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考点 25 阅读理解之细节理解题（核心考点精讲精
练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点分布
试卷 篇 词
年份 体裁 话题
类型 序 数 细节 推理 主旨 词义
理解 判断 大意 猜测
人与社会：栖息地修复工作队
A 应用文 199 3 0 0 0
志愿者招募
新 高 夹叙来 人与社会：美国兽医采用针灸
B 296 0 3 1 0
考 全 议文 技术治疗动物
国 I 人与社会：纸质阅读与数字阅
C 说明文 339 1 2 0 1
卷 读在学习效果上的差异
人与自然：现代生物采样数据
D 说明文 358 1 3 0 0
的科学性
( 应 用
A 290 人与自然：四种徒步活动 3 0 0 0
文
新 高 人与社会：：旧金山湾区快速
B 说明文 276 2 2 0 0
考 全 交通引入短篇故事自助服务亭
国 II
C 说明文 268 人与社会：巴比伦微农场 2 1 1 0
卷
人与社会：图书《人工智能设
D 说明文 321 0 3 0 1
计:与人工智能共生的计划》
2024
人与社会：哈佛社区的 ARTS
A 应用文 226 2 1 0 0
FIRST艺术节
全 国
B 说明文 302 人与自然：了解猫的行为 1 1 1 1
甲卷
人与社会：提供医疗服务的圣
C 说明文 267 1 3 0 0
卢卡斯列车
人与社会：谈论文学作品的最
D 说明文 348 1 3 0 0
佳结局
A 应用文 240 人与自我：语言交流项目 3 0 0 0
人与自我：作者重拾画油画的
B 记叙文 354 1 3 0 0
信心并接受了自身局限性
北 京
卷 人与社会：讨论科学问题：
C 议论文 408 宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生 0 3 0 1
成的
D 说明文 384 人与社会：人类道德准则的 1 1 1 0形成过程及人类建立道德准
则的标准
人与社会：音乐剧《汤姆·索
A 应用文 233 3 0 0 0
亚:河流历险记》
浙 江 B 记叙文 338 人与社会：感受电话亭变迁 1 3 0 0
1 月
人与自然：加拿大Alberta防雹
卷 C 议论文 313 3 1 0 0
千预计划之争
人与自我：儿童棉花糖实验引
D 说明文 339 1 1 1 0
发思考
A 应用文 209 人与社会：自行车租赁广告 3 0 0 0
人与自然：微生物处理净化废
新 高 B 记叙文 340 1 3 0 0
水
考 全
国 I 人与社会：数字时代如何做到
C 说明文 322 1 2 0 1
卷 极简生活
人与社会：“群体智慧”效应
D 说明文 339 1 2 1 0
的基本原理
人与自然：今年息季在黄石国
A 应用文 256 家公园举办的一系列护林员项 3 0 0 0
目
新 高 人与社会：Urban Sprouts学校
B 记叙文 273 2 1 1 0
考 全
园艺项目
国 II
卷
人与社会：图书《阅读艺术:图
C 说明文 321 1 2 0 1
书爱好者的艺术》
人与自然：城市中自然场所的
D 说明文 320 3 1 0 0
存在对居民的健康至关重要
人与社会：开启曼谷美食之旅
A 应用文 263 3 0 0 0
2023 的建议
人 与 社 会 ： DIY 能 手 Terri
B 记叙文 277 1 2 0 1
全 国
Bolton的故事
甲卷
人与社会：一本有关哲学的书
C 说明文 333 1 3 0 0
唤起作者对哲学的热爱
人与自然：美国灰熊的生存环
D 说明文 319 2 2 0 0
境和生存状况
人与社会：四位从事医学实践
A 应用文 229 3 0 0 0
的女性的生平和经历
人与自我：一名专业的风景摄
B 记叙文 311 1 3 0 0
影师的生活和拍照经历
全 国
乙卷 人与社会：电视烹饪节目对英
C 说明文 295 2 2 0 0
国人烹饪习惯和观念的影响
人与社会：要客观公平地讲述
D 议论文 343 历史不仅需要文字资料，也需 0 2 1 1
要实物史料加以佐证
北 京 人与社会：国际奥林匹克委员
A 应用文 237 3 0 0 0
卷 会青年领袖计划人与自我：被拒绝也不是坏
B 记叙文 386 事，这意味着你能重新确定自 1 3 0 0
己的方向。
人与社会：人类社会发展中人
C 说明文 366 0 3 0 0
们的短视现象
人与社会：AI 对现代生活的
D 说明文 429 0 2 1 1
影响
人与社会：儿童露营的内客与
A 应用文 220 3 0 0 0
安排
夹叙夹
B 346 人与社会：零废弃的生活方式 0 2 1 1
浙 江 议
1 月
人与社会：软件程序“Project
卷 C 说明文 314 0 3 0 1
Debater”以及它明显的缺陷
人与自然：旧式太阳能农场的
D 说明文 318 2 2 0 0
弊端:破坏土壤
A 应用文 235 人与社会：课程评分办法 3 0 0 0
夹叙夹 人与自然：日常生活食物浪费
新 高 B 347 3 1 0 0
议文 现象
考 全
国 I 人与社会：关爱养老院老人的
C 说明文 298 1 2 0 1
卷 养鸡项目
人与自我：人类语言发展的研
D 说明文 341 2 1 1 0
究
A 应用文 235 人与社会：儿童博物馆团体游 2 1 0 0
新 高 人与社会：媒体记者对新媒体
B 记叙文 324 2 1 0 1
考 全 时代的感悟
国 II
C 说明文 289 人与社会：禁止开车使用手机 1 1 1 1
卷
人与自我：有氧运动延缓甚至
D 说明文 356 2 2 0 0
逆转心脏衰老
2022 人与社会：英国卡迪夫市艺术
A 应用文 287 3 0 0 0
剧院
人与自然：鹦鹉识别物体形状
全 国 B 说明文 255 2 1 1 0
的实验
甲卷
C 记叙文 305 人与社会：难忘的南极之旅 1 1 1 1
D 说明文 340 人与社会：悉尼新旧文化冲突 2 1 1 0
人与社会：苏格兰画家画展信
A 应用文 194 3 0 0 0
息
人 与 社 会 ： 介 绍 Dorothy
B 说明文 319 2 2 0 0
全 国
Wickenden的书籍
乙卷
人与社会：无人机在铁路交通
C 说明文 314 0 2 1 1
中的应用
人与社会：英国征收糖税的起
D 说明文 325 3 1 0 0
因及效果
北 京 A 应用文 281 同伴辅助学习课程(PASS) 3 0 0 0参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦
B 记叙文 348 3 1 0 0
虑
卷
解决全球挑战的重要方法——
C 说明文 415 1 2 0 0
系统思维
量子计算真的会像它的宣传那
D 议论文 400 1 1 1 1
样成功吗？
Merebeth--自营宠物运输专
A 记叙文 353 0 2 0 1
家。
浙 江 文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽
B 说明文 283 0 3 0 0
1 月 时代和电力时代的联系。
卷
经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时
C 说明文 342 罹患失智症的几率会大大降 3 1 0 0
低。
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
根据表格分析可知，近三年来阅读理解考查细节理解题共104次，所占比重较大，占比大约60%左右。细
节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确
理解细节的能力。一般包括：
1．直接信息题。
2．间接信息题。
3．数字计算题。
4．排列顺序题。
【备考策略】
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己
快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．
先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及
查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫
读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。3.【命题预测】
预测2025年高考英语阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，细节理解题仍然会以直接信息题、间接信息题和
数字计算题为主。
【必备基础知识】
一、【命题解读】
1.文章题材丰富
英语试卷中所有语篇都围绕“人与自我”“人与社会"以及“人与自然"三大主题语境，题材涉及故事、科
普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等。
2.短文体裁广泛
短文体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文和新闻报道等。
3. 题型分布不均近3年全国卷高考阅读理解以突出考查考生理解和运用语言解决问题的基本能力。以考查
细节理解推理判断为主，以考查词句猜测、主旨大意为辅。
4.语篇特点鲜明
(1)原汁原味:高考语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，新材料尽量原汁原味。
(2)词汇量大;高考语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。
(3)长难句多:高考语篇含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ .
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
二、【解题策略】
1. 若针对举例子,名人名言出题,只需要例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。
2. 在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，
递进，因果等关系。
3. 细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项。
4. 选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如:must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any,no,
completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。
5. 注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如:must, may often, should, usually, might,
most, more or less, likely, all, never, few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。
6. 细节题干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符，一半不同; 叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及。
01 直接信息题--定位比对找答案
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有:广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演
出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who,when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。解此类
试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下:
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore
beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. HabitatRestoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species
across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List
of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the
parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a
raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
23. What are the volunteers expected to do?
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin
Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal,winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive
resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳
斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。
栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可
知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，
参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，
即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。
（2024·河南南阳·模拟预测）The Music Educator Award, presented by the Recording Academy and
Grammy Museum, recognizes those who have made a significant contribution to music education. This year it went
to Annie Ray, a teacher at Annandale High School in Fairfax County, Virginia. She was honored for her efforts to
make music accessible to all students, particularly those with disabilities.
Ray attended the awards ceremony in Los Angeles, took photos with pop stars and brought home a $10,000
prize and matching grant (补助金) for her school’s music program. But she considers the award to be her students.
Ray loved music and was regarded as a music talent at an early age. She was inspired by the diversity of the
Annandale community, which she says represents over 60 countries. There are a lot of cultures that might typically
clash (冲突), but they come together in this very beautiful harmony. So she created the Crescendo Orchestra (管弦
乐队) for students with disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregivers a year to play
the same instrument as their child.
The orchestra is about much more than just making music, however. It gives students a chance to develop
their cooperation skills and learn the art of improving something. “I really push my students to be bold, go out of
their comfort zones, challenge themselves and become confident,” Ray said. “Meanwhile, they completely changed
my educational approaches. I learn to teach them according to their own abilities and pace.”
At the Grammys, what impressed her was that many famous performers agreed that a good music educator
can change one’s life, which made her feel what she did was rewarding.But she faces some challenges. One is that not many people understand how much music educators’ work
matters. Another challenge is resources. Her school desperately needs new instruments but lacks enough money.
“It is a hard profession, but I never give up. There’s nothing else like it,” Ray said.
4．What motivated Ray to create the Crescendo Orchestra?
A．The cultural diversity. B．Her talent for music.
C．Her disabled students’ desire. D．The Annandale community’s advice.
5．What effect does Ray have on her students?
A．They made greater musical achievements.
B．They took comfort from life’s improvements.
C．They became more cooperative and confident.
D．They developed effective learning approaches.
6．What challenge is Ray facing now?
A．Shortage of funds. B．Hardship of being a teacher.
C．Lack of reward for work. D．Disapproval from music educators.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了荣获今年音乐教育家奖的高中教师Annie Ray在音乐教育上
的贡献以及她给学生带来的影响。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She was inspired by the diversity of the Annandale community, which she
says represents over 60 countries. There are a lot of cultures that might typically clash (冲突), but they come
together in this very beautiful harmony. So she created the Crescendo Orchestra (管弦乐队) for students with
disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregivers a year to play the same instrument as
their child.(Annandale社区的多样性给了她灵感，她说该社区代表了60多个国家。有很多文化通常可能会
发生冲突，但它们在这种非常美丽的和谐中走到了一起。因此，她为残疾学生创建了Crescendo管弦乐队，
以及一个每年教近200名看护人与孩子演奏同一乐器的家长管弦乐队)”可知，Ray所在的社区融合了60多
个国家的文化。通常不同的文化之间可能会发生冲突，但是它们融合在一起，就形成了美妙和谐的氛围。
受此启发，Ray创建了Crescendo管弦乐队。由此可知，是文化多样性促使Ray创建了Crescendo管弦乐队。
故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It gives students a chance to develop their cooperation skills and learn the art
of improving something.(它让学生有机会发展他们的合作技能，学习改进某些东西的艺术)”以及““I really
push my students to be bold, go out of their comfort zones, challenge themselves and become confident,” Ray said.(雷说：“我真的鼓励我的学生大胆一点，走出他们的舒适区，挑战自己，变得自信。”)”可知，Ray给学
生带来的影响是使他们变得更愿意合作、更自信。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Another challenge is resources. Her school desperately needs new
instruments but lacks enough money.(另一个挑战是资源。她的学校急需新乐器，但资金不足)”可知，Ray的
学校缺乏足够的资金来为学生购买乐器。故选A。
02 间接信息题--同义转换定答案
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会’和“人与白然”三大
主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下:
高频同义转换（名词类）
achievement=recognition novel=fiction
approach=way=method=means origin=pioneer
career=occupation option=choice=selection
circumstance=environment=atmosphere personality=character
creation=innovation rule=regulation=principle
comment=remark=review(make a comment Realize=come true
on)data=statistics stress=pressure
colleague=coworker
direction=discipline=guideline
essay=passage=article=text
experiment=trial
gratitude=appreciation
feature=characteristics
luggage=baggage=package
manners=etiquette
material=resource高频同义转换（动词类）
book=reserve=order
complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve
conduct=carry out
delay=put off=postpone
declare=announce=inform
divide=separate=part with
document=record
encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur
guarantee=ensure
improve=promote
ignore=turn one’s back to
please=amuse=entertain
preserve=protect
ruin=destroy=damage=violate
give=supply=provide=offer
overuse=abuse
reject=refuse=turn down=decline
receive=accept
see=observe=notice=spot
search=explore
connect=link=relate=associate
explode=blow out
discourage=frustrate
rent=hire
prove=turn out
remove=get rid of
admire=appreciate
possess=own
decide=determine=resolve to do
get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicious=tasty
attentive=focused
original=initial
final=eventual
obvious=evident=Striking
accurate=exact
outstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctive
authentic=true=genuine
thrilling=frightening
thrilled=excited
average=ordinary=common=universal
time-honored=has a long history
dull=boring
daring=brave
extra=additional
glad=pleased=delighted
touched=moved
significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary
accessible=available=at hand
appropriate=proper=suitableappealing=attractive
immediately=quickly=at once=in rarely=hardly=seldom
approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically
complex=complicated
safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead of time=in advance=previous
places of interest=tourist attraction
result in=lead to=contribute to
be accustomed to=be used to doing
meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need
prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from
join in=take part in=participate in
=involve in=be engaged in
get ready for=be prepared for
focus on =concentrate on
transform A into B=turn A into B
in the long term=in the long run
in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point
hold on to=insist
take action=take measures=take steps to
keep in touch with=contact
in some respect=to some degree=at some point
deal with=cope with=handle with=address
at the same time=meanwhile
on the spot=on the scene
be proud of=take pride in
as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth
head into=leave for
arrive at=reach=get to=approach
in spite of=despite
from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
try doing=attempt to
be filled with=be charged with=be full of
prefer to do A rather than do B
prefer A to B
prefer doing A to doing B
run into=come across
take the place of=replace
come into effect=put...into practice/use
from time to time=once in a while
be caught in=be trapped in
consist of =be made up of
for a moment=for a while
a collection of =a series of
figure out=find out
bright up=light up
roll around=turn up
give...a lecture=deliver a speech
draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention
be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
in favor of=favorable【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store
went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are
a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
9. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
【答案】8. C 9. B
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm
(BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短
了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有
一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。
故选B。（2024·黑龙江吉林·模拟预测）It took an ill screech owl (鸣角鸮) to teach a scientist the value of up-
close-and-personal study.
