文档内容
考点 15 阅读理解
阅读理解之猜测词义（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
词义猜测之猜测词义
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ 29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in 猜测单词的意
卷]C Paragraph 3 mean? 思
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in 猜测短语的意
卷]C Paragraph 2 mean? 思
【2023年1月·浙江 24．What do the underlined words “jump on that 猜测短语的意
卷】B bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? 思
【2023年1月·浙江 29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in 猜测单词的意
卷】C paragraph 2 refer to? 思
[2023·全国甲卷]B 24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in 猜测短语的意
Paragraph 1?
思
[2023·全国乙卷]D 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” 猜测单词的意
in Paragraph 3 refer to?
思
2022 2022·新高考I卷 What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in 猜测单词的意
paragraph 7? 思
2022·全国高考乙卷 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in 猜测单词的意
paragraph 3 refer to? 思
2022 年新高考全国 24．What do the underlined words “hit home 猜测短语的意
Ⅱ卷 for me” mean in paragraph 2? 思
2022·全国甲卷 28. Which of the following best explains “take the 猜测短语的意
plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? 思
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! 猜测单词的意
Safe!” probably mean? 思
2021 年新高考 I 卷 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” 猜测单词的意
之C篇 mean in the first paragraph? 思
2021 年全国乙卷之 25. What does the underlined word “concede” 猜测单词的意
B篇 in paragraph 3 mean? 思
2021年新高考II卷 25. What do the underlined words “get up to 猜测短语的意
之B篇 mischief” mean in paragraph 3? 思
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中猜测词义的考点考查了14次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章部分内容来猜测词义。猜测词义的考查类型：1.单个单词的意思；2.考查短语的意思；3.考查句子的
意思；4.考查代词的意思；5.考查熟词生意；6.考查生词生意。
【备考策略】系统归类猜测词义的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的猜测词义，考查考生推测词义的能力、培养学生整体把握文章内容，不拘泥于细节，对于
生词可以通过上下文理解其含义。因此，猜测词义还将在2024年高考中出现。
【2024年高考命题预测】
词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有猜测单词的意思题以考查
学生的猜测词义能力。预测在2024高考中，猜测单词的意思会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7?
2． What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
3． The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________?
4．What do the underlined words “......” probably mean?
规律方法 如何解决猜测词义题？
此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转
化法和合成法，现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已
知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
1. [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and
why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,
starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before
moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This
process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then
add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things
you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on
an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’
stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of
cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a
collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a
toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
( )29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Clear-up.
B.Add-on.
C.Check-in.
D.Take-over.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
29.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities
for thirty days.”可知,这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“第一部分通过
介绍我建议的采用这一哲学的方法:数字清理进行了总结”,因此画线词的含义为“清理”。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in
San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former
national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and
prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles
will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical
engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows
what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least
intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of
rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a
computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for
humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a
string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the
symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social
memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why,
however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with
artificial intelligence.
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
【答案】 29．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its
library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would
make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在
一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
3.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do
it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has
not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies
recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in
many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first
conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have
scientific reports and the captains record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)
dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that
day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things
to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom
appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history
told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies
such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half
of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.
( )34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Problem.
B.History.
C.Voice.
D.Society.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,
文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
34.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前“…all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.”可
知,我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的,只是单方面的,不是历史的全部真相;根据画线词所在句“If we are to find
the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.”可知,如果我们想找到那个
“conversation”的另一半,我们不仅需要读文本,还需要读物品。由此可推知,画线词指的是“历史”,故选B项。
1.【江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】
Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”.It is usually used to describe a peaceful period
just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become
static and the winds would drop.
But why is it often so calm before a storm?
Science has given us the answer. According to US infotainment (资讯娱乐) website How Stuff Works, a calm period
occurs because many storms, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air from the surrounding
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls
back down to ground level. As the air descends, it becomes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, so once it covers an area,
it causes a calm period before the storm.
This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs
in the center of the storm because of the strong rotating winds.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.First, count how many seconds there are
between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count
nine seconds, the storm is about 3 kilometers away. A good evaluation is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should
seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms are preceded by calm. Given the right conditions, some
storms announce themselves with heavy rain and chilling winds.
So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your
area. That’s the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of nature’s temper.
28．The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A．violent B．quiet C．fast-changing D．warm
【答案】28．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章对“暴风雨前的宁静”这一情况做出了科学的解释，说明了一种计算暴风雨距
离的窍门，并且提到实时更新天气预报才是预测天气最可靠的方法。
28．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation
or a tense argument.(它通常用来描述在一个非常紧张的情况或争论之前的一段平静的时期)”，以及划线词后的“the
winds would drop. But why is it often so calm before a storm?(风力会减弱。但是为什么暴风雨前总是那么平静呢?)”可
知，在某些暴风雨来临之前，海水是静止的。由此可知划线词意为“静止的”，故选B。
2.【河北省邯郸市十校联考】
Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of
metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on
the fast and reliable supply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets.
Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy,
low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器). could be of
great benefit to all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future.
“All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be
charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions (离子), found in ionic liquids,” Ciampi said.
There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which
would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed
in a basic lab, which can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquid—a
simple capacitor—as well as the stability of the device when charged.
“The simplicity this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method,
researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’ (渗漏) and begin to
diminish for at least four days,” Mr Belotti said.
The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state
and larger energy density.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】14．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Charge. B．Develop.
C．Expand. D．Decrease.
【答案】14．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。科廷大学(Curtin University)的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化
学物质和金属类型最适合用于储存和供应能源。
14．词义猜测题。根据前文“researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did
not ‘leak’ (研究人员发现，给手机充电60秒就能充满电，而且不会漏电)”和下文“for at least four days”可知，充满
电以后电量至少持续四天才开始“减少”。故选D项。
【词义猜测之猜测短语的意思考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1.What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2?
2．Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2?
3．What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3?
4．What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph?
规律方法2：如何解决猜测短语题?
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出
现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three
hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long
before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of
shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between
different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for
relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,
deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the
subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for
artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From
a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-
reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed,
perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information
we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】( )30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Understand.
B.Paint.
C.Seize.
D.Transform.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书
场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。
30.A 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
moments…”可知,这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些我们都能“relate to”的时刻。再根据第二段中
的“We see scenes of children learning to …”可推知,这些场景我们都很熟悉,因此也能理解,故画线部分“relate to”意
为“理解”。故选A项。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and
I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along
the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change
in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came
back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own
bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start
personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the
cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on
what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your
words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
【答案】24．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
24．词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及
第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your
best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东
西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
