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考点 27 阅读理解细节理解题（重难题型）
在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例，全国及各省、
市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信
息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我
们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ .
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养
自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的
方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用
略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了
运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：
（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其
相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获
取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原
文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有
关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系
将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔
细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：
题型一 描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发
展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，
对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
（2021·江西·二模）Black Valley, 63 kilometers from downtown Chongqing, is one of the best preserved
natural wonders around the municipality. The national 5A-level scenic spot is a popular summer resort for
sightseeing, forest adventures, outdoor camping, hunting and angling.
Located in Heishan town, Wansheng Economic Development Zone, the scenic spot spans over 103 square
kilometers, 97 percent of which are covered by primitive forests. With over 110,000 negative oxygen ions in each
cubic centimeter of air, it is dubbed as a natural oxygen bar and “the most beautiful healthcare-themed valley.”
Black Valley is also known as “the natural gene bank of Chongqing and Guizhou regions” for the diversity of
its rare plants and wildlife, including Cathaya argyrophylla, Davidia involucrata, Trachypithecus francoisi and
clouded leopards.
Scenic spot level: AAAAA
Address: Heishan town, Wansheng Economic Development Zone, 63 kilometers from downtown Chongqing
Opening hours: 8:30 am - 3:30 pm (peak season from November to February), 9:00 am-3:00 pm (off season from
March to October)
Ideal sightseeing season: from May to SeptemberTicket price: 60 yuan ($8.72) during off season and 100 yuan during peak season, sightseeing bus and cable
not included.
Notes:
1. It is recommended that tourists start from the higher southern area for a downward journey.
2. The average temperature is 18.1 degrees.
3. It’s a good idea to experience the local folk culture of the Miao ethnic group, especially when you choose to
visit in May when the traditional Caishan Festival of Miao ethnic group is celebrated.
1．What can we know about Black Valley?
A．It lies in downtown Chongqing.
B．Plants and wildlife are rarely seen there.
C．A visit there costs at most 100 yuan.
D．The air is very high in negative oxygen ions there.
2．A best time for a visitor and lover of the folk culture to Black Valley is in
A．January. B．March. C．May. D．July.
1．【答案】D
【解析】】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“With over 110,000 negative oxygen ions in each cubic
centimeter of air, it is dubbed as a natural oxygen bar and “the most beautiful healthcare-themed valley.”（空气中
的负氧离子超过11万个每立方厘米，它被称为天然氧吧和“最美丽的医疗主题山谷”）可知，黑山谷的负
氧离子含量很高。故选D项。
2．【答案】C
【解析】】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“It’s a good idea to experience the local folk culture of the Miao
ethnic group, especially when you choose to visit in May when the traditional Caishan Festival of Miao ethnic
group is celebrated.”（体验当地苗族民俗文化是一个不错的主意，特别是当你选择在5月的传统苗族踩山会
的时候去参观。）可知，前往黑山谷的最佳旅游时间是五月。故选C项。
题型二 信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表
等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类
题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找
有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有
着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目
的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解
广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测
等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题
方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结
合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补
充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，
充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写
词有：
Tel. =telephone number
Ph. =phone Add (r). =address
co. =company Ltd=Limited
Max=maximum Min=minimum
hr=hour t=time
fig=figure ft=foot
ml=mile doz=dozen
Mt=Mountain P=page
prof. =professor Dr. =doctor
s=south n=north
w=west Sta=Station
pop=popular vs=versus
Xmas=Christmas info=informationVIP=very important persons hrs=hours
aft=after ad=advertisement
p/t=part time exp=experienced
PC=personal computer MA=Master of Arts
BS degree=bachelor's degree (学士学位)
（2022·广东·广州六中三模）Great Panda Center
Join GoEco on a 7-day volunteer program in China to help wildlife at a giant panda center!
Your schedule
Day 1: Arrive at Chendu Shuangliu International Airport. The local team will be waiting to pick you up and
transfer you to the hotel in Chengdu.
Day 2: Walk around Chengdu, visit Panda Breeding Center and enjoy delicious hot pot dinner.