In his Harvad talk, Carl Safina, an ecologist and author of Alfie and Me: What Owls Know, What Humans
Believe, recalled that the chick was found dying in his backyard. Safina took it in and planned to nurse it back to
health and then perform release. But the owlet's flight feathers didn't grow properly. Safina delayed the release.
Over those extended months, Safina got to know Alfie in ways that moved and changed him.
“An owl found me and then I was watching ‘an owl’,” he said. “It was no longer an owl after a while, it was
‘she’ because she had a history with me. This little owl, who was with me much longer than I thought she would be,
became an individual to me by that history and all those interactions.”
The bond with Alfie strengthened to the point that, when she was finally released, she created a territory with
Safina's home at its center. Safina was able to spend hours each day observing her in the woods as she learned to
take care of herself in the wild, met two mates, and raised chicks of her own.
When he heard Alfie calling, Safina said, he'd call back and she'd land nearby. Their closeness allowed him
to learn more things about screech owls. Field guides, for example, describe two known calls but he identified six,
some of which you have to be quite close to hear. The relationship also opened a window for Safina onto
personality differences between Alfie and her mates.
When pointed out that his approach to Alfie—including the act of naming her—ran counter to widespread
scientific practice, Safina said he wasn't concerned about violating (违反) convention, particularly if something
interesting like individual personality differences among owls could be learned.
The experience caused Safina to think more deeply about humankind's relationship with nature and the kind
of personal connection he was able to feel with a wild individual. “What I learned from Alfie is that all sentient (有
情感的) beings seek a feeling of well-being and freedom of movement,” Safina said. “That's a guide to what's right
and what's wrong to me.”
4．What do we know about Alfie?
A．She developed a close bond with Safina.
B．She was a fictional character in Safina's book.
C．She intentionally landed in Safina's backyard.
D．She was dying because of the broken flight feathers.
5．What happened after Safina released Alfie?
A．Alfie chose to stay with Safina at his home.
B．They maintained a continous communication.
C．Alfie met mates and raised chicks by herself.
D．Safina kept his distance from her to prevent attachment.
6．What did Safina achieve in his study?
A．Recording six different calls of the screech owl.
B．Identifying different types of owls by their calls.
C．Learning how to release owls back into the wild.D．Understanding personality differences among owls.
【答案】4．A 5．B 6．D
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over those extended months, Safina got to know Alfie in ways that moved
and changed him.”（在那些漫长的月份里，萨菲纳以一种感动并改变他的方式了解了阿尔菲。）根据第三
段“This little owl, who was with me much longer than I thought she would be, became an individual to me by that
history and all those interactions.”（这只小猫头鹰，它和我在一起的时间比我想象的要长得多，通过那段历
史和所有这些互动，它成为了我的一部分）可知，Safina与Alfie建立了紧密的联系。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When he heard Alfie calling, Safina said, he'd call back and she'd land
nearby.”（当他听到阿尔菲的叫声时，萨菲纳说，他会回应，她就会降落在附近。）可知，他们保持了持续
的交流，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The relationship also opened a window for Safina onto personality
differences between Alfie and her mates.”（这种关系也为萨菲纳打开了一个窗口，让他看到阿尔菲和她的伴
侣之间的性格差异。）可知，Safina理解了猫头鹰之间的性格差异，故选D
03 数字计算题--整合推算得答案
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易
计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句
的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。
数字计算题的话题有:1.广告类:2.故事类:3.科普知识类;4.史地自然类;5.文化教育类。
设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题解此类试题常用“整合推算”
法。解题流程如下:
（2023全国乙卷C篇）According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一
的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更
好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
【答案】D
【2023·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中】
Welcome to our stand-up comedy classes
This is the workshop where beginners have grown into headliners and headliners have grown into stars. Our
workshop stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy.
Our classes are conducted by award-winning, comedy director and writer Stephen Rosenfield and his stand-up
staff. They are conducted so that when it’s time for your club performance, you will have solidly written, funny
material and you will be well rehearsed and ready to perform beyond your expectations. These stand-up comedy
classes are offered to both beginners and advanced students. The workshop consists of group classes, private
coaching sessions and a performance at Gotham or West Side Comedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-person show: May 20th at Gotham Comedy Club
Live streamed show: May 22nd on YouTube
Fees:
If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks or credit cards.
Your instructor: Becky Veduccio
Becky has been a professional comedian, writer and actress for over 15 years. She has performed stand-up
comedy in New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and London. Besides, she has appeared in commercials, theater and
feature films. And she competed in the 2018 season of America’s GotTalent.
Her film works include Return to Me, Maid in Manhattan and Random Hearts. As a writer, she was chosen as
one of Parenting. com’s top five “Favorite Mommy Bloggers” for her humorous articles on the website. In 2015,she won the New York Press Club Award for humorous writing. As an instructor, Becky has taught stand-up
comedy to every age group — from elementary school kids and teenagers to university students and adults. She
believes everyone has a comedic voice.
2. How much will a returning student save on the fee?
A. $10. B. $50. C. $60. D. $80.
【解析】细节理解题。根据Fees部分中“If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student:
$350. (如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以节省60美元的学费。故选
C项。
【答案】C
04 细节理解题常见失误
失误点1，似是而非，不求甚解
Coming in a close second-and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land is Easter Island, which lies 1,260
miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-
square-mile island was settled around the Sth century.supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no
connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than1,
000 huge stone figures, called moai , for which the island is most famous.
Q:Which of the following is most famous for moai?
A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island. C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena.
【思路剖析】
(1) 分析题干可知，因moai 而闻名的是一座岛屿(the island)，因此解题的关键就在于找到上文最后一句话
中the island 的具体所指。
(2)上文第一段，出现了两个岛的名字:Easter Island和Pitcairn Island，进一步分析句子结构可知，主语为
Easter Island，而Pitcairn Island出现在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，是和Easter Island相邻的岛屿。
所以下段中出现的The mountainous 64-square-mile island和最后一句中的the island指的也是Easter Island故
正确答案为C。
【答案】C
【名师点拨】解答针对定语从句设置的细节题时，考生一定要认真分析句子结构联系上下文,弄清楚关系词
所指代的对象，准确答题。
失误点 2粗心大意，审题不严
Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-
9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9. Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness that made the difference. “I was disappointed by
my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself togetherand prepared well, This is the result. ”Wang Hao said he had always understood the importance of physical training
and technical skills, Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left
him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps
explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.
Q: From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Ligin is _____.
A. his technical skills
B. his physical training
C. his mental toughness
D. his past experience
【思路剂析】(1)根据原文“Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness that made the difference.”可知虽然在后
续文章中也提到了his technical skills;his physical training; his past experience但都不是本题所要选择的正确
答案。(2)错选原因是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细，忽略了题干中的关键词Main。
【答案】C
【名师点拨】对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，找出题干中的关键词，然后进行排除，以
防以次代主，文不对题。
失误点 3、自以为是，脱离原文
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness(保护带) around your chest to hold
you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall. A beginner's wall is
usually about 15feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand
on and hold on to. Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes,it's not, The most difficult is to
control your fear, It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it's difficult not to feel fear, But when you move
away from the wall,the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you
reach the top.
Q: The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is_____.
A. to tie ropes to your harness
B. to control your fear.
C. to move away from the wall
D. to climb straight up
【思路剖析】从倒数第三句“It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear”可知
人们在攀墙时很难控制自己的恐惧。
【答案】B
【名师点拨】细节理解题可通过查读法进行理解，但是案的依据一定要忠实于原文，不能凭自己的主观感
觉进行选择。（最新模拟试题演练）
Passage 1
【2024届安徽省皖北协作区高三下学期3月模拟】Nowhere is the interconnection of the natural world
more evident than in the delicate balance of its ecosystems. These books examine the secret to that balance, making
complex concepts accessible to readers just beginning their scientific journeys.
The Elephant
By Jenni Desmond.Illustration: by the author. 2018.
The caring nature,intelligence,and incredible size of African and Asian elephants shine through in
Desmond’s magnificent presentation of these mammals. Her illustrations are showstoppers, and the text includes
general characteristics and habits. Desmond’s writing,precise and inviting, calls attention to the elephant’s role as a
keystone species in the ecosystem and humans’ roles in elephants’ declining numbers.
Beavers
By Rachel Poliquin. Illustration: by Nicholas John Frith. 2018.
This first in the Superpower Field Guide series, about the natural world’s resident superheroes, offers
effervescent examinations of a beaver’s super characteristics. Poliquin explains in simple but exact language how
these “wet land warriors” chew down trees,build dams and lodges,and most awesome of all, function as a keystone
species to create entire new ecosystems.
The Wolves Are Back
By Jean Craighead George. Illustration: by Wendell Minor. 2008.
As George follows one wolf s growth from pup to adult, the emphasis is not as much on the wolves and their
habits but on how their presence has changed the ecosystem of Yellowstone and returned its natural balance.
Minor’s finely detailed illustrations feature spectacularly rendered animals in the foreground of the bold, western
landscapes. Together the words and pictures make for a highly effective and enjoyable explanation of how the
presence of one animal can profoundly affect an ecosystem.
21．Who illustrates the book The Elephant?
A．Jenni Desmond
B．Nicholas John Frith.
C．Rachel Poliquin.
D．Wendell Minor.
22．What can we learn from the text?
A．Poliquin describes beavers using complex language.
B．George does the research mainly on the wolves and their habits.
C．Desmond’s writing focuses on humans’ active roles in elephant conservation.
D．The species mentioned above are likely to influence the ecosystem.
23．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A zoo guidebook.
B．An academic article:C．A nature magazine.
D．A research report.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一些关于自然平衡的书。
21．细节理解题。根据The Elephant部分中“By Jenni Desmond. Illustration: by the author. 2018.(Jenni
Desmond著。插图：作者。2018)”可知，该书的插图是由作者Jenni Desmond画的，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据The Elephant部分中“Desmond’s writing, precise and inviting, calls attention to the
elephant’s role as a keystone species in the ecosystem and humans’ roles in elephants’ declining numbers.(Desmond
的文字精确而引人入胜，呼吁人们关注大象作为生态系统中重要物种的角色，以及人类在大象数量下降中
的作用)”、Beavers部分中“Poliquin explains in simple but exact language how these ‘wet land warriors’ chew
down trees, build dams and lodges, and most awesome of all, function as a keystone species to create entire new
ecosystems.(Poliquin用简单而准确的语言解释了这些‘湿地勇士’是如何砍伐树木、建造水坝和小屋的，
最令人敬畏的是，它们是创造全新生态系统的关键物种)”以及The Wolves Are Back部分中“As George
follows one wolf s growth from pup to adult ,the emphasis is not as much on the wolves and their habits but on how
their presence has changed the ecosystem of Yellowstone and returned its natural balance.(George跟随一只狼从幼
崽成长为成年狼，重点不是狼和它们的习性，而是它们的存在如何改变了黄石公园的生态系统，恢复了自
然平衡)”和“Together the words and pictures make for a highly effective and enjoyable explanation of how the
presence of one animal can profoundly affect an ecosystem.(文字和图片结合在一起，非常有效和有趣地解释了
一种动物的存在如何深刻地影响生态系统)”可知，文章提到的动物可能会影响生态系统，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Nowhere is the interconnection of the natural world more
evident than in the delicate balance of its ecosystems. These books examine the secret to that balance, making
complex concepts accessible to readers just beginning their scientific journeys.(自然界的相互联系在其生态系统
的微妙平衡中表现得最为明显。这些书研究了这种平衡的秘密，使复杂的概念对刚刚开始他们的科学之旅
的读者来说是容易理解的)”可知，文章介绍了一些关于自然平衡的书，应是出自一本自然杂志，故选C。
Passage 2
【2024届东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟（二）】Unlike other major destinations, Rome doesn’t
have a huge number of hostels (旅社). In fact, there are less than 40 listed on Hostel World. So we’ve analyzed
each hostel to bring you detailed information about hostels in Rome. Click to read more.
TYPICAL ROME HOSTEL PRICES
Hostels in Rome are generally reasonably priced. Most hostels, regardless of quality, will start around Eur
25-32 / night in summer. You might be able to find some around Eur 20 / night but those are tough to obtain in
advance. The cheapest hostels will cost around Eur 18 / night — but don’t expect very good quality.
Check Hostel World to get exact prices for your dates as prices are always varying.
QUICK FACTS ABOUT ROME HOSTELS
Cheap Beds & Good Hostels Go Early: Hostel prices are fairly standardized but the quality does vary.The best options get booked up quickly (especially in summer).
Tourism Tax: Rome requires all hotels, hostels and apartment rentals to collect a tourist tax from all guests.
It’s usually Eur 3.50 / night / person so don’t be surprised by this extra fee.
Areas Neighborhoods: Most of Rome’s hostels are located near Rome’s Termini train station. It’s not the best
part of town but not that bad (just be a little extra careful at night).
Check the Hostel Type: Every hostel has its own personality so we suggest picking a hostel that matches up
to your travel style. For example, some hostels are party hostels which are great for having a fun time but not great
for sleeping.
Check-In Times: A lot of hostels have late check-in times around 2 pm — 4 pm) , but nearly all will let you
store your luggage if you arrive before check-in.
1．What might be the minimum cost if you stay in a Rome hostel for two nights?
A．Eur 18. B．Eur 36. C．Eur 43. D．Eur 47.
2．What do most Roman hostels offer?
