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►第 17 讲 词义猜测题
（讲义）
【复习目标】
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法
熟练代词的含义
【考情分析】
近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表
年份 卷别 题号 词义猜测解题
2023 新高考I卷 29 1
2023 新高考II卷 30 1
2022 新高考I卷 30 1
2022 新高考II卷 24、30 2
2021 新高考I卷 29 1
2021 新高考II卷 25 1【网络构建】
词义猜测题概述
命题规律：
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语
或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题
中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
命题方式：
The phrase“...” in the sentence could be replaced by“ ”.
The word “...”in the paragraph refer to“ ”.
What is the meaning of the underlined word in the.. paragraph?
Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?The word“...” most nearly means“ ”.
The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .
解题技巧 ：
1.定位文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征 ：
正确选项特征
1. 将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺。
2. 含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。
干扰项特征
1. 与划线部分词形相似
2. 考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确
3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选
项。
知识点 一 猜测划线单词或短语的含义
1. 根据定义推测词义：
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in
other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。
2. 根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词 such
as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。
3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary,
in contrast to等。
4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的
词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
5. 根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有
助于猜测词义。
6. 根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus,consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason,
accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的
含义。
【真题典例】
（2023年新高考I卷C篇）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【答案】A
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities
for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online
activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离
可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选
的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
知识点 二 猜测代词指代含义
定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。
找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。
再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。
一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事；
it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。
【真题典例】
（2020年新高考I卷C篇）
In the mid1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost
Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,
where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American
travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24yearold who
picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid
workers.29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【答案】D
【解析】指代判断题。上文提到了Bissell(比塞尔)写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，然后画线词所在句提到
他的访问最终涉及的事远不止这个，因而才有了 Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in
Central Asia这本书。由此可知，画线词that指的是“写有关咸海的文章”。故选D。
知识点 三 猜测划线句子含义
一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷
二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意
三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
【真题典例】
(2021年全国甲卷C篇)
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe ！ ” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well done!
C．No way! D．Don't worry!
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才
是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家。)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因
此他的朋友大声欢呼。由此可推知，画线词指“落地技巧完美，干得漂亮”。故选B。
考向一 猜测划线单词或短语的意思
1.（2023届长郡中学 杭州二中 郑州外国语学校联考）Cost is another issue that may discourage people
switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes,and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on,
overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.
What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 3?
A．compensation B．allowance C．encouragement D．Privilege
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for
road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars
which might be stuck in jams.”可知，有些国家通过降低进口税来降低价格，不收取道路税和停车费。有些还
为电动汽车提供专用车道，以超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车，这些都是鼓励人们购买的措施。故画线词意
思是“鼓励”。故选C。
考向二 猜测代词指代的含义
（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age
nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the
“exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking
migratory animals’ movements.
What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age
nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.(科里海鸥的寿命很长，
很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式提供了机会)”和“Researchers call
this the “exploration-refinement”(研究人员称之为“探索-精炼”)”可知，此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探
索-精炼”，第三段中划线的this指代的是科里海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C项。
考向三 猜测划线句子的含义
（2023年湖北武汉校考阶段练习）
When I was young, a friend and I came up with a “big” plan to make reading easy. The idea was to boil down
great books to a sentence each. “Moby-Dick” by American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to:
“A whale of a tale about the one that got away.” As it turned out, the joke was on us. How could a single sentence
convey the essence (精髓) of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages?
What does the underlined part “the joke was on us” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．We were actually joking. B．We were laughed at by others.
C．We were underestimating’ ourselves. D．We were just embarrassing ourselves.
【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据“The idea was to boil down great books to a sentence each. “Moby-Dick” by
American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to: “A whale of a tale about the one that got away.”(这
个想法是将伟大的书籍简化为一个句子。例如，美国作家Herman Melville的《白鲸》就被简化为:“一个关
于逃走的那个人的故事。”)”和划线句子下文“How could a single sentence convey the essence (精髓)of a
masterpiece with over five hundred pages?(一句话怎么能表达出一部五百多页的杰作的精髓呢？)”可知，作者
和朋友想把一些伟大的书籍简化为一个句子，但是当他们把《白鲸》简化为：“一个关于逃走的那个人的
故事。”时，他们发现用一句话是根本无法表达出一部五百多页杰作的精髓，他们简直是在自取其辱。故
选D。
1.（2023年全国甲卷B篇）
Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
4．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together
furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别
人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人
员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
2.(2019年浙江高考B篇)
Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last
month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take
What You Need.”
24．What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
【答案】C
【解析】句意猜测题。根据本段中的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.(尽你所能，取你所需。)”
可知，此处“Money with no strings attached”的意思是“无条件地提供钱”。故选C。
3. （2023年新高II卷C篇）
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the bookas a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds
of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these
connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,
with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文
化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及
“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年
前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短
语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
