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►第 17 讲 词义猜测题
（讲义）
【复习目标】
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法
熟练代词的含义
【考情分析】
近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表
年份 卷别 题号 词义猜测解题
2023 新高考I卷 29 1
2023 新高考II卷 30 1
2022 新高考I卷 30 1
2022 新高考II卷 24、30 2
2021 新高考I卷 29 1
2021 新高考II卷 25 1【网络构建】
词义猜测题概述
命题规律：
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语
或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题
中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
命题方式：
The phrase“...” in the sentence could be replaced by“ ”.
The word “...”in the paragraph refer to“ ”.
What is the meaning of the underlined word in the.. paragraph?
Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?The word“...” most nearly means“ ”.
The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .
解题技巧 ：
1.定位文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征 ：
正确选项特征
1. 将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺。
2. 含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。
干扰项特征
1. 与划线部分词形相似
2. 考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确
3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选
项。
知识点 一 猜测划线单词或短语的含义
1. 根据定义推测词义
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in
other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。
2. 根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词 such
as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。
3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary,
in contrast to等。
4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的
词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
5. 根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有
助于猜测词义。
6. 根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus,consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason,
accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的
含义。
【真题典例】
（2023年新高考I卷C篇）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
知识点 二 猜测代词指代含义
定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。
找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。
再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。
一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事；
it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。
【真题典例】
（2020年新高考I卷C篇）
In the mid1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost
Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,
where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American
travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24yearold who
picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid
workers.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.知识点 三 猜测划线句子含义
一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷
二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意
三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
【真题典例】
(2021年全国甲卷C篇)
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe ！ ” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well done!
C．No way! D．Don't worry!
考向一 猜测划线单词或短语的意思
1.（2023届长郡中学 杭州二中 郑州外国语学校 三校联考试）Cost is another issue that may discourage
people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import
taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on,
overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.
What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 3?
A．compensation B．allowance C．encouragement D．Privilege
考向二 猜测代词指代的含义
（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age
nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the
“exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking
migratory animals’ movements.
What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.考向三 猜测划线句子的含义
（2023年湖北武汉校考阶段练习）
When I was young, a friend and I came up with a “big” plan to make reading easy. The idea was to boil down
great books to a sentence each. “Moby-Dick” by American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to:
“A whale of a tale about the one that got away.” As it turned out, the joke was on us. How could a single sentence
convey the essence (精髓) of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages?
What does the underlined part “the joke was on us” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．We were actually joking. B．We were laughed at by others.
C．We were underestimating’ ourselves. D．We were just embarrassing ourselves.
1.（2023年全国甲卷B篇）
Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
4．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
2.(2019年浙江高考B篇)
Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last
month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take
What You Need.”
24．What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
3. （2023年新高II卷C篇）
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds
of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