A．Quality service. B．Tourism tax relief.
C．A quiet sleeping environment. D．Luggage storage before check-in.
3．Where can you probably read the text?
A．On a website. B．In a report. C．In a poster. D．In a brochure.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了罗马的旅社情况，包括价格、快速了解罗马旅社的事实、旅
游税、旅社所在的区域和周边环境、旅社类型以及入住时间等信息。
1．细节理解题。根据TYPICAL ROME HOSTEL PRICES下的“The cheapest hostels will cost around € 18 /
night — but don’t expect very good quality.(最便宜的旅馆大约是18欧元/晚，但不要指望质量很好)”以及
QUICK FACTS ABOUT ROME HOSTELS下的“Tourism Tax: Rome requires all hotels, hostels and apartment
rentals to collect a tourist tax from all guests. It’s usually Eur 3.50 / night / person so don’t be surprised by this
extra fee.(旅游税：罗马要求所有酒店、旅馆和出租公寓向所有客人征收旅游税。通常是3.5欧元/晚/人，所
以不要对额外的费用感到惊讶)”可知，如果你在罗马旅馆住两晚，最低费用是18*2+3.5*2=43欧元。故选
C。
2．细节理解题。根据QUICK FACTS ABOUT ROME HOSTELS下的“Check-In Times: A lot of hostels have
late check-in times around 2 pm — 4 pm) , but nearly all will let you store your luggage if you arrive before check-
in. (入住时间：很多旅社的入住时间较晚（下午2点至4点左右），但如果你提前到达，几乎所有的旅社都
允许你寄存行李)”可知，大多数罗马旅馆可以让你在入住之前寄存行李。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段的“So we’ve analyzed each hostel to bring you detailed information about hostels
in Rome. Click to read more.(因此，我们分析了每一家旅馆，为您带来罗马旅馆的详细信息。点击阅读更
多)”可知，如果想要了解更多的信息，点击阅读更多。由此可推知，我们可以在一个网站上读到这篇文章。
故选A。Passage 3
【2024 届东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟（二）】New research paints a lifestyle picture of the
beloved pandas in China’s Wolong Nature Reserve, and the new study indicates pandas are around others more than
previously thought. They use scent (气味) marking to keep track of both family members and friends, leave updates
about life events, and check out the dating scene.
Thomas Connor, lead author of the study, spent months watching for signs of pandas. “Once you’ve gotten
an eye for it, you can see on hill tops and different trails the scent-marking trees, and the pandas seem to be doing
this a lot,” Connor says. “It is pretty evident that they are exchanging information through scent marking behavior.”
To link the marked trees with an understanding of panda’s social structure, the researchers needed to
document nearby panda communities. Connor teamed up with coauthor Ken Frank who said, “I told him that once
he has data on which pandas are close to each other, we can use the techniques and theories that apply to humans to
understand their social networks. And these scent trees are a social media. Like Facebook, you don’t have to be in
the same place at the same time. It allows one to broadcast to many, and it’s a record.
Connor dug into a wealth of data he had collected in the form of fresh panda waste, which is the gold
standard of panda watching. Information from the waste allowed them to identify specific pandas in the area around
the scent-marking trees, and showed if these pandas were related to each other.
The discoveries in this study show that pandas are a part of coupled human and natural systems where
humans share their habitat. Anything about how they live and what they need can ultimately help inform good
conservation policies and maybe understand our own behavior a little more.
8．Who tend to go around the pandas’ scent-marking trees?
A．Their family. B．Some strange pandas.
C．Their keepers. D．Meat-sourced animals.
9．Why did pandas make so many scent markings according to Thomas Connor?
A．Because they need to extend their domain.
B．Because they use them to exchange information.
C．Because they want to expose themselves to others.
D．Because they tend to keep away from humans.
10．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The purpose of the study. B．The research strategy of the study.
C．The further finding of the study. D．The influence of the discoveries.
11．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To introduce a new research on pandas.
B．To explain the pandas’ scent marking behavior.
C．To emphasize the significance of knowing pandas.
D．To call for action to protect pandas.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新研究揭示了中国卧龙自然保护区大熊猫的生活方式，表明大
熊猫比之前认为的更社交化，它们通过气味标记与家人、朋友交流信息，留下生活状态更新，并了解交配
情况。这项研究有助于大熊猫保护政策的制定及理解人类自身行为。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research paints a lifestyle picture of the beloved pandas in China’s Wolong
Nature Reserve, and the new study indicates pandas are around others more than previously thought. They use scent
(气味) marking to keep track of both family members and friends, leave updates about life events, and check out
the dating scene.(新的研究描绘了中国卧龙自然保护区备受喜爱的大熊猫的生活方式，新的研究表明，大熊
猫与他人相处的时间比以前想象的要多。他们使用气味标记来跟踪家人和朋友，留下关于生活事件的最新
消息，并查看约会场景)”可知，大熊猫使用气味标记来跟踪家人和朋友，留下关于生活事件的最新消息，
并查看约会场景，所以它们的家人会在气味标记过的树周围。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“It is pretty evident that they are exchanging information through scent marking
behavior.(很明显，它们是通过气味标记行为来交换信息的)”可知，Connor认为大熊猫通过气味标记行为来
交换信息。故选B。
10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Connor dug into a wealth of data he had collected in the form of fresh panda
waste, which is the gold standard of panda watching. Information from the waste allowed them to identify specific
pandas in the area around the scent-marking trees, and showed if these pandas were related to each other.(Connor
挖掘了他以新鲜熊猫粪便的形式收集的大量数据，这是观看熊猫的黄金标准。排泄物中的信息使它们能够
识别气味标记过的树周围区域的特定熊猫，并显示这些熊猫是否相互关联)”可知，这段话讲述了研究者
Connor如何深入挖掘他所收集的数据，通过分析这些排泄物中的信息，研究团队能够识别出在气味标记树
木周边的具体大熊猫个体，并且判断这些大熊猫之间是否存在亲缘关系。这一过程实际上是对大熊猫社交
行为和生态习性的更深层次发现，因为它不仅确认了它们通过气味标记进行交流的行为，还进一步揭示了
它们的社会结构和家族联系。因此，这一段落主要是关于研究的进一步发现。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“New research paints a lifestyle picture of the beloved pandas in China’s Wolong
Nature Reserve, and the new study indicates pandas are around others more than previously thought. They use scent
(气味) marking to keep track of both family members and friends, leave updates about life events, and check out
the dating scene.(新的研究描绘了中国卧龙自然保护区备受喜爱的大熊猫的生活方式，新的研究表明，大熊
猫与他人相处的时间比以前想象的要多。他们使用气味标记来跟踪家人和朋友，留下关于生活事件的最新
消息，并查看约会场景)”以及全文可知，本文介绍一项关于大熊猫的新发现开始，详细阐述了大熊猫的社
交行为，特别是气味标记的作用，以及这项研究的意义。文章的目的在于向读者展示关于大熊猫的新研究。
故选A。
Passage 4
【2024届广东省高三下学期二模】As a mushroom scientist, you are vastly outnumbered, with estimates
suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌), the majority of which are yet
to be identified. However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An
enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals.
These amateurs have even made significant discoveries. One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood, a 74-year-old
mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer.In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with
mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms
looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” Lockwood answered their call and
purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature. His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense
that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots.
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like
tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it
was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t
come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman
says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained
eye.
A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-
lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the
mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is
evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work,
he identifies himself as an artist at heart.
4．What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1?
A．They keep close track of the growth of fungi.
B．They help identify new species of mushroom.
C．They replace professional scientists in the field.
D．They classify the majority of mushroom species.
5．What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms?
A．His desire for knowledge.
B．His curiosity about nature.
C．The beauty of nearby mushrooms.
D．The appeal of outdoor photography.
6．Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3?
A．Skilled and observant.
B．Focused and flexible.
C．Talented and optimistic.
D．Organized and responsible.
7．Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms?
A．To improve his photography techniques.
B．To capture dynamic life in an artistic way.
C．To collect biological data for deeper research.
D．To use a new approach to scientific studies.【答案】4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Taylor Lockwood，一名蘑菇爱好者和摄影师，在真菌学领域
做出了重大贡献。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover
new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-
professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries.(然而，在发现新物种的努力中，该领域
的专业人士并不孤单。一个热情的业余爱好者社区已经出现，弥合了专业人士和非专业人士之间的差距。
这些业余爱好者甚至有了重大发现。)”可知，蘑菇爱好者们在探索新真菌品种方面有重大发现，故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor
Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he
says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we
are.’” (1984年，泰勒·洛克伍德(Taylor Lockwood)住在加利福尼亚州的门多西诺海岸，对蘑菇产生了浓厚的
兴趣。“我的小屋外面有这些神奇的蘑菇，”他说。“就好像这些蘑菇看着我说，‘泰勒，出去告诉世界
我们有多漂亮。’”)”可知，小屋附近蘑菇的美让Taylor决定用相机去拍摄它们，故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an
unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. (在莫农加希拉国家森林，泰勒·洛克伍
德(Taylor Lockwood)发现了一种不寻常的蘑菇，看起来像戴着灰白色手套的小手指。)”可知，Taylor在森林
里发现了稀有的蘑菇品种，再结合第三段中“They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so
sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have
people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye. (“它们不会每年在同一时间出现，
所以有时真菌结出果实之间可能需要几十年的时间。”罗斯曼说，这就是为什么像泰勒·洛克伍德这样的人
用训练有素的眼睛在森林中搜索如此有价值的原因。)”可推知，Taylor是一个有经验且善于观察的人，故
选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the
mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is
evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work,
he identifies himself as an artist at heart. (“当我进行延时摄影时，我看到蘑菇周围发生了很多生命——昆虫、
蠕虫和其他小生物与它们互动，”他说。洛克伍德对艺术的热爱体现在他随着时间的推移拍摄蘑菇的方法
上。尽管他欣赏自己作品的科学方面，但他将自己视为内心的艺术家。)”可推知，Taylor决定拍摄蘑菇的
延时视频是为了以艺术的方式捕捉动态生活，故选B项。
Passage 5
【2024届广东省高三下学期二模】For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and
consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly
free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago,
some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a
growing body of evidence, is no.The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and
growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such
as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies.
The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the
nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a
population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves
to grow and spread.
The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both
understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them
could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs,
would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.
It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to
a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral
tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could
help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries,
have not been considered as being psychologically driven.
8．What do the researchers focus on about the brain?
A．Its protecting system. B．Its exposure to diseases.
C．Its controlling function. D．Its connection to the body.
9．How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2?
A．By explaining a theory. B．By providing examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting cause and effect.
10．Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier?
A．Cheaper. B．More specific.
C．Safer. D．More direct.
11．What does the study suggest in the last paragraph?
A．Brain health depends on immune changes.
B．Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions.
C．The brain can help enhance psychological health.
D．The brain may be key to treating physical diseases.
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些研究人员发现大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分，它和
身体的其它部分产生的疾病是有联系的。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really
so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. (然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？根据越来越多的证据，答案是否定的。)”可知，研
究人员主要研究大脑与身体的联系。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in
the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been
linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to
brain diseases in babies. (与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑状况清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微
生物组成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾
病。)”可知，这一段作者主要通过消化系统和怀孕期间的感染2个例子来论证自己的观点，说明大脑并不
是身体中保护最严密的部分。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other
organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. (通过消化系统、心
脏或其他器官进行的治疗比必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗更容易，风险更小。)”可知，不通过血脑屏障的治疗
风险更小。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain
area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral
tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could
help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries,
have not been considered as being psychologically driven. (研究表明，在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受
到刺激后，小鼠的心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫
变化。弄清楚这种情况是如何发生的，可以帮助摧毁癌症，增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估几个世纪以
来一直不被认为是心理驱动的物理疾病。)”可知，大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故选D。
Passage 6
【2024届河北省高三下学期大数据应用调研联合测评七】
Despite his complex mind, Einstein was known to be a lot of fun. You must have seen his iconic (标志性的)
photo, but you might not know the backstory. The photo was taken by Arthur Sasse, on March 14, 1951, Einstein’s
seventy-second birthday. In the photo, we can see Einstein sitting in a car, between his wife, Elsa, and Dr. Frank
Aydelotte, the head of the Institute for Advanced Study.
The story goes that as they were leaving his birthday celebration for their home in Princeton, New Jersey,
Einstein was repeatedly asked to smile at the camera. But when Snsse asked for one last photo he made a funny
face. Einstein liked the resulting image so much, that he immediately ordered multiple copies so he could sign and
send them to friends as a joke. Later on, he used this photo to make greeting cards.
Einstein rarely let others get in the way of his fun. He was quick to joke. He rarely wore socks thinking that
the shoes should do the job. He let his mustache and hair grow and gave interviews on his porch (门廊) in pink
slippers. His commitment to fun ran deep — and yet when Sasse sent his photo to editors for publication, they
debated whether it was even appropriate to make it public, given Einstein’s eminence. It only saw the light of day
because Sasse related how much the great scientist himself loved the image.
According to Walter Isaacson’s biography, Einstein: His Life and Universe, the personalities that
contributed most to Einstein’s greatness were curiosity and non-conformism (不墨守成规). Scientific Lo studiessuggest that humor and intelligence are associated. People who show a gift for lun also seem have superior
cognitive abilities. Fun has so many levels. The best part is that no matter what fun means to you, it can lead you to
stand out from the ordinary.
24．What was Einstein doing when the iconic photo was taken?
A．He was joking about Sasse. B．He was making a funny face.
C．He was celebrating his birthday. D．He was smiling at the camera.
25．What does the underlined word “eminence” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Being loving and caring. B．Being humorous and funny.
C．Being famous and respected. D．Being sharp-minded and considerate.
26．What can we know about the iconic photo?
A．It was taken to record his life. B．It was not published until years later.
C．It shows Einstein being interviewed on the porch. D．It was taken to celebrate an instance birthday.
27．What might be Walter Isaacson’s agree?
A．Best humor means high-level fun. B．Curiosity leads to non-conformism.
C．Humorous people tend to be intelligent. D．Greatness should be defined by scientific standards.