Day 3-6: Transfer to Panda Base in the mountains and take part in rewarding volunteer work! Each day,
volunteers will work for 4-6 hours and in the evenings, volunteers will take part in cultural activities ranging from
dumpling making to Chinese language lessons.
Day 7: Take a bus to either the airport or Chengdu City Center if extending stay.
Some of your tasks include
• Preparing food for the pandas
• Cutting down and carrying bamboos
• Cleaning panda enclosures
• Occasionally participating in observation and research
Requirements
• Ages 18-50 (This project may accept volunteers who are under 18 with a letter of consent（同意）from a
parent)
• Basic English and/or Chinese
• Motivation to work with animals
Total project cost: $1200
• What’s included
Room: Shared hotel roomFood: Three meals a day
Airport transfers: Airport transfers upon arrival and departure
• What’s not included
Flights, travel health insurance, personal expenses
Important note: Please apply for this program 1-2 months in advance. Families upgrading to private
accommodations must pay an additional charge.
1．What might volunteers do on the sixth day?
A．Visit Panda Breeding Center.
B．Clean panda enclosures.
C．Travel around Chengdu.
D．Depart from Panda Base.
2．What does the project cost include?
A．Accommodations. B．Personal expenses.
C．Travel insurance. D．The air ticket.
3．What is required of applicants?
A．Being fluent in both English and Chinese.
B．Having experience of working with animals.
C．Applying for the program in advance.
D．Being at least 18 years old.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“大熊猫中心”的帮助保护大熊猫的志愿者服务项目。
3．【答案】B
【解析】】细节理解题。根据文章“Your schedule”部分的“Day 3-6: Transfer to Panda Base in the mountains
and take part in rewarding volunteer work! Each day, volunteers will work for 4-6 hours and in the evenings,
volunteers will take part in cultural activities ranging from dumpling making to Chinese language lessons.”（第3-6
天：赶往山里的熊猫基地，参加一些有意义的志愿者工作！志愿者们每天工作4-6个小时。晚上，志愿者
们将参加从饺子制作到汉语课程等文化活动。）以及“Some of your tasks include”部分的“Cleaning panda
enclosures
”（打扫熊猫圈）可知，第六天志愿者仍然在山里的熊猫基地里，第六天可能会打扫熊猫圈。故选B项。
4．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“Total project cost: $1200”部分的“Room: Shared hotel room”（房间:酒店
共享房间）以及“What’s not included”部分的“Flights, travel health insurance, personal expenses”（机票，旅行健康保险，个人费用）可知，费用包括住宿。故选A项。
3.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Important note: Please apply for this program 1-2 months in
advance.”（注意:请提前1-2个月申请。）可知，参加志愿项目的人员要提前申请。故选C项。
题型三 数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结
论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关
系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可
采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不
太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
（2021·全国·二模）According to a survey conducted by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation,
the monarch butterfly is facing a sharp population decline that could soon lead to its extinction.
The monarch butterfly is considered the "king of all butterflies due to its extreme beauty, hence the name
"monarch". The most popular among the North American butterflies, the grand black-and-orange in vertebrate（无
脊椎动物） is known for its yearly mass migration of up to 3,000 miles from the Baja California Peninsula to
California's Central Coast every winter, beautifully covering all the trees along their path.
In 1980, its population was recorded to be about 4. 5 million and by the mid-2000's, there were barely 100,000
remaining. In 2018, the number of monarch butterflies fell down to only 28,260, which makes a 99. 4 percent
decline in 39 years.
"It's mind-boggling. We're now down below 1 percent of the historic population," Says Emma Pelton, a Xerces
Society Conservation biologist.
A variety of factors could be involved to cause the monarch butterflies' near extinction. One could have a co-
relation to the lessening of other insects such as bees and other bird species. Another factor could be due to anumber of human economic activities such as urbanization and illegal logging which lessens the butterflies' habitat,
and pesticides widely used on corn and soybean crops.
