the underlined words “on a silver platter” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．In vain. B．Without effort.
C．Beyond expectation. D．By accident.
题型三 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子含义题
1.（2025·天津市南开区高三上学期阶段性质量监测（二））
I spent the next two decades keeping my limb difference hidden at all times. I’d keep it in my pocket, cover
it with extra-long sleeves or hide it behind bags or underneath jackets. Everyone I shared this with — friend,
co-worker or boyfriend — took it well and said kind things like, “You shouldn’t hide it” or “It’s no big deal.” But
their words didn’t matter to me .
Interestingly enough, it was a date that convinced me to stop hiding my limb difference. When I was 38
years old, exhausted of hiding and so lonely, I met someone special. The combination of me finally feeling ready to
unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time
in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, take pictures of it, touch it, love it — love me.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司From that point on, I saw my limb difference as something unique and beautiful about me, something that should
be shown, not hidden.
The underlined sentence “But their words didn’t matter to me.” in Paragraph 5 can be understood as ________.
A．The author didn’t care about anything people say around her.
B．Their words did not change the author’s behavior.
C．What they said had nothing to do with the author.
D．What they said did not hurt the author.
2.（2025 届广西壮族自治区柳州市高三上学期二模）
Christopher Söderberg, a consultant for online influencers who lives in Stockholm, bought the smart glasses
in May. He said they helped him kick-start his own influencer career. He can film the videos himself smoothly and
walk up to people in a way that is less disturbing or annoying while still letting them know he’s recording. To
record with the glasses, Meta Ray-Ban users press a button to start a 30-second, 60-second or three-minute video.
Söderberg said, “ It’s a game changer .”
Which is close to the meaning of the underlined sentence “It’s a game changer. ” in paragraph 4?
A．It is innovative. B．It is demanding.
C．It is appealing. D．It is amusing.
3.（2025 年全国高考名校名师联席命制英语信息卷（一））
“ Students learn better when they’re getting their hands dirty ,” said Ofonime Udo-Okon, manager of GVI’s
Youth Leadership Program. “HCC is setting an example as to what integrated learning can look like.” On
Bridgeport’s only urban educational farm, the students, who all either live or attend school in Bridgeport, were
transformed into young food leaders. Through their studies and hands-on instruction, each learned their role in the
food system, and how to make a positive change. “I wanted to be in the program so I can give back to the
community,” said Sariah Cohen, a 15-year-old sophomore at Bridgeport’s Central High School. “I like the practice
that we provide the community with fresh, inexpensive food.”
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply?
A．Students prefer working the land to learning in class.
B．Students need to wash their hands before entering the lab.
C．Active engagement and real-life experience help learning.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司D．Working on a farm teaches students important life skills.
题型四 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词含义题
1.（2025·江苏省泰州中学高三月考）
Teaching is a caregiving profession. We all have that one teacher who inspired us to aim higher, choose a
certain career path, or simply discover our passions. This role comes with not only many satisfactions, but lots of
pressure to hold yourselves to a higher standard. The responsibilities of teachers only increased during the
pandemic, so teachers had to show compassion for students and parents — often without expecting the same
treatment. That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations.
However, where does that leave teachers? Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is
usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed to make my
online classes as enjoyable as possible for my students. Later, it turned out that other teachers were having
problems as well. I had zero reasons to feel so isolated in my experience. What I needed was self-compassion.
According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-compassion is simply compassion directed
inwards.” In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show
students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards
achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Teachers’ dedicating themselves to the cause of teaching.
B．Teachers’ showing great compassion for themselves.
C．Teachers’ suffering from unknown mental pressure.
D．Teachers’ failing to learn something in their careers.
2.（2025·天津市部分区高三期末）
More and more people are realizing that negative self-talk and negative energy can affect you in many ways
and cause you additional stress. Because of this, developing more positive self-talk is an important way to reduce
stress in your life. You can help yourself maintain a positive mind, which will help with positive self-talk by
surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life. You can get that by adding some elements to your life.
What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the first paragraph?
A．Positive self-talk. B．Additional stress.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司C．Positive energy. D．Negative energy.
3.（2025·湖南省永州市高三第二次模拟）
The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could
think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when
participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft
a message, only about a third actually sent the message.
So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old friends can start to feel like
strangers, explains Aknin, psychologist at Simon Fraser University. That psychological distance is what people
report as their main barrier to reconnecting. The type of relationship two friends had before losing touch can also
determine how difficult this distance feels to bridge. A previously close relationship with a lot of trust makes
picking up where you left off more likely and lessens the fear of rejection.
The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the fears of rejection
B．the initiation of reconnection
C．the previously close friendship
D．the development of diverse friendship
4.（2025·山东省济宁市高三期末）
“What’s special about our species?” is a question scientists have wrestled with for centuries. Now an
evolutionary anthropologist Thomas Morgan has a new theory that could change the way we perceive ourselves,
and the world.
“It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed
down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are
challenging that and forcing us to rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Morgan.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The human culture. B．The common belief.
C．The latest discovery. D．The new species.