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦标志性照片的来源以及爱因斯坦幽默的性格。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“The story goes that as they were leaving his birthday celebration for their home
in Princeton, New Jersey, Einstein was repeatedly asked to smile at the camera. But when Snsse asked for one last
photo he made a funny face. (故事是这样的：在他们离开生日庆祝会前往新泽西州普林斯顿的家中时，爱因
斯坦多次被要求对着镜头微笑。但当Snsse要求最后一张照片时，他做了个鬼脸)”可知，当这张标志性的
照片被拍摄时，爱因斯坦在做鬼脸。故选B。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“His commitment to fun ran deep — and yet when Sasse sent his photo to
editors for publication, they debated whether it was even appropriate to make it public, given Einstein’s eminence.
(他对乐趣的追求是根深蒂固的——然而，当萨斯把他的照片寄给编辑们准备发表时，他们争论了一下，考
虑到爱因斯坦的eminence，公开这张照片是否合适。)”中的“His commitment to fun ran deep — and yet
when Sasse sent his photo to editors for publication, they debated whether it was even appropriate to make it
public, given Einstein’s”以及下文“ It only saw the light of day because Sasse related how much the great
scientist himself loved the image.(因为萨斯讲述了这位伟大的科学家自己是多么喜欢这幅画，所以它才得以
曝光。)”可知，因为爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家，非常出名且受人尊重，当萨斯把他的照片寄给编辑们
准备发表时，他们还在争论公开这张照片是否合适；故划线词eminence 意思是“出名和受人尊敬”，与
“Being famous and respected”意思一致。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段“The photo was taken by Arthur Sasse, on March 14, 1951, Einstein’s seventy-
second birthday.(这张照片是阿瑟-萨塞在 1951 年 3 月 14 日爱因斯坦 72 岁生日时拍摄的)”可知，这张
标志性的照片是为了庆祝生日拍的。故选D。27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to Walter Isaacson’s biography, Einstein: His Life and Universe,
the personalities that contributed most to Einstein’s greatness were curiosity and non-conformism (不墨守成规).
Scientific Lo studies suggest that humor and intelligence are associated.(根据沃尔特·艾萨克森的传记《爱因斯坦：
他的生活与宇宙》，对爱因斯坦的伟大贡献最大的性格是好奇心和不墨守成规。科学研究表明，幽默和智
力是相关的。)”可知，沃尔特·艾萨克森可能会认同幽默的人往往很聪明。故选C。
Passage 7
【2024届河北省高三下学期大数据应用调研联合测评七】
The Voynich manuscript (手稿) is a 234-page book filled with writing in a strange language now called
Voynichese. It also features many strange drawings of unknown plants, people and charts. Based on the images
alone, it seems to have something to do with medicine.
The language in the manuscript appears nowhere else and has become one of the greatest linguistic riddles of
our day, Since its discovery, it has attracted researchers, been called a hoax (骗局), and been the subject of a huge
number of articles.
By carbon dating the manuscript, researchers are pretty confident that it was constructed in the early 1400s.
And through the magic of linguistic analysis, most people agree that the manuscript is not a hoax. Or, if it is, it’s a
very, very complex hoax.
A paper published in 2016 by computer scientist Greg Kondrak and his student Bradley Hauer gained a lot of
attention. Their theory was based on the idea that Voynichese was made with a substitution cipher (替代密码). That
means it was written in a real language, and then each of the letters in that language was replaced by a specific
Voynichese letter.
This is where the computing power comes in. By having a computer compare the text of the Voynich
manuscript to 380 languages, Kondrak and Hauer ran the substitution cipher through as many languages as possible
and determined if the text would make sense. In the end, they figured out that the original language was Hebrew,
and they even translated some of the text. There are a few problems with their results, though: they compared the
manuscript to modern Hebrew, not 15th-century Hebrew; they had to make “spelling corrections” for it to make
sense; and, possibly most egregious (过分的) of all, they got their results using a translating app.
Despite all the innovations in code-breaking over the last century, the Voynich manuscript still rejects our
advances. If Voynichese is indeed ever solved, artificial intelligence could very likely play a role.
28．What can be an agreed point about the Voynich manuscript?
A．It’s a medical book. B．It has magic power.
C．It was made in the 1400s. D．It tells the story of a complex hoax.
29．What does Kondrak believe?
A．Voynichese was an endangered language. B．Voynichese will be replaced soon.
C．Voynichese was made by somebody. D．Voynichese will attract more attention.
30．What can be inferred about Kondrak’s research?
A．Its samples were insufficient. B．It failed to get the text to make sense.
C．It didn’t determine the original language.D．Its conclusion was not convincing enough.31．What does the author express in the last paragraph?
A．Doubt. B．Expectation. C．Determination. D．Concern.
【答案】28．C 29．C 30．D 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍伏尼契手稿——一本六百年来无人能懂的奇书，Voynich手稿
里面充满了一种奇怪的语言——现在被称为Voynichese（伏尼切语）——的文字。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“By carbon dating the manuscript, researchers are pretty confident that it was
constructed in the early 1400s. (通过对手稿进行碳年代测定，研究人员非常确信它是在14世纪初建造的。)”
可知，关于Voynich手稿，研究人员非常确信它是在14世纪初建造的。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“Their theory was based on the idea that Voynichese was made with a substitution
cipher(替代密码). That means it was written in a real language, and then each of the letters in that language was
replaced by a specific Voynichese letter. (他们的理论基于这样一种观点，即伏尼切语是用替代密码制成的。
这意味着它是用真实的语言写的，然后该语言中的每个字母都被一个特定的伏尼切语字母所取代。)”可知，
Kondrak认为，伏尼契手稿是用真实的语言写的，该语言中的每个字母都被一个特定的伏尼切语字母所取
代，由此可知，伏尼切语人为制成的。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段“There are a few problems with their results, though: they compared the
manuscript to modern Hebrew, not 15th-century Hebrew; they had to make “spelling corrections” for it to make
sense; and, possibly most egregious (过分的) of all, they got their results using a translating app. (然而，他们的结
果也有一些问题：他们将手稿与现代希伯来语进行了比较，而不是与15世纪的希伯来语进行比较；他们必
须进行‘拼写更正’才能使其有意义；而且，可能最令人震惊的是，他们使用翻译应用程序获得了结
果。)”可知，这项研究的结果是有问题的，Kondrak的研究结论并不令人信服。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite all the innovations in code-breaking over the last century, the Voynich
manuscript still rejects our advances. If Voynichese is indeed ever solved, artificial intelligence could very likely
play a role. (尽管上个世纪在代码破解方面进行了所有创新，但Voynich手稿仍然拒绝接受我们的进步。如
果伏尼切语真的被解决了，人工智能很可能会发挥作用。)”可知，作者认为未来有望借助人工智能来解开
伏尼切语之谜；由此可知，作者在最后一段中表达了期望。故选B。
Passage 8
【2024届湖北省高三下学期五月联考二模】Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its
blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for
a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as
sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two.
Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together.
In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the
Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales
smell in stereo (立体空间).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch byfiltering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But
to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part
of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which
suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny
creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl
sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the
images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is
coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears
them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure
enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are
farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to
breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
8．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs?
A．They are adapted ones. B．They are developed merely for smell.
C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are fixed universally in numbers.
9．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton?
A．The teeth that baleen whales have.
B．The smell that phytoplankton send.
C．The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
10．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4?
A．By quoting a theory. B．By using examples.
C．By making contrast. D．By making inferences.
11．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph?
A．The sense of smell. B．The possibility to attract food.
C．The ability to locate food. D．The ability to communicate.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是关于须鲸的鼻孔的相关知识。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into
a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.(很少有人知道，呼吸孔是一种经过轻微进化的鼻孔，
对于在海洋中生活的哺乳动物来说，它的形式更有用)”可知，根据前两段，鲸鱼的鼻孔是调整过的，故选
A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide,which in turn attracts baleen whales.(当它们受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫做二甲硫的特殊气体，反过来吸
引须鲸)”可知，当须鲸捕食浮游动物时，浮游植物散发的气味起了作用。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from
each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.(例如，
有两只眼睛的动物可以通过比较来自每只眼睛的图像来感知深度。它们有两只耳朵，可以确定声音传来的
方向)”可知，第四段通过举例解释立体感觉的概念。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their
blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.(除了让它们呼吸外，一些鲸鱼似乎还用它们的气孔来确
定晚餐在哪个方向)”可知，鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力有关。故选C。
Passage 9
【2024届湖北省十堰市高三下学期 5月份大联考】About eight years ago, Li Jinglong and Guan Dian
visited the Palace Museum in Beijing. The cloisonne (景泰蓝瓷器) objects on display attracted them in particular.
They spent hours looking at those beautiful objects. They just couldn’t take their eyes off them.
Born and raised in Beijing, 35-year-old Li is no stranger to cloisonne, since there were a pair of cloisonne
vases in his grandparents’ home. His wife, 34-year-old Guan, who learned to paint as a child and later became a
designer after graduating from the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, is also familiar with cloisonne, as it
appears in her art books. As a result of their visit, the couple made the daring decision to open a workshop.
“We learned cloisonne after seeing the pieces displayed in the Palace Museum. We wanted to turn our hobby
into a career, so that people could enjoy and learn to make the craft themselves,” said Li, who worked in a finance
company before quitting his job to launch Handcraft Addicted, a DIY workshop where participants can make
cloisonne. Since 2018, they have opened three workshops in Beijing. They are happy to give people a glimpse of
the traditional techniques of cloisonne as part of a DIY experience.
Instead of focusing on making traditional cloisonne objects , such as plates and vases, the workshop allows
participants to create the designs they want on surface of glass, resin (树脂) or wood. Although the process has
been simplified, it is still not easy for people trying cloisonne for the first time to succeed. Participants spend
months making one piece, which they take home or give friends as presents. It’s a luxury for people to spend time
alone and fully focus on one thing nowadays because of the fast pace of life. Participants come to the workshop not
only to create art, but also to take a break from their busy lives.
24．What can we learn about the couple?
A．They both grew up in Beijing. B．They both majored in cloisonne art.
C．They both quit their previous jobs. D．They are both familiar with cloisonne.
25．What inspired the couple to open Handcraft Addicted?
A．Their grandparents’ cloisonne vases. B．Their hobby in handcraft techniques.
C．Cloisonne objects in Guan’s art books. D．Cloisonne on exhibition in the Palace Museum.
26．In Handcraft Addicted, ______.
A．the first attempt is often simple
B．participants relax themselves while creating artC．the couple make cloisonne objects by themselves
D．it is a luxury to make traditional cloisonne objects
27．Which of the following can best describe the couple?
A．Modest. B．Generous. C．Creative. D．Outgoing.
【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对夫妇因为对景泰蓝瓷器的热爱，决定开设一个DIY工作坊，
让更多的人了解并亲手制作景泰蓝瓷器的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Born and raised in Beijing, 35-year-old Li is no stranger to cloisonne, since
there were a pair of cloisonne vases in his grandparents’ home. His wife, 34-year-old Guan, who learned to paint as
a child and later became a designer after graduating from the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, is also
familiar with cloisonne, as it appears in her art books.”（在北京出生和长大的35岁的李京龙对景泰蓝并不陌生，
因为他的祖父母家里有一对景泰蓝花瓶。他的妻子，34岁的关点，从小学画，后来从北京服装学院毕业后
成为了设计师，她也熟悉景泰蓝，因为它出现在她的艺术书籍中。）可知，他们都熟悉景泰蓝。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We learned cloisonne after seeing the pieces displayed in the Palace
Museum. We wanted to turn our hobby into a career, so that people could enjoy and learn to make the craft
themselves,”（我们在看到故宫博物院展出的景泰蓝作品后学习了景泰蓝。我们想把我们的爱好变成职业，
这样人们就可以享受并学习自己制作这种工艺品。）可知，他们是在故宫博物院看到景泰蓝后，决定开设
工作坊的。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Participants come to the workshop not only to create art, but also to take
a break from their busy lives.”（参与者来到工作坊不仅是为了创造艺术，也是为了从繁忙的生活中抽出时间
来放松。）可知，参与者在创造艺术的同时也在放松自己。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As a result of their visit, the couple made the daring decision to open a
workshop.”（由于他们的访问，这对夫妇做了一个大胆的决定，开一个工作坊。）根据第三段“We wanted
to turn our hobby into a career, so that people could enjoy and learn to make the craft themselves.”（我们想把我
们的爱好变成一种职业，这样人们就可以享受并学习自己制作工艺品。）可知，这对夫妇因为对景泰蓝的
热爱，不仅自己学习制作，还开设工作坊，让更多的人了解并亲手制作景泰蓝，由此可知，他们是有创造
力的。故选C。
Passage 10
【2024届江西省重点中学盟校高三下学期二模】On March 5, 2024, Riken Yamamoto became the 53rd
winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize since it was established in 1979 and the 9th architect from Japan to be
awarded the prize.
Yamamoto was born in 1945. His projects, ranging from private residences to public housing, are located
throughout the world. His signature works include Nagoya Zokei University (Nagoya, Japan, 2022), The Circle at
Zürich Airport (Zürich, Switzerland, 2020), Tianjin Library (Tianjin, China, 2012), Pangyo Housing (Seongnam,South Korea, 2010).
“Yamamoto has spent his entire life creating architecture that enriches the lives of those communities in a
very generous and quiet way,” Deborah Berke, head of the Yale School of Architecture, told NPR. “My favorite is
the Yokosuka Museum of Art. When I was there, I felt that I was part of something larger. That was really magical.”
The building Yamamoto is proud of might be the transparent firehouse he designed in Hiroshima. “The place
is especially popular with children. They like to see the firemen training,” the architect said with a smile. “It’s
covered with glass, so they can see the firefighters’ activities from the outside.”
Deconstructing traditional concepts of freedom and privacy while rejecting longstanding conditions that have
reduced housing into a commodity (商品) without relation to neighbors, Yamamoto defines community as a sense
of sharing one space and tries to bridge cultures, histories and multi-generational citizens, by adapting international
influence and modernist architecture to the needs of the future.
“For me, to recognize space is to recognize an entire community,” Yamamoto said. “The current architectural
approach emphasizes privacy, while ignoring the necessity of societal relationships. However, we can honor the
freedom of each individual while still living together in architectural space as a harmonious community.”
“One of the things we need most in the future of cities is to create conditions through architecture that
multiply the opportunities for people to come together and interact. By reconsidering boundary between public and
private lives, Yamamoto contributes positively beyond the belief to enable communities,” says Tom Pritzker, chair
of the Hyatt Foundation, which sponsors the award.
24．Which building does Deborah Berke like most?