Because of these chains of events, an "extinction vortex（旋风）” has occurred where the process
of extinction would be near unstoppable since the species won't be able to reproduce and raise their numbers the
natural way.
The mass disappearance of the monarch butterfly and other endangered species is a wake up call of our little
time remaining to positively shift the direction of the ecological environment for a massive improvement in the
near future, in order to help mother nature and all the other living species in this earth.
12．How many monarch butterflies disappear yearly?
A．About 20,000. B．About 150,000.
C．About 114,660. D．About 44,550.
12．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “In 1980, its population was recorded to be about 4. 5 million and by
the mid-2000's, there were barely 100,000 remaining. In 2018, the number of monarch butterflies fell down to only
28,260, which makes a 99. 4 percent decline in 39 years.”(1980年，其数量约为四百五十万只，到2000年中期，
只剩下10万。2018年，帝王蝶的数量降至28260只，它意味着在39年里下降了99. 4%。)可知，可知平均
每年有（4. 5million-28,260）÷39=114660）只帝王蝶消失。故选 C项。
题型四 排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范
围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说
明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高
考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
（2020·天津·二模）Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict
when and where lightning will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. It can strike between clouds or between a cloud and
the ground. Since lightning carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. It is
difficult to know exactly how many people die of lightning-related causes. European researchers have estimated
that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause powerfailure, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires.
For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. The
system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods.
The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to
cause lightning. The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in
cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative
humidity (湿度) and wind speed. The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (计算程序),
which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the
conditions under which lightning happens.
“Once trained, the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time,” the Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement. “It can now be used anywhere.”
Amirhossein Mostajabi, a PhD student at the institute, said current systems for gathering such data are slow
and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites. “Our method uses data that can be
obtained from any weather station,” he said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by
radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to
create a lightning protection system. Scientists working on the Paris-based project are experimenting with a laser
technology that could someday control lightning activity. The idea is that powerful, ground-based lasers can be
positioned in the sky to direct energy from lightning.
16．Which is the correct order of how the system works?
① develop a prediction model.
② learn to recognize weather conditions.
③ collect related data.
④ input the data onto the computer.
⑤ make predictions.
A．①→②→③→④→⑤ B．③→④→①→②→⑤
C．①→②→④→③→⑤ D．③→①→②→⑤→④
16．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from
weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained torecognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.可知，实验中测试的系统结合了气象站的数据
和机器学习方法。研究人员开发了一个预测模型，经过训练可以识别可能导致闪电的天气状况。由此可知，
系统工作的正确顺序是③→④→①→②→⑤。故选B。
题型五 图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定
法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中
标出相应的内容，以便做题。
The Home of My People
When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 1808, they met the
Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探险者）began to fight with the Indians for their
land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the
government always broke those agreements and demanded more land.Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose
people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）.
“In order to have all people understand how much land we owned, ”he once explained, “my father planted
poles around it and said: ‘Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（坟墓）of our fathers,
and we will never give up these graves to any man. ’”
But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce
onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move.
Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to
Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in.
1. Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation?
A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
1.【答案】D
【解析】】 此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在Nez Perce Reservation所在的位置，然
后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到 Chief Looking Glass camp位于Nez Perce Reservation的南部。
2.【答案】C
【解析】】从地图中我们可以看到， Nez Perce原先所拥有的土地比现在Nez Perce保留区的位置大多了。
6．代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的
情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。（2021·湖北黄冈·一模）French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring smart devices to
school. Lawmakers in France voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other Internet-connected devices from
school grounds. The ban will start in September, “These days, the children don't play at break time anymore,” Jean-
Michel Blanquer, France's education minister, said. “They are just all in front of their smartphones, and from an
educational point of view, that's a problem. Some strict measures must be taken immediately.” A 2010 law bad
already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets
are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their
backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid
students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students.
Alexis Corbiere is a French politician. He said the effort to make such a law should have been put to
something else because teachers have already carried out this rule so far. “I don't know a single teacher in this
country that allows the use of phones in class and in school, ” he told French news channel BFMTV.
