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第 17 讲 词义猜测题
（模拟精练+真题演练）
根据文章选择正确的选项
1.（2023年浙江绍兴高三统考）As the pandemic began to take its toll on New York in March 2020, Invisible
Hands Deliver witnessed a massive outpouring of support from like-minded individuals in the community. Besides
volunteering to deliver groceries for free, New Yorkers also reached out to translate the Invisible Hands flyers into
over a dozen languages, enabling the organisation to reach out to more members of the community.
What does the underlined phrase “take its toll” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cause great damage. B．Reduce the impact.
C．Fill a huge gap. D．Recover slowly.
2.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We
have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the
station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely
develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Disable. B．Inspire. C．Disappoint. D．Outpace.
3.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The National Merit Scholarship is one awarded to those who do well on the
Preliminary SAT or the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation
will grant around 7,600 students the scholarship after an intense filtering of about 1.6 million entries.
What does the underlined word “filtering” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Selecting. B．Cooperating. C．Fighting. D．Matching.
4. （2023年湖北襄阳四中模拟测试）
It may seem very different, but babies are certainly not lying around randomly. “Babies don’t explore the
world by chance, with their eyes falling on it. Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First,
they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more
efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply
reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select.” says Dr Francesco Poli.
That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is not?
5. （2023年湖北黄冈中学校考二模）
Just 17 months earlier, this trip had seemed impossible. In May 2017, Mavani was diagnosed with type I
diabetes (糖尿病). She says, “I felt so low, thinking, ‘What am I going to do now in life, stuck with this?’”
The news put in jeopardy all Mavani’s hopes of travelling. She retired the year before and her son eventuallyflew the nest. “I felt free. It was my chance. I thought, ‘Hooray, I can enjoy life.’” But her diagnosis made Mavani
scared to leave the house. Her elder sister came to help, but Mavani “couldn’t walk to the local park” without
feeling unwell. Very slowly, Mavani built herself up from walking around the block to taking gentle gym classes. It
was there that she met Hazel, who invited her to a talk about climbing Kilimanjaro.
What does the underlined part “put in jeopardy” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Revealed. B．Inspired. C．Announced. D．Threatened.
6.（2023年江苏南京金陵中模拟预测）
As parents, we always hope to develop character traits in our children that will enhance their success in life.
When our daughter Meegan, the eldest of five children, lost her front tooth at the age of six, we found the following
note wrapped around the tiny tooth.
Der Tooth Fairy，
Pleze leve me yor majik wand(杖). I want to be a tooth fairy, too.
Luv Meegan
Recognizing potential leadership skills, precious opportunity and the teachable moment, the “Tooth Fairy” left
the following note for little Meegan:
What does the underlined phrase “the teachable moment” refer to?
A．Meegan lost a tooth. B．Meegan wrapped a tooth.
C．Meegan wrote a note. D．Meegan received a note.
7.（2023年江苏南京金陵中学模拟预测）
Meanwhile, it appears that schools are trying hard to figure out how to counteract the use of ChatGPT. Many
schools have banned ChatGPT on school devices and networks, and educators are adjusting their teaching styles.
Some are turning to more in-class essays, while others are looking at how they can incorporate the technology into
the classroom.
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “counteract” in paragraph 5?
A．reduce B．increase C．support D．delay
8. （2023年江苏南通海安高级中学统考）
“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael
Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK, told The Guardian. This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know
the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.
What does the underlined word “falsities” mean in the last but one paragraph?
A．False information. B．Something new.
C．Various resources. D．Timely responses.
9.（2023 年福建福州高中模拟预测）The researchers found that participants who watched videos with the
human-like robot were more likely to rate the robot’s actions as intentional, rather than programmed, while those
who only interacted with the machine-like robot were not. This shows that mere exposure to a human-like robot is
not enough to make people believe it is capable of thoughts and emotions. It is human-like behavior that might be
crucial for being deemed as an intentional agent.
What does the underlined word ”deemed“ in paragraph4 probably mean?A．Believed. B．Persuaded. C．Performed. D．Advocated.
10.（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
A few years ago, when I was caring for my seriously ill father, I lost my voice. At first, I just sounded hoarse
when I was having difficult conversations about Dad’s condition. But before long, I couldn’t even say “Yes please”
to a cup of tea without sounding like an unusually breathless Minnie Mouse. After consulting an ear, nose and
throat specialist, I was told that I had lost my voice due to stress.
What does the underlined word “hoarse” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Unable to speak.
B．Unable to express oneself.
C．(Sounding) sweet and smooth.
D．(Sounding) rough and unpleasant.
11.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）A few weeks earlier, the families here had learned the district was planning to
diminish the Filipino language program at Longfellow Elementary School by combining its kindergarten and first-
grade classes, decreasing the number of spots available by roughly half. Located in San Francisco’s Excelsior
neighborhood, the school hosts a large Filipino student body. Its full-day language program is one of just a handful
of programs throughout the country offering an elementary school-level ethnic studies curriculum.
What does the underlined word “diminish” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Continue. B．Launch. C．End. D．Reduce.
12.（2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟预测）
For an atmosphere with Earth’s atmospheric pressure, CO levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in
2
humans, and once we reach levels of 10 per cent CO , we will suffocate even if there is abundant oxygen. The
2
proposed absolute best-case scenario (设 想)for changing Mars leaves us with an atmosphere we are incapable of
breathing.
What does the underlined word “suffocate” mean in Paragraph4?
A．Choke.
B．Faint.
C．Hurt.
D．Explode..
13.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）
Dogs can be trained to roll over and play dead. But their ancient instincts from their wolf ancestors are still
there. Instincts, or instinctive behaviors, are behaviors that are done without thinking. They don’t have to be
learned. For example, some dogs will scratch the ground after pooping(排便). But they’re not trying to bury their
poop. They want other animals to notice it. “They are depositing smell in those areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almost
like drawing a picture with a big red marker around it,” he added.
Which can best replace the word “depositing” in Paragraph 3?
A．leaving B．hiding C．removing D．detecting14.（2023广东深圳·外国语学校阶段练习）
More than 100 countries worldwide sell Happy Meals at McDonald’s locations. The burger chain began
selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread concern about children’s meals at fast-food restaurants, the
company revamped its options to selections that were lower in calories, sodium, saturated fat and sugar.
What does the underlined word “revamped” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Challenged. B．Offered. C．Adjusted. D．Distributed.
15.（2023广东深圳外国语学校模拟测试）
This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity(生物多样性) goals for
the next decade. Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet the
researchers say this alone does not necessarily guarantee positive outcomes for species.
What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Doing something positive. B．Organizing the meeting.
C．Talking about biodiversity. D．Expanding protected areas.
用适当的单词填空
1. （2023年全国乙卷D篇）
The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom
appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:
a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-
literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we
are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
2. （2022年新课标I卷C篇）
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
3. （2022年新课标II卷C篇）
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
4. （2022年全国甲卷C篇）
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
5. (2022年全国乙卷)
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
6. （2022年浙江卷6月）
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues
who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.
28．The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A．is good at handling pressure B．works hard to become successful
C．a has a natural talent for his job. D．gets on well with his co-workers
7. （2021年全国乙卷）
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
8.（2021年新高考I卷）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with anastonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
8. （2021年新高考II卷）
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the
morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
9. （2021年浙江卷1月）
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ”
9．What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
10.（2021年浙江卷6月）
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