A．The Circle at Zürich Airport. B．Pangyo Housing.
C．The Yokosuka Museum of Art. D．Nagoya Zokei University.
25．What has made the firehouse in Hiroshima so popular with children?
A．The magic roof. B．The interesting toys.
C．The beautiful walls. D．The training activities.
26．What does Riken Yamamoto stress in his design?
A．Social interaction. B．Individual freedom.
C．National tradition. D．Futuristic appearance.
27．What is Tom Pritzker’s attitude to the majority of the existing urban buildings?
A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Unconcerned. D．Favorable.
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．A 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了2024年Pritzker建筑奖获得者Riken Yamamoto的作品及其设
计理念。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段中Deborah Berke所说的话“‘My favorite is the Yokosuka Museum of Art.’”
（我最喜欢的是Yokosuka美术馆）可知，Deborah Berke最喜欢的是Yokosuka美术馆，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘They like to see the firemen training,’ the architect said with a smile. ‘It’scovered with glass, so they can see the firefighters’ activities from the outside.’”（“他们喜欢看消防员训练，”
建筑师笑着说，“建筑外面覆盖着玻璃，所以他们可以从外面看到消防员的活动。”）可知，小孩是被消
防人员的日常训练活动所吸引。故选D。
26．推理判断题，根据第五段中的“Yamamoto defines community as a sense of sharing one space and tries to
bridge cultures, histories and multi-generational citizens…”（山本将社区定义为共享一个空间的感觉，并试图
在文化、历史和多代公民之间架起桥梁，）可推断，Riken Yamamoto的建筑理念强调便于社区成员之间互
动，即社交联系。故选A。
27．观点态度题，根据最后一段中Tom Pritzker所说的话“One of the things we need most in the future of
cities is to create conditions through architecture that multiply the opportunities for people to come together and
interact.”（未来城市最需要的事情之一是通过建筑创造条件，增加人们聚集和互动的机会）可推断，Tom
Pritzker可能认为当前的城市建筑忽视了人与人之间的交往的需要。由此可知，他对现存的大部分城市建筑
的态度是不赞成的，故选B。
2024年
Passage 1
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore
beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat
Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species
across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List
of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the
parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a
raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking LotSunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
23. What are the volunteers expected to do?
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关
细节。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to
Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter
planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources
and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马
林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢
复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息
地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，
参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，
即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。
Passage 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker
to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are
sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes BridgeWalk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This
mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future
walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of
Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with
suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused
permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.
Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
1. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步
行时间等相关细节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，
“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是
1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those
who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，
第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在
周末。故选D项。
Passage 3
【2024 全国甲卷】Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's
artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we
showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making
activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums
Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming
exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful
designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other
invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺)
materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for
demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair
of needles and learn to knit (编织).
1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction.
2. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
3. What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动，并且
邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the
Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making' activities.(我们期待着您的到来，
我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light
Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎
的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，
ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and
qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of
the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880
— 1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来
的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如
果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”
部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural
invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft
materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和
创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工
制作。故选B项。
Passage 4
【2024北京卷】The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two
different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting
noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the
term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme
will receive one credit each.
Requirements for completion:
•One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term
•18 weekly one-hour pair meetings
•Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings
•At least three pair-teacher meetings
•One five-minute final video
Sign up!
The sign-up and registration process is as follows:•Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.
•Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
•Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.
•Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special
permission number to register for the programme.
Reminders:
Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate.
Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the
pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the
programme.
21. In the programme, students will _________.
A. chair daily meetings B. evaluate the exchange
C. meet teachers each week D. practise their language skills
22. To complete the programme, students are required to _________.
A. development tests B. participate in pair meetings
C. welcome new students D. work on weekly videos
23. What do students need to do during the registration?
A. Indicate their languages of interest. B. Select their own coursework.
C. Make individual contact. D. Choose their partners.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流
程以及注意事项的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in
two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner
meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用
他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习
的语言技能和讨论的主题)”可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分第二点“18 weekly one-hour pair meetings(每周18次一
小时的配对会议)”可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sign up部分第一点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and
languages they are interested in learning.(学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的
语言)”可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。
Passage 5
【2024浙江1月卷】Tom Sawyer Play Is an AdventureA 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall
Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the
island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing
team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family
musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages.
He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The
Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first
performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s
Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught
through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
1. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”?
A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough.
C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath.
2. What can we learn about the two actors?
A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“.
C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago.
3. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers?
A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities.
C. Technical support. D. Educational resources.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险
记》。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克
多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar
presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The
Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名
创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷
的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第
五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first
performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学
生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童
剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math
and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s
Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。
如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过
《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教
育资源。故选D项。
Passage 6
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针
灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his
coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a
small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining
traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became
interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing
drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he
improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So,
after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she
was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to
keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more
easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication,
he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from
30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal.
That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用
于动物，并取得了初步成效。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers
occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑
他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he
improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So,
after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一
种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的
病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针
灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a
heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so
much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse,
Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有
严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的
狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎
按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体
医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒
适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with
time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary
Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，
如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到
700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从
30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
Passage 7
【2024 浙江 1 月卷】When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone,
call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose
was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to
impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit
candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked
outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory
Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time
to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public
telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by
can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be
stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous
books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great
books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect
me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
5. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006?
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
6. What do we know about the “mini community library”?
A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month.
7. Why did the author start to use the “library”?
A. He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C. He found there were excellent free books.
D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被
改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house inLondon.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房
看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing
agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电
话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回
去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any
passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own
collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，
以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图
书。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous
books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great
books!(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费
的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可
知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。
Passage 8
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have
distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations
with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract
attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft
meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess
their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place
to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.
Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't
usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find
random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of
predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just
doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!4. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age.
5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
7. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示
爱意。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals
have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for
shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些
声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life
and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注
意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They
use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们
的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气
味来评估不同情况。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印
象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.
(许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边
找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行
为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达
他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，
以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
Passage 9
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and
citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of
photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of
species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a
mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the
Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes
from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species
are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested
how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like
the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.
Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the
people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their
encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-
catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，
建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other
digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现
在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical
specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding
to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而
且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段
““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the
greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍
摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记
录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to
bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead
of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比
如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense
because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording
their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的
人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方
式的不当。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas
and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational
data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded
image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不
足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们
上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
Passage 10
【2024 全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint
Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.
Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German
photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast
regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled
to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,
including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors
to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year,
the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and
restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very
impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and
very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
8. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
10. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远
地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
【8题详解】
细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel
to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the
doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
(圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，
在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其
他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. Thegovernment has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas
east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid
programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共
卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷
的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远
地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,
before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约
八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故
选D。
【11题详解】
推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in
such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many
rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持
专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机
会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
Passage 11
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store
went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are
a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.9. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
10. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
11. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输
距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm
(BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短
了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有
一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。
故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them
walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and
avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,”
said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办
公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热
衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm
(BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短
了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient
app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of
water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each
plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。
由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About
half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting
garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in
our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑
自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员
工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场
（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少
化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
Passage 12
【2024浙江1月卷】On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s
southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on
the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice
crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta —
downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land
by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years
“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area
from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification
Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the
University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell
in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one
really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded
in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative
legal safety.
8. What does the project aim to do?
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Who are opposed to the project?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
10. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加
里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机
在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯
塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million
per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make
small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险
公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，
使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights —
worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔
省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research
scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷
风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce
moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克
拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了
由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水
分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷
风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloudseeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,
no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering
can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践
中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉
讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨
公司将继续存在。故选D项。
Passage 13
【2024北京卷】Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable
moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well
understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and
interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.
Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada
being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may
vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while
cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising
religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms
for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of
others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape
our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts
motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care.
Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and
dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar
in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is
inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence
self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-
solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for
language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code?
A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-disciplineC. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过
程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well
understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and
interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.
Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada
being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. (在这里，规范是不成文的，很
少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受
到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情
的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，因纽特人的生活中，
规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选C项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written
law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and
problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需
求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以
及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the
probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道
德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形
成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为
文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 14
【2024 浙江 1 月卷】The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist
Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single
sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before
eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with
the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and
various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but
by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various
types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developeda response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve
reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have
the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to
resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was
information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has
greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.
Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more
thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to
manage our time most effectively.
12. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers.
C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
13. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
14. What does the author suggest readers do?
A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers.
C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入
了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they
would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖
励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost
and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this
mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但
是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前
一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric
consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of
the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的
热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地
管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted
(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global
delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，
我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将
我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可
知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精
神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
Passage 15
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to
read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a
three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay
Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short
story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last
March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to
artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120
submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short
stories save transit?
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider
experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
4. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
6. What has Trost been doing recently?
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印
服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观
态度，预期乘客量将会增长。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells
you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications
officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it
gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入
检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你
想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过
程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以
选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根
据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit
stories for a contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning
stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的信息亭，然后你
就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将
被放入售货亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they
can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she
says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因
为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，
BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。
2022年阅读理解
Passage16【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the
park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from
the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy
your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long
as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon
(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue
to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short
talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄
石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少
年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to
September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19
& July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最
早。故选D。【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6
月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the
breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的
视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point
的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10
日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
(7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄
影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
Passage 17
【2023年全国乙卷】PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was
highlights the suspicion that women practicing born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,
medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in dressed as a man, she was accepted by
Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked Edinburgh University to study medicine.
as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then
she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite joined the British Army, serving overseas.
of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her
ability as a doctor, she was banned from entire medical profession living and
medicine. working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 —
physician who learned her skills from her 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years
grandparents. Chinese women at the time could before studying in medical college in
not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was
However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan the first African American woman to
treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, receive a medical degree. She moved to
Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, Virginia in 1865, where she provided
describing her life as a physician. medical care to freed slaves.
1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?
A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine.
2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?
A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education.3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
.
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she
worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科
手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry
retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，
她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行
外科手术。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing
her life as a physician. (Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与
其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a
medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第
一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
Passage18
【2023年全国甲卷】Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.
Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only
Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who
received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the
Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The
menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai
dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special
twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For
those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of
the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai
home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary
theater at its best.
21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu?
A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
23. What is special about Gaggan?
A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his
Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·
汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家
分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef
lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第
一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些
极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a
window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰
国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，
Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。
Passage 19
【2023年北京卷】The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents
to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected
every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning SprintThe 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme.
The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week,
participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based
project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
•You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
•You have completed your high school studies.
•You have at least one year of work experience.
•You have strong public speaking skills.
•You are self-motivated and committed.
•You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
•You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
•You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during
November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are
made available on the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这
些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加
虚拟学习课程。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint,
you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young
Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国
际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中“You have at least one year of work experience. (你
至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
Passage 20
【2023年北京卷】The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents
to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected
every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme.
The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week,
participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based
project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
.
•You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint
•You have completed your high school studies.
•You have at least one year of work experience.
•You have strong public speaking skills.
•You are self-motivated and committed.
•You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
•You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
•You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
【21题详解】细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during
November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are
made available on the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这
些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加
虚拟学习课程。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint,
you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young
Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国
际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的
项目。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中“You have at least one year of work experience. (你
至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
Passage 21
【2023年北京卷】The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents
to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected
every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme.
The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week,
participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based
project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
.
•You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint
•You have completed your high school studies.
•You have at least one year of work experience.
•You have strong public speaking skills.
•You are self-motivated and committed.
•You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
•You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
•You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programmeC. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during
November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are
made available on the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这
些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加
虚拟学习课程。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint,
you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young
Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国
际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的
项目。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中“You have at least one year of work experience. (你
至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
Passage 22
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house,
observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through
plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could
be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added thesludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
,
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage
(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用
自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house,
observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through
plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could
be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的
树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变
得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying
agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can
certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了
农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？
哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到
惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”
可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-
like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to
clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类
似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城
市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you
let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然
后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
Passage 23
【2023年全国甲卷】Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up
shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She
says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout
the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth
wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day?
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.27. What trend in DIY does the research show?
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女
性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she
never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己
能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近
画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the
age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with
£ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的
Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and
is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，
但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选
B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid
any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用
是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故
选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是
女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
Passage 24
【2023年北京卷】Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart
raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and
“the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision
blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research
programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the
road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme,invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally
shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.
What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely.
That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived
the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired
research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that
had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from
sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited
about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered,
even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的
拒绝给予了更好的方向。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr
Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are
sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封
邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我
们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮
件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was
running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few
weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects Icould pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was
going to give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实
验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我
可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有
我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投
入实验室工作。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data
from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the
desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new
scientific interest to pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以
在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏
效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选
B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the
opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. (我明白了
有时候我需要抓住提供 的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地
制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更
好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。
Passage 25
【2023年全国乙卷】What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or
a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a
reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our
television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-
and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported
that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers
would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students
applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what
people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With anincreasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
8. What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
9. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
11. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习
惯。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and
chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”（当你想到英国
食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此
无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物
平平无奇。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are
turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking
habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，
而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think
about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对
烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影
响力。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they
used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示
他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，
三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool”
for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事
了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。Passage 26
【2023年全国甲卷】Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask
the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their
answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly
being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or
more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by
settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,
grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and
allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies
remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm
animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and
campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other
farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who
manages bears in and around Missoula.
32. How do Americans look at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in people.
B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value.
D. They are a symbol of American culture.
33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?
.
A The European settlers’ behavior.
B. The expansion of bears’ range.
C. The protection by law since 1975.
D. The support of Native Americans.
34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies?
A. The opposition of conservation groups.
B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists.
D. The local farmers’ advocates.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy
a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长
到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕
的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，
灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their
recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,
which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。
它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊
的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has
been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would
loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from
conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复
非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，
允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保
组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,
sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants
from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around
chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to
have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel,
longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻
烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，
灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望
有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措
施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
Passage 27
【2023 年浙江 1 月卷】According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels
installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of
that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few
like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32．What do solar developers often ignore?
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
33．What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the FutureC．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农
场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals
to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers
of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特
别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能
板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能
板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE
正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”
可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and
pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与
保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed
the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and
carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的
庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的
发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场
的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
Passage 28
【2023年全国甲卷】 I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It
was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me
and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people
who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love
for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work
in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder
like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a
book about understanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he
does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers inhistory, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually
pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up
a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is
something we don’t have a lot of.