5.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））
Bick’s solution to the problem of pest detection is sound: Eavesdropping on the unique vibrations (震动) that原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司an insect makes when chewing on a plant to identify the insect itself. The Insect Eavesdropper uses a contact
microphone, an affordable device that musicians often use on instruments. A little disc sits on a solid object —
like corn — and captures the vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an electrical signal. “When
corn rootworm feeds on the roots, the vibration translates from the root system to the stalk,” Bick says. “That’s
where we’re picking it up. We’re using the plant as the musical instrument, as essentially the outside of a guitar.”
What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The corn. B．The signal. C．The system. D．The vibration.
Passage 1
1.（2025·天津市天津市和平区高三期末）Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At
school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school friends saw ink on pages, I
saw light, streets and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key
with which I could unlock a new world. My father didn’t like to see books in the house. There was something about
them that offended him. He used to tell me that I’d better get rid of all my crazy ideas if I didn’t want to end up a
nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress (垫子) and wait for him to fall asleep so that I could read.
Once he caught me reading at night and flew into a rage (愤怒). He tore the book from my hands and flung (扔、掷)
it out of the window.
“If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you’ll be sorry.”
My father was not a miser (吝啬鬼) and, despite the hardship we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a
few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on
sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, and when I’d collected enough coins I’d secretly rush
out to buy myself a book.
My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere & Sons Bookshop on Calle Sant Ana. The
bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart’s content. When it was time
for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet , a weight on my soul . If it had been up to me , I would have stayed
there forever.
One Christmas Sempere gave me that best gift I had ever received. “Great expectations, by Charles Dickens,”原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司I read on the cover. I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment (企业) and,
judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.
“A friend of yours?”, I asked.
“A lifelong friend. And from now on, he’s your friend too.” Sempere answered.
That afternoon I took my new friend home. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great
Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could
be a better one in the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon
I was convinced that I didn’t want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.
An Excerpt from Angle’s Game
1．The passage is mainly about __________.
A．the influence of the author’s father on him B．the difficulties the author met in his childhood
C．the connection between the author and Dickens D．the description of the author’
s love of reading
2．Which of the following best describes the author’s father?
A．He prefers to spend money on food rather than on books.
B．He lacks affection and is not generous towards his child.
C．He lacks understanding of his child’s literary interest.
D．He pays no attention on education and dislikes Dickens.
3．What does the author value most about the Sempere & Sons Bookshop?
A．The opportunity to buy books at a low price.
B．The friendly atmosphere created by the bookseller.
C．The freedom to read to his fullest desire.
D．The wide range of books available to choose from.
4．The underlined part in paragraph 4 shows the author’s __________ when he left the bookshop.
A．reluctance B．annoyance C．indifference D．regret
5．What does the author imply about the importance of reading in his life?
A．It serves as a means of resistance against his father’s wishes.
B．It is a temporary distraction from his everyday hardships.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司C．It provides him with a sense of belonging and friendship.
D．It highlights his friendship between Sempere and Mr. Dickens.
2.（2025·北京市东城区高三期末）
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations
about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were
programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what
could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes
“the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s
unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety
and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a
handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and
cultural biases (偏 见 ). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for
humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is
the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of
their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically
butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently,
at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and
flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient
alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals
and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might
not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what
humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and
want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in
which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that
will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful
ways.
1．The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A．question a solution B．clarify a belief
C．illustrate an example D．explain a practice
2．Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”?
A．AI extends the same rights to living beings. B．AI promotes the interaction among species.
C．AI benefits from the development of humans. D．AI meets the demands of
perceptive creatures.
3．What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A．Ambitious. B．Generous. C．Resourceful. D．Competitive.
4．The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A．AI poses a threat to the world B．society’s morals are in decline
C．humans prioritize their own needs D．sentient beings deepen cultural biases
1.[2023·全国甲卷]
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.
She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring
throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two
fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
( )24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
2.【2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I
had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
3.C【2022·新高考 I 卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
4.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’
t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced
sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they
could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
5.2022 年 1 月浙江卷之 A 篇
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day,
while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in
Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to
decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet
with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed
a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30， 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes,
she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When
I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I
mush help animals. ”
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
6.2021 年全国甲卷之 C 篇
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the
beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He
seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,”
I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
7.2021 年 6 月浙江卷
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen —
any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half
hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
8.2020 年山东卷之 C 篇原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that . Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of
lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange
land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful
English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
9.2021 年新高考 I 卷之 C 篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck
Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des
Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that
ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion
dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck
Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
10.2021 年全国乙卷之 B 篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede
that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a
further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
11.2021 年 1 月浙江卷之 C 篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑 猩 猩 ) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
12.2020 年新课标Ⅰ卷之 B 篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’
s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight:
Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
C Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司D. He teaches reading.
13.2020 年新课标Ⅱ卷之 C 篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they
can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New
York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for
her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is
eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
14.2020 年山东卷之 D 篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
15.2020 年 6 月浙江卷之 B 篇
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学科科网网(（（北北北京京京)股））份股股有份份限有有公限限司公公司司