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?
A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works.
C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?
A. Its views on history are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C. It includes comments from readers.
D. It leaves an open ending.
31. What does the author think of Weiner’s book?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明书评。作者在 13 岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后 Weiner 的书 The Socrates
Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本
书。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It
was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me
and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《
Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我
带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then
frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is aread in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like
Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框
定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗
一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，
接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列
举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to
use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生
活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选
B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the
quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以
提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后
一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually
pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它
以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners
的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
Passage 29
【2023年浙江1月卷】A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate.
Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human
opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans frommachines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
30．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words.
31．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．B 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called
Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，
在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列
前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。
故选B。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences
from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors
no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提
取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问
会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错
误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning
is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer
works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does
not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问
题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串
符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是
无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。31．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of
computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not
just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的
产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规
则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从
最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
2022年阅读理解
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or
tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to
take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or
short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get
a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和
Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你
的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是
出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class
Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会
得零分。故选A项。
Passage2
【2022年全国乙卷】Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir
Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of
his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in
the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
DUNCAN THOMSON JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the
Raeburn’s Portraits 18th Century
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including
those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16.
3. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关
情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期
四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英
镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿
童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time
education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学
生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场
费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。
Passage 3
【2022年全国乙卷】Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir
Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of
his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in
the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
DUNCAN THOMSON JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn and Artist’s Training in theRaeburn’s Portraits 18th Century
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including
those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16.
3. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关
情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期
四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英
镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿
童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time
education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学
生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场
费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。
Passage 4
【2022年全国甲卷】Theatres and EntertainmentSt David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s
entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh
Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films
and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF 10 1 AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences
and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for
the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF 10 5 BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a
place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to
do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family
shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF 24 4 YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100
years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is
Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF 10 3 LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
1. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.
2. What can people do at the Glee Club?
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.
C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.
3. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre?
A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“St David’s Hall”部分中的“St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms
Cardiff (St David’s Hall是Cardiff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地)”可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在
St David’s Hall举办。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“The Glee Club”部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and
brilliant live music, you should start here (如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这
里开始)”可知，人们可以在The Glee Club享受喜剧。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“New Theatre”部分中的“The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama,
musicians, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years (100多年来，New Theatre一直是优质戏剧、音
乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地)”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选A。
Passage 5
【2022年北京卷】Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme
available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based
around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key
points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That
way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a
new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list.
If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near
future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on
the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you
have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
21. In PASS, students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems22. What can students do if a session is full?
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
23. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D
【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)。
21.【解析】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture
materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.（这是一个机会，在你运用技能解决问题的同时，
加深你对课堂材料关键点的理解。）”可知，在同伴辅助学习课程中，学生运用技能解决问题。故选D。
22.【解析】
细节理解题。根据Waiting lists部分“If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list.（如果课程满员，
您可以注册等待列表。）”可知，如果某一课程满员，可以注册等待列表。故选B。
23.【解析】
细节理解题。根据Deregistering部分“If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and
your place will be given to someone on the waiting list.（如果您连续错过两次课程，您将被取消注册，你的位
置将分配给等待名单上的某个人。）”可知，如果学生连续错过两次课程，将被取消注册。故选D。
Passage 6
【2022年天津卷第二次】Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot
of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not
surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school
graduates better prepared for college life.
Goal setting
When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, re-member they should be attainable but
not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing
down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it
feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success.
Interpersonal skills
At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal
skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal
skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by
putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence.
Studying
With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you’re required to really digest learning material
rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you’ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts
of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are notsomeone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule.
Budgeting
Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start
by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how
much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don’t forget about savings…and the fun stuff(movies,
dinners out), too.
36. Who is this passage most probably written for?
A. College teachers.
B. University graduates.
C. High school teachers.
D. Would-be college students.
37. What is the author’s suggestion for reaching a huge goal?
A. Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones.
B. Reward oneself for each goal one has set.
C. Purchase a clear, updated roadmap.
D. Push oneself to an upper level.
38. One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to ________.
A. prepare complicated questions
B. try on someone else’s shoes
C. listen to others carefully
D. take advantage of others
39. What is the key to successful college study according to the author?
A. Being well-organized.
B. Being well-informed.
C. Effective reading skills.
D. Reliable research methods.
40. To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is________.
A. save money for financial investment
B. estimate one’s income and expenses
C. set aside money for fun activities
D. open a personal bank account
.
【答案】36 D 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了高中毕业生如何为大学生活做更好准备的四个技巧。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的首句“Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes
with a lot of changes.(对于高中毕业生来说，进入大学是一大步，它带来了很多变化。 )”和最后一句“The
following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.(以下四个技巧将使高中毕业生为大学生活做好更好的准备。)”可知，该文主要针对于高中毕业生的。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into
smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a
roadmap to success.(写下你的目标，把每个巨大的长期目标分解成更小、更实际的目标，可以帮助它感觉更
真实，写出一个实现它的计划可以给你一个成功的路线图。)”可知，作者建议学生要将宏大的计划拆分成
一个个细小的可实现的计划。故选A项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking
thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes,
and enhance your self-confidence.(如果你觉得你的人际交往能力需要一些工作，练习提出深思熟虑的问题并
仔细倾听，通过设身处地为别人着想来发展你的理解，增强你的自信心。)”可知，新生在人际交往时学会
倾听。故选C项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Organization is the key，so if you are not someone who is naturally
organized，set up your study schedule.(组织是关键，所以如果你不是一个自然有条理的人，那就制定你的学
习时间表。)”可知，在大学成功学习的关键是要学会成为一个有条理性的人，并科学安排自己的时间。故
选A项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college hat they
develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance.(管理资金是一项至关重要的生活技能，
对许多人来说，这是他们在大学帽子上第一次发展它。首先估计您的财务状况。)”，可知大学生要学会自
主管理金钱，首先要让收支相抵。故选B项。
Passage7
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia
tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produceaudio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself?
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童
读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting
with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故
事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而
这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。
故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a
tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my
storybook was like that. (事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开
心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故
事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I
edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为
自己懂数码技术。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent
little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. (然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差
距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
Passage 8
【2022年北京卷】My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my
ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at
this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I
did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation
not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a
pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-
on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that
this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and
more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth
for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to
completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 )
this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so
many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every
opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our
action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
24.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at
whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根
源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美
导致了焦虑。故选C项。
25.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my
high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a
difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让
我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“
Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups
were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part
of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收
到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为
了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然
地活动中。故选A项。
26.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a
growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my
confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都
让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
27.【解析】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do
anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情
的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a
growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my
confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都
让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我
们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
Passage 9
【2022年天津卷第二次】I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall nd good-looking, with two short story
books and quite a number of essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that he
attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself
as one is. That was where my struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled
when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls aroundme, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin
sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-
confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public
speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus
when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in
November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.”
Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that
such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea
suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the
famous talkshow host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my
color, I’m practically filled with shame.
Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-
love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what w need to do
is learn to appreciate it.
41. What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway!
A. Her appearance
B. Social discrimɪnation.
C. Her changing emotions.
D. The climate in Norway.
42. What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3?
A. Her lack of self-confidence.
B. Her loss of interest in school.
C. Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.
D. Her desire for chances to improve herself.
43. How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and ne girl on the bus?
A. Blessed and proud.
B. Confused and afraid.
C. Amazed and relieved.
D. Shocked and ashamed.
44. What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill?
A. Great minds speak alike.
B. Stuttering is no barrier to success.
C. Wisdom counts more than hard work.
D. Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses.
45. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage?A. Pride comes before a fall.
B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
.
D Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.
【答案】41. A 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得
自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中第二段“Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate
lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the
weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”(与我周围所有有着金色头发和精
致嘴唇的白人女孩相比，我，一个黑人女孩，有着卷曲的头发和饱满的红唇。无论天气如何，我的鼻子上
经常有一层薄薄的汗水。我只想把自己埋在壳里哭着“我太不一样了！”)”可知，作者的外表与其他的孩
子不同，这使得作者不容易适应学校的生活。故选A项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering(口吃),
which had weakened my self-confidence.(导致我自我厌恶的还有我偶尔的口吃，这削弱了我的自信心。)”可
知，作者的口吃导致作者失去了自信。故选A项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。文中第四段提到“To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in
November!(令我惊讶的是，她的鼻子上也有薄薄的汗水，而且是在十一月！)”可知，作者见到小女孩儿感
到很惊讶，根据句子中““Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s
perfectly normal.”(“哇，”我低声对自己说，“这毕竟不是遗传疾病。这很正常。”)”可知，作者此刻感到
很放松。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I
shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.(我大大地松了一口气，然后一个想法突然出
现在我脑海中——如果我聪明，我不应该让我的口吃阻碍我和我的成功。)”可知,作者意识到口吃不应该是
自己成功的障碍。故选B项。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love,
and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.(只是为了解释
他获得自尊来自大量的自爱，而要获得它，一个人必须首先学会接受自己的本来面目。这就是我挣扎开始
的地方。)”可知，本文要讲述的是作者在经历中感悟到要想有自尊，首先要自爱。故选D项。
Passage 10
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then
friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad.
Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
,
Such methods seem obvious yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
.
C Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席
执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人
一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I hadunthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻
菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通
过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to
grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it
would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的
水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个
国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境
的危害。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers
food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations
and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries?
Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的
首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，
收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或
干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing
more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t
eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，
还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故
选A。
Passage 11
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common
“m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than
others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds
that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t growto be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
.
D Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech
sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer
foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and
why this trend arose.（30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃
软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋
势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults
were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper
teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，
我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很
难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change
in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during
the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年
里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五
段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable
since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the
product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a
member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定
保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，
Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
Passage 12
【2022年全国乙卷】The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as
Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制
造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation
to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康
问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks
containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .（该税于2016年4
月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖税的目
的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar
levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半
的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the
sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most
alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，
一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶
为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。）”可知，糖税
主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive
influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.
（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了
数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
Passage 13
【2022年全国甲卷】Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown tohave similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the
birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a
box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given
five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
4. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
5. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
6. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool
use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就
能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the
correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确
的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year
of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一
岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。【6题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the
cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人
员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推
知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,
have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原
产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头
鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文
标题。故选D。
Passage 14
【2022年全国甲卷】As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little
Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what
was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
8. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
9. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
10. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
.
11 What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望
探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the
UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步
探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最
终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词
组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on
ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从
火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of
the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深
刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的
吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有
着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南
极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。
Passage 15
【2022年浙江卷1月】 The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there ?s a new bonus to
add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be
nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less
sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are
exciting because ifs possible that improving people's cardiovascular （'ll、血管 ）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. ”
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were
in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80
watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of
the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent
of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
4. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises.
B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases.
D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
5. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate.
B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out
D. To detect their potential health problems
6. What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it.
D. The results were far from satisfactory.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women*s Cardiovascular Fitness
【答案】7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。 【7
题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “New researchers found that middle-aged women who were
physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症）in later life, and as they did, itcame on a decade later than less sporty women."（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的
可能性要低近90%, 而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，
第一段提到了健身锻 炼的好处。故选A项。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。t 艮据上文 “These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's
cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.r （这些发现令
人兴奋，因为在 中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“For the
study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure
their peak cardiovascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，
直到她们精疲力竭，以 测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血
管峰值能力。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段 “These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four
decades."（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期
的 过程。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could
be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症）in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade
later than less sporty women."（新的研宄人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近
90%, 而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段
通过列举 实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大
降低。故选C 项。
Passage 16
【2022年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be
useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely
try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A
good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a
destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their
happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only
when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work
accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not onlyenjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;
if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right
knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A. Making us simple-minded B. Making us short-signted.
C. Leading us onto a busy road. D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
A. Through maintaining good health.
B. By going through pain and suffering.
C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.
D. Through offering help much needed by others.
53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.
A. less selfish B. less annoying
C. more motivated D. more responsible
54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B. When our love for the world is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind to the reality.
55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________.
A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge
.
【答案】51 B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生
而有益。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is
sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导
致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in
return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因
为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do,
but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，
而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，
做事越有动力。故选C项。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危
险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的
结局。故选A项。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing
good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱
和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
Passage17
【2022年全国乙卷】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room
schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead,
Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the
subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,
who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow wasmarked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
.
C They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room
schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond
Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和
Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy,
rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森
一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In
spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条
件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed
drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在
令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令
人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以
Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of
the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。
大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
2021年阅读理解
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel
( 旅 社 ). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to
stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the
best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too
noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff
members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the
rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful
furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning
and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all
of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you
arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A. Comfort. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Location.
22. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
23. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅 社 ).”(对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因)可知选择住旅社的旅行者可
能最关心的是价格。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分“If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in
Rome.”（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆）可知如果你喜欢社交旅馆，Hostel Alessandro
Palace是罗马最适合你的旅馆。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.”（但
是，你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi）可知Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。故选C。
Passage 2
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】Things to Do in Yorkshire This Summer
Harrogate Music Festival
Since its birth, Harrogate Music Festival has gone from strength to strength. This year, we are celebrating our
50th anniversary. We begin on 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicola Benedetti, presenting an amazing
programme of Mozart pieces.
Dates:1 June-31 July
Tickets:£12-£96
Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes
As the summer months roll in, our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness
session. Come and work out with our qualified personal trainer, Jodie McGregor, on the grounds of the Middleton
Lodge estate.
We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and
active exercises. There are eight spaces available for the taster session. Advance bookings are
required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)
Dates:23 May-11 July
Tickets: £7.50 per session
Felt Picture Making
Working from an inspirational picture, this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you the techniques
you will need to recreate your picture in wool.
We will also discuss the origins of felt, what enables wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use
work.
Dates: 12 June-12 July
Tickets: £40 including materials
Figure It Out!-Playing with Math
A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a
regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more. Discover
how architects, product designers and scientists use similar skills in their work.
Dates:7 May-10 JuneTickets: Free
1. What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie's fitness classes?
A. Join a fitness club. B. Pay a registration fee.
C. Make a booking. D. Hire a personal trainer.
2. How much is the ticket for Felt Picture Making?
A. £7.50. B. £12. C. £40. D. £96.
3. Which of the following starts earliest?
A. Harrogate Music Festival. B. Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes.
C. Felt Picture Making. D. Figure It Out!-Playing with Math.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了今年夏天约克郡的四个活动的情况。
【1题详解】
细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes 部 分 中 “ Advance bookings are
required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)( 需要提前预订（info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris）)”可知，如果
你想参加Jodie的健身课程，你应该预约。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Felt Picture Making部分中“Tickets: £40 including materials(门票：40英镑（含材料）)”
可知，Felt Picture Making的票需要40英镑。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Harrogate Music Festival从6月1日到7月31日；Jodie's Fitness Summer
Classes从5月23日到7月11日；Felt Picture Making从6月12日到7月12日；Figure It Out!-Playing with
Math从5月7日到6月10日。故Figure It Out!-Playing with Math最早开始。故选D。
Passage 3
【2021年全国甲卷】A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea
of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has
shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take
a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I
climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few
Mike Shepherd(2011)
feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and
Skiddaw in Winter
looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used
Cumbria, England
classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into
Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timothy Smith(2014) I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking
Macclesfield Forest up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came across asmall clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh
Cheshire, England snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from
the foreground right through into the forest.
1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?
A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view, the Landscape(风景）Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of
Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.”（ Take a view，年度风景摄影师奖是
Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。故选
B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the
air.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in
my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的
照片）可知Shepherd 和 Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect
platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual
competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项
是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人
向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛 Take a
view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。
Passage 4
【2021年全国乙卷】The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans builtthe Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.
Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry
compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable
seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are
the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks
them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still funtiona1, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A. 104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium. C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23. What do the listed stadiums have in common?
A. They host big games. B. They have become tourist attractions.
C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favored by architects.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上著名的大型竞技场的基本情况。目前这些竞技场仍在运
行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus,
which accommodated around 250,000 people.” (然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小
巫见大巫。)可知，Circus Maximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的“Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened October
7, 1922.” (美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)及其他
四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，Ohio Stadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C
项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in
world sport.” (所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。故选A项。
Passage 5
【2021年北京卷】If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then
an internship（实习） at UNESCO will be ideal for you．
Who can apply？
You have completed your full-time university studies；or．
You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree．
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical
institution．
What are the requirements？
You must be at least 20 years old．
You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French．
You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software．
You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment．
You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills．
What do you need to prepare？
Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas．
Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your
internship．
Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the
target country for the entire period of the internship．UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to
USD30,000 for the internship period．
Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work．
Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application
form．
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months．We do
not respond to every candidate．If selected，you will be contacted by a manager．If you do not receive any
update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful．
21. According to this passage，applicants are required to________．
A. hold a master's degree in science
B. have international work experience
C. be fluent in either English or French
D. present a letter from a technical institution
22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？
A. Limited medical insurance coverage．
B. Training in communication skills．
C. A medical certificate for work．D. Financial support for travel．
23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？
A. Contact UNESCO managers． B. Get access to the database．
C. Keep a motivation letter at hand． D. Work in a team for six months．
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are the requirements？部分的You should have a good command （掌握） of either
English or French（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What do you need to prepare？部分的UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to
USD30,000 for the internship period（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有限保险）可
知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application
form（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在
手边，故选C。
Passage 6
【2021年天津卷第二次】When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes
actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college
life.
Participating in Campus Welcome Activities
Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen
orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.
Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What
do students do for fiin? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you
observe campus life outside the classroom.
Exploring Campus
Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center, psychological
services, and the tutoring center~~will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won't have to
look for them while still getting used to your classes.
Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting
lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you're
worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won't hurt. That way, you will
avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.
Starting a RoutineBefore getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that
you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different
times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.
What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep
to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.
If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your
day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule.
36. By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can .
A. learn about campus culture
B. get their course schedule
C. have a physical examination
D. take an entrance test
37. Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings ?
A. To see how many facilities they can use.
B. To avoid being late for future classes.
C. To help those getting lost on campus.
D. To practice running on their way to class.
38. When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine?
A. On the first day of their classes.
B. Before the orientation week.
C. After their first-day classes.
D. During the orientation week.
39. What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class?
A. Take physical exercise before class.
B. Leave their phones powered off.
C. Take early classes every day.
.
D Keep to the sleep schedule.
40. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To offer some tips on making an easier start at college.
B. To remind freshmen about the first day of school.
C. To help freshmen organize campus activities.
D. To share his college experience with the reader.
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. A
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要针对新生真正开学前一周的活动给出一些建议，帮助新生轻松开始大学
生活。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据Participating in Campus Welcome Activities标题下的第二段中“Participating in such eventsis a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture:（参加这些活动是了解学校设施和
了解校园文化的好方法）”可知，参加欢迎活动可以了解校园文化，故选择A项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据Exploring Campus标题下的第二段中“That way, you will avoid potential time delays in
getting to your classes.（那样，你将会避免在去上课时可能出现的延误）”可知，快跑测试，可以避免将来
上课迟到，故选择B项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Starting a Routine 标题下的第一段“Starting classes means being in different places at
different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.（课程开始意味着在不同的
时间呆在不同的地方，所以就在这周开始习惯这种常规活动是个好主意）”可知，right this week指的是正
式开学前的这一周，也叫orientation week“迎新周” ，故选择D项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题题。根据 Starting a Routine 标题下的第二段“What helps you most is to schedule your sleep.
Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.
（最有帮助的就是安排好的你的睡眠，按照计划的时间，将确保你有足够的睡眠来参加早上的课程，并保
持清醒）”可知，想要保持清醒专注，就要保证睡眠时间。故选择D项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.（以下
是几个帮你轻松进入大学生活的建议）”可知，作者主要是提出一些轻松开始大学生活的建议。故选择 A
项。
Passage 7
【2021年天津卷第一次】 Job for You!
Family Alliance Meal Delivery
Family Alliance is looking for people who can
deliver hot Chinese meals one to two times a Lancaster Design
week for people with disabilities in north suburban We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen
Fairfield County. equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of
All applicants must have a driver's license and people who were oncehomeless.
access to a car. Gas will be covered for each We need people who can work at our warehouse （仓
delivery. 库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to
Working hours: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Tuesdays and families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates
Fridays will be matched with a task based on skill set.
For more information, contact Charles Chen Interested? Submit your application to
at cchen@famd.com www.lancasterdesign.org
Or call 740-6668988 Or call 740-6119735
Lancaster Weekly Parkview Nursing HomeWould you like the opportunity to earn extra cash
close to home? If so we have a vacancy in our Caregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient
team which would suit you. and caring, and who have experience and interest in
Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required working with older adults.
to deliver our newspaper. You may I have to cover As part of the package, initial and follow-up training
some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. sessions are provided and accommodation is available
Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays if required.
For more information For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View Lane
Call 740-6538360 Or contact Ellen White at 740-6968399
36．Which job requires a driver's license?
A．Delivering meals.
B．Delivering newspapers.
C．Working at the warehouse.
D．Working at the nursing home.
37．Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job?
A．Applicants are expected to design furniture.
B．Work is arranged according to one's skill set.
C．It involves collecting furniture from homes.
D．It favors applicants who are homeless.
38．A middle-school student is most likely to be hired by.
A．Family Alliance Meal Delivery
B．Lancaster Design
C．Lancaster Weekly
D．Parkview Nursing Home
39．Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly?
A．740-6668988.
B．740-6119735.
C．740-6538360.
D．740-6968399.
【答案】36. A 37.B 38.C 39.D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章刊登了四则招工广告。
36．细节理解题。该小题问哪份儿工作需要有驾照。根据第一则广告第二段“All applicants must have a
driver's license and access to a car.（所有的申请人都必须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。）”可知，第一则广
告招聘外卖送餐工，并要求应聘者有驾照。故选A项。
37．细节理解题。根据Lancaster Design 广告“Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.（应聘者将会被安排与自己技术相匹配的任务。）可知，B项（Lancaster Design job的工作是根据个人的技能
来安排的）这一表述正确。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据Lancaster Weekly“Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our
newspaper.（成人和13岁以上的青少年都可以投递我们的报纸。）可知，中学生（13+）也有可能会被
Lancaster Weekly雇佣。故选C项。
39．细节理解题。根据Parkview Nursing Home广告部分“We seek people who are patient and caring, and who
have experience and interest in working with older adults.( 我们寻找有耐心，有爱心，有经验和兴趣与老年
人一起工作的人。)可知，Parkview Nursing Home招聘照顾老人的员工，他们养老院的电话是740-
6968399。故选D项。
Passage8
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria
Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so
I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four
years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the
flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure
you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to
50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has
their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for
the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said,
“Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once
asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I
have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practise?
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”?.
A He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her
performance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，
Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages
at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要
很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为
钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of
“nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每
个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演
奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他
对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫
因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选 D
项。
Passage 9
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and
Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it
to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us
really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them
into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there
was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the
morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were
some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have abit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we
knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan
was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time
that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍
了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided
to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成
年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the
day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来
越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它
们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking
like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得
不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七
八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to
look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，
事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。
故选B。【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open
doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们
正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物
园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
Passage10
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's
Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to
see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
.
【答案】8 C 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了 100万英镑的奖金，
她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to
bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to promote
the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想
掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教
学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of
any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire
children.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——
进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学
校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity
depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama
认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to
bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the
teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀
起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教
学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺
术教学。故选A。
Passage 11
【2021年北京卷】I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our
semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the
different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first
impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in
mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some
research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I
saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）
and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，
and make them into kits——one kit，one child．
The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the itemsfinally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build
that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how
I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true
meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good
grade on．When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would
never forget．
In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is
over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will
now be able to further their education．
24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？
A. It would affect his/her initial plans．
B. It would involve traveling overseas．
.
C It would not bring him/her a good grade．
D. It would not live up to his/her expectations．
25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？
A. Images of Iraqi children． B. Research by his/her classmates．
C. A teacher's introduction． D. A representative's comments．
26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________．.
A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education
C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children
27. What can we conclude from this passage？
A. One's potential cannot always be underrated．
B. First impression cannot always be trusted．
C. Actions speak louder than words．
D. He who hesitates is lost．
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通
过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，
my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not
going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要
我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我
心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选
D。
【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their
faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without
hesitation．”（当我上网访问OIC 网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和
需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。
故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but
ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（现在我们的项
目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩
和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。
故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a
difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够
的影响。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another
person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，
ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人
的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我
们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不
会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。
Passage 12
【2021年浙江卷6月】Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star
in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen
to make a career (职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved
forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few
years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight
years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn’t quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but
his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn’t until 1980 — 32 years into his
career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second
half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie
reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always
,
felt he should do but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role
or challenge might be just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little
more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can
make for a remarkable life.1. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?
A. He enjoyed watching movies. B. He was eager to earn money.
.
C. He wanted to be like his uncle D. He felt he was good at acting.
2. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?
A. He directed some high quality movies. B. He avoided taking on new challenges.
C. He focused on playing dramatic roles. D. He became a successful comedy actor.
3. What does Nielsen’s career story tell us?
A. Art is long, life is short. B. He who laughs last laughs longest.
C. It’s never too late to learn. D. Where there’s a will there’s a way.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leslie Nielsen的演艺生涯。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle
earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting. (他的叔叔，是一位著名的演员。Nielsen的叔叔所赢得的钦
佩和尊重激励他走上了演艺事业)”可知，Nielsen想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic
presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. (这部
电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演就可以使这
部电影获得经济上的成功)”可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成了一个成功的喜剧演员。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain
old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a
remarkable life. (他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，即使是只有一个愿望，
永不放弃，也能成就非凡的人生)”可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们：有志者事竟成。故选D项。
Passage 13
【2021年浙江卷6月】We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk
from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick
up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four
and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人 David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的
旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它
看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marked to
young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David Bond通过
拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network
(世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意
思一致。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network,
a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，
开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主
要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销
给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
Passage 14
【2021年浙江卷1月】 More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day, he
played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old
decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.
That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and
then in an orphanage（孤儿院）. There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back
in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a
vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's
satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's
central business district from a bird's-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-
platform train station”—and there it was. "And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain"-and there it
was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
"There's something about me, " he thought—and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she
used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says, "My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and
walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was
like a nuclear fusion（核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would
ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her. ”
1．Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?
A．He got on a train by mistake.
B．He got lost while playing in the street.
C．He was taken away by a foreigner.
D．He was adopted by an Australian family.
2．How did Brierley find his hometown?
A．By analyzing old pictures.
B．By travelling all around India.
C．By studying digital maps.
D．By spreading his story via his book.
3．What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?
A．His love for his mother.
B．His reunion with his mother.C．His long way back home.
D．His memory of his hometown.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了布尔利小时候意外走失，长大后通过自己努力找回家人的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“When he woke up and found himself alone: the 4-year-old decided his
brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.(当他醒来发现自己一个人时：4岁的孩子判断
他哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车)”以及第二段中“That train took him a thousand miles
across the country to a totally strange city.(那列火车把他带到了一个千里迢迢之外的陌生城市）”可知，布尔
利在25年前和家人分开是因为他误上了火车。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。通过文章第四段“Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his
hometown in the program’s satellite pictures.(然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。他花了数年时间在该节目的卫
星图片中寻找家乡)”以及“Everything just started to match.(一切都开始匹配了）”可知，布尔利是通过研究
数字地图找到家乡的。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“In an interview Brierley says: “My mother looked so much shorter than I
remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the
chemical in my brain, you know: it was like nuclear fusion（核聚变）. just didn’t know what to say: because I
never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.(在一次采访中，布
尔利说：“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多了。但是她走了出来，朝我走来，我也向着她走去，我的感情、
眼泪和大脑里的化学物质，你知道的：就像发生了核聚变。只是不知道该说些什么：因为我从没想过见到
我母亲会成为现实。我就在这里，站在她面前。)”可知，作者在采访中讲述了他和母亲的团聚。故选B项。
Passage15
【2021年天津卷第二次】When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need
that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not
until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion fbr writing. With some encouragement
from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my
problem began.
Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman
composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures
on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left fbr
writing after a full working day.
As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set fbr 5:00 A.M. The first
day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table,
and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was
when my morning writing began.
Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many
excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published.
When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second fbr fiction. Well or badly, Iwrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the
time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.
What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial
sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create,
stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way.
41. What motivated the author to start her writing career?
A. Her strong wish to share.
B. Her keen interest in writing.
C. Her urgent need to make a living.
D. Her passionate desire fbr fame.
42. What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing?
A. She was too exhausted to write after a busy day.
B. She had trouble in deciding on her writing style.
C. She had to take time to discipline her daughter.
D. She was unsure about her writing skills.
43. Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway?
A. In case the clock in her room broke down.
B. In case she failed to hear the ringing.
C. To force herself out of bed.
D. To wake up her family.
44. How did the author manage to finish her novel?
A. By sticking to writing every morning.
B. By writing when her mind was most active.
C. By drawing inspirations from classic novels.
D. By reducing her teaching hours at school.
45. What can we learn from the author's success in her writing career?
A. It is never too late to change your job.
B. Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time.
C. A tight schedule is no excuse fbr lack of action.
D. Daily life provides ideas fbr creative writing.
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent
need that I felt to work with language.” 当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言
的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。
【42题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I returned home, there was not enough of me left fbr writing after a full
working day.”当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写
作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second
day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. ”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放
在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里
放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not
making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直
到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in
control.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first morning in
1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978
年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不
是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。
Passage 16
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing
cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for
decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are
aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors
to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags
(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the
shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to
another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the
monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But
Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use
technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his
first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that
an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma
Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tendto be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
15. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛 的健康状
况。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing
cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for
decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，
这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短
缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and
texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器
人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the
industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a
man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——
使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认
为人能做得更好。故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's
Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛
人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
Passage 17
【2021年全国甲卷】Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the
arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th
black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially
as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.
6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young
7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生
的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the
reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁
育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。【5题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，
已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino
to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第 40头在保护区出生的黑犀
牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother
Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在
Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned
to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推
知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
Passage 18
【2021年全国乙卷】During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think
about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a
membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After
all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that
shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects
were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level
of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,
without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on
creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪
音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can
focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采
访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,
the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee
shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量
为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段
“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的
结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一
个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境
更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our
offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed,
the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a
coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集
中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创
作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，
开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。
【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think
about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提
到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
Passage 19
【2021年浙江卷6月】If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or
annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human
faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the
person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by
showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The
researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses
more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures
based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that
the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies
to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them
with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类 的面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the same
person making either a happy or an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高兴还
是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half
of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial expressions
by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in training.(在训
练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表情的能力，向
狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗看的照片是不
一样的。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their
living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has
provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller 说：“对我们来说，
最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接
触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表
情的可能原因。故选B。
Passage 20
【2021年浙江卷1月】 At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins
made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing
height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid
being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15
per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机
会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and
talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed
by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's
day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental
opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-
accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin andtakes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and
hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
4．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?
A．To make comparisons. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument. D．To provide examples.
5．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A．Plain laziness. B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
6．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A．She can get relaxed after work. B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study. D．She can know her son better.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。
4．B推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the
physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school
while in 2010, it was as low as15 percent.(今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少
了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%)”说明作者根据
沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，
是为了介绍文章主题。故选B项。
5．C细节理解题。通过文章第三段中“Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay
for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited
public transport.(家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择
的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区)”可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不
够。故选C项。
6．D细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中“But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day
comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental
opportunity to hear more.(但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在
理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多)”说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能
让她更了解她的儿子。故选D项。
Passage21
【2021年天津卷第二次】In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence （Al） has been
described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. But what if we're actually getting closer to a
world where Al is capable of thinking and feeling?
Tech company UneeQ is heading for its "digital humans", which appear life like on the screen not only in
terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. They look close to a
human, but not quite.
What lies beneath UneeQ9 s digital humans? Their 3D faces are modeled on actual human features. Speech
recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying, and natural language processing is used to workout a response. Meanwhile, another Al company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a
"digital brain", that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions "fblt" and "expressed" by its "digital
people".
Shiwali Mohan, an Al scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings. "They're
humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human," she says. "Human qualities
also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of
algorithmic (算 法)design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that
behave like humans." She then continues, “If something looks like a human, we have high expectations of them,
but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humans react.
Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health
care, and commercial sectors （行业）. "Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient
digitally, they might be left behind," says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9s CEO.
Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling organizations and individuals to
create digital humans themselves using free-access platforms they provide. "The biggest motivation for such
platforms is to popularize Al," Dube says.
Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is
optimistic about where they are headed. "As we develop more advanced Al technology, we would then have to use
new ways of communicating with that technology,she says. "'Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans in
their goals."
46. According to Para. 2, in what respect（s） do UneeQ9s "digital humans" resemble human beings?
A. In the way they move around.
B. In the way they act and react.
C. In observation and analysis.
D. In speech and facial expressions.
47. Soul Machines’digital brain is a technological breakthrough because it .
A. leams to make proper emotional responses
B. tends to imitate human beings' tone vividly
C. recognizes the speech sounds it receives
D. processes the natural language it hears
48. In Mohan's opinion, what human quality is lacking in digital beings?
A. Calculating brain.
.
B Language skills.
C. Instinctive judgements.
D. Problem-solving ability.
49. What makes many sectors employ digital humans?
A. The fear of falling behind in efficiency.
B. The urgency to promote e-commerce.
C. The wish to spread digital technology.D. The need to upgrade the health care system.
50. What does Mohan think of the future of digital beings?
A. It's well planned.
B. It is promising.
C. It is uncertain.
D. It's quite hopeless.
【答案】46. D 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍许多科技公司正在推进、研发“数字人类”，并被很多部门使用。但
一些科学家对此表示怀疑，并指出了“数字人类”并不是真正的人类，有很多缺陷。但前景还是很有希望
的。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Tech company UneeQ is heading for its "digital humans", which appear life like on
the screen not only in terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a
nod.”（科技公司UneeQ正在研发一种“数字人”，这种人在屏幕上看起来栩栩如生，不仅因为语言，还因
为面部动作:眉毛扬起、微笑，甚至点头。）由此可知，根据第2段，UneeQ9s的“数字人”在言语和面部
表情上方面与人类相似。故选D项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, another Al company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological
approach, with a "digital brain", that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions "fblt" and
"expressed" by its “digital people”.”（与此同时，另一家Al公司，灵魂机器公司，正在采取一种更具生物性
的方法，拥有一个“数字大脑”，它模仿人脑的各个方面来调节其“数字人”的“fblt”和“表达”的情
绪。）由此可知，灵魂机器的数字大脑是一项技术突破，因为它倾向于做出适当的情绪反应。故选A项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“"They're humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not
being human," she says. "Human qualities also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you
break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic (算 法)design, but they might behave differently in ways that
humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humans react.”（“他们的外表和声音都像人类，但这本身
不是人类，”她说。“人类的品质还包括你如何思考、如何处理问题以及如何分解问题；这需要大量的算
法设计。但他们的行为方式可能不同，人类只是本能地知道其他人的反应。”）由此判断出，在Mohan看
来，数字人缺少本能的判断。故选C项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees
across the financial, health care, and commercial sectors （行业）.Unless these sectors make their business
models much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind”（但需求依然存在，UneeQ的数字员工在金融、
医疗和商业行业的使用率很高。除非这些行业将它们的商业模式数字化得更高效，否则它们可能会被甩在
后面）由此可知，害怕效率落后让许多行业使用“数字人类”。故选A项。
【50题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these
digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed.”（ Mohan对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些
数字生物背后的目的，并对他们的未来持乐观态度）由此判断出，Mohan数字人的未来是有希望的。故选
B项。
Passage22
【2021年天津卷第二次】Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic
mind to be both functional and beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be "the easy subject" at
school, insignificant to wider society, a waste of time and effort?
Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates
money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they
are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible
experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don't just want
material things anymore, they want to experience life一the arts are a perfect crossover （交迭）between culture
and commerce.
Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social
bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and
their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who
frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who
do not; more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of people's wellbeing. The Royal Society of Public
Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing
stress, anxiety and blood pressure.
Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education: those engaged with
drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and
languages. Kids with preference fbr the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.
Participating in the arts is essential fbr child development; encouraging children to express themselves in
constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.
Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without
art would be boring and dead still, fbr art is a part of what makes us human.
51. Art products differ from most other commercial products because .
A. most people purchase them for collection
B. they are more expensive and less accessible
C. they have both commercial and cultural values
D. their prices may climb up as time passes
52. By sharing their arts experiences, community members can .
A. keep the community safe from illnesses
B. develop a stronger tie between them
C. learn to appreciate their own works of artD. offer honourable solutions to their problems
53. What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities?
A. They enjoy better living conditions.
B. They like to compare themselves with others.
C. They are particularly good at both music and art.
D. They tend to be healthier physically and mentally.
54. How does kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
A. It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth.
B. It gives them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C. It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D. It helps to make responsible people out of them.
55. What is the best title for this passage?
A. How Art Cures Our Hearts
B. Art: A Blessing to Humankind
C. How Art Benefits Communities
D. Art: A Bridge Between Cultures
【答案】51. C 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活之一。
从赋予商品的商业价值，人类的身心健康和青少年的学术和情感发展等方面论述了艺术的重要意义。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both
functional and beautiful.”（任何公共空间都是由艺术家精心设计的，既实用又美观。）以及“Art can
connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can”（艺术可以将文化与商业产品
联系起来，这是其他很多东西都做不到的。）可以看出，可见艺术参与的作品兼具文化价值和商业价值。
故选择C。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences
through reflection and discussion,, and their expression of common values through artworks in honor of events
significant to a nation's experience.”（当个人通过反思和讨论分享他们的艺术经验，并通过艺术作品表达共
同的价值观，以纪念对一个国家的经验有重要意义的事件时，社会纽带就在他们之间建立起来。），可见
通过分享经历，可以建立一种特殊的联系和纽带。故选择B。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are
more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not”（研究发现，经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动
的人比不经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人更容易获得健康;），可见参加艺术活动的人们在身心上都
相对更加健康。故选择D。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in theireducation”（参与艺术的孩子在他们的教育中取得更大的成就）以及“encouraging children to express
themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.”（有助于在以后的
生活中形成健康的情感反应。）可见艺术活动促进了孩子们的学业表现和情感成长。故选择A。
【55题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for
various purposes. Life without art would be boring and dead still, fbr art is a part of what makes us human.”（艺术
对人类的生命至关重要，世界各国为各种目的庆祝和使用艺术。没有艺术的生活将是无聊和死气沉沉的，
因为艺术是我们人类的一部分。）可见艺术是人类重要的部分，文章中也详细描述了艺术对不同人群的好
处。所以短文的最佳标题为“艺术:人类的福祉”。故选择B。
Passage23
【2021年天津卷第一次】 A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of
medical hypnosis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the
amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don't move. It works perfectly. It's amazing,“ said Johanne L'Ecuyer, a
medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are
done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia(麻醉）.
A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist — was invited to train a few members in the medical-
imaging department of the children's hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between
January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified(改变的)state of consciousness. The technologist will
guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the
procedure that follows.
“The technologist must build up a story with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the
power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a
subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure."
Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story — an injection （注射）
becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings
becomes a police car passing nearby.
“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what
the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a
lot of patience and kindness."
The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. It spread like wildfire that
someone from France was here to train the technologists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of
staff at her door wanting to take the training.
45．One of the results produced by the trial project is ________ .
A．a better understanding of children
B．less use of certain medicinesC．new medical-imaging technology
D．an improved reputation of the hospital
46．The French technologist came to the children's hospital to ________.
A．assist in treating a patient
B．carry out hypnosis training
C．start up a new department
D．learn about the procedure
47．According to Paragraph 5, hypnosis works by ________.
A．creating a perfect world for patients
B．forcing patients into a state of deep sleep
C．putting patients into an unconscious state
D．leading patients' consciousness away from reality
48．What can we learn about the story used in the procedure?
A．It should keep pace with the procedure.
B．It reflects the patient's creativity.
C．It is selected by the technologist.
D．It tells what doctors are doing to the patient.
49．The procedure was received among the staff with ________.
A．uncertainty
B．enthusiasm
C．worry
D．criticism
50．What is the passage mainly about?
A．An easy way to communicate with patients.
B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis.
C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology.
D．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以
减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部
门培训几位员工。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to
perform medical-imaging(医学影像)procedures.”（该项目还导致用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少。）可知，
实验的结果之一就是减少某些药物的使用。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段“A French medical-imaging technologist--also a hypnotist -- was invited to train a
few members in the medical-imaging department of the children's hospital.”（一位法国医学影像技术专家——
也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，法国技术专家来儿童医院是做催
眠培训来的。故选B。47．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified （改变的）
state of consciousness. The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will
disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.”（催眠状态不是一种睡眠的状态：而是一种
被改变的意识状态。技术专家会引导病人进入这种改变的状态——一个想象中的世界，它会越来越脱离接
下来的程序）可知，催眠是引导病人的意识远离现实，进入一个想象中的世界。故选D。
48．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this
story”（催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关）以及倒数第二段“The important thing is that
the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head”（重
要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来）可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程
同步。故选A。
49．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段“The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in
January.”（这个程序在一月份开始引进的时候，吸引了很多员工）以及最后一句“She added that she had a
line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.”（她补充说，有一队员工在她门口等着接受培训）可知，
这个催眠程序受到了员工的欢迎。A. uncertainty 不确定；B. enthusiasm 热情；C. worry 担心；D. criticism
批评。故选B。
50．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of
medical hypnosis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the
amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.”（蒙特利尔儿童医院的
一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位
催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中
的应用。故选D。
Passage 24
【2021年天津卷第一次】About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It
worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning.
Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst
into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the
months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The
uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons
on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a
glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed
loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful
attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to
make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it
with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had.
Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after
everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is
tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we
begin.
40．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A．Its tank grew dirty. B．Its old skin came off.
C．It got a skin disease. D．It went missing.
41．Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A．The birthday cake was ruined. B．The author made good puddings.
C．Pudding was his favorite dessert. D．They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
42．Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept.
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
43．The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A．letting go of the past B．looking for a new job
C．getting rid of a bad habit D．giving up an opportunity
44．What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C．We should move on no matter what happens.D．Past experiences should be treasured.
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作
者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把
过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and
children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二
天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤
蜕了下来)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据第六段“Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my
daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass
were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
(就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它
掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉
布丁)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选A。42．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play
baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off
his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer
served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to
live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past
behind.( Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的
决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，
就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都
变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter
how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，
都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者在文章中提到The
Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选C。
43．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had
to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the
past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像
我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意
识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of
change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly
new.(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就
改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it
ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是
以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论
发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选C。