How about smartphones in American schools?According to a study by the National Center for Education
Statistics, about 66% of public schools banned devices in 2019, which was down from 91% in 2009. Why the
change? Liz Kolb, a professor at the University of Michigan School of Education, said that parents are concerned
about security in schools. "In the rare case that something may occur, " she said, "the belief by some parents is that
a cell phone could be a useful tool for safety."
24．What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Disabled students.
B．Digital devices.
C．Backpacks.
D．Students' parents.
24．【答案】B
【解析】代词指代题。第一段中划线词句上一句“Students who bring these digital devices to school have to
keep them in their backpacks and turned off, if they want to call their parents, schools will help.(把这些数码设备
带到学校的学生必须把它们放在书包里，并关掉，如果他们想给父母打电话，学校会提供帮助)”说明学生
可以把这些数码设备带到学校关掉不能使用，再根据划线词句“However, the new law doesn’t forbid students
to turn to them during extra-curricular activities.(然而，新法律并不禁止学生在课外活动中求助于them)”转折
的语义可以推断，划线单词“them”指代上文的“数码设备”。故选B项。Passage 1
（2022·河南·模拟预测）The US space agency NASA has revealed an astonishing picture revealing new
secrets of the Earth’s home galaxy (星系), the Milky Way. The sun is just one of hundreds of billions of stars that
form the huge shape of our galaxy. Our solar system sits in an outlying region but the new image focuses on the
centre of the Milky Way, a “noisy” area because of all the crowded stars. Light from this region takes about 26,000
years to reach Earth. For comparison, light takes just eight minutes to reach us from the sun.
The researchers use the data collected by two telescopes that see the sky in ways that are very different from
the visible light our eyes can see to form the new image. Most of the data comes from 370 different pictures taken
over the past 20 years by NASA’s Chandra X Observatory. This satellite telescope detects X-rays out in space. X-
rays are a from of radiation that is sent out when violent events heat matter to temperatures of millions of degrees.
Other data comes from the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa, which can detect radio waves from space. These
waves have much less energy than X-rays. They are usually produced by cooler material, such as huge clouds of
gas between the stars.
The brightest sources include neutron stars which are the cores of huge stars that ran out of fuel and collapsed
to city-sized balls of super hot matter. Many neutron stars and black holes jet out gases that appear in the picture as
purple streaks (斑纹). Powerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets to bend as they get further from their
source. Astronomer Dr Daniel Wang, who has worked on the image over the past year, said the new picture
described “a violent or energetic ecosystem”.
1．What can be learned about the Milky Way?
A．The center of it remains unknown.
B．The sun isn’t located in the center of it.
C．Its center is very peaceful.
D．Its center features fewer stars.
2．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The collection of space data.
B．The function of the MeerKAT telescope.
C．The differences of space waves.D．The formation of the new image.
3．What can we know about the gases jetted out by the black hole?
A．They will absorb surrounding materials.
B．They will form super big matter.
C．They get bent if away from their source.
D．They are likely to explode when superheated.
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Our galaxy’s violent heart B．An attempt to travel in outer space
C．Radio waves from outer space D．Stars’ purple streaks
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于银河系中心不为人知的一些情况。
1．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“The sun is just one of hundreds of billions of stars that form the huge shape
of our galaxy. Our solar system sits in an outlying region but the new image focuses on the centre of the Milky
Way, a noisy area because of all the crowded stars.(太阳只是构成银河系巨大形状的数千亿颗恒星中的一颗。
我们的太阳系位于一个偏远的区域，但新图像聚焦在银河系的中心，一个嘈杂的区域，因为所有的恒星都
很拥挤)”可知，整个太阳系都不在银河系中心，即太阳也不在银河系中心。故选B项。
2．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“The researchers use the data collected by two telescopes that see the sky in
ways that are very different from the visible light our eyes can see to form the new image. (研究人员使用了两台
望远镜收集的数据，它们观察天空的方式与我们肉眼看到的可见光非常不同，从而形成了新的图像)”及过
程描述可知，第二段主要讲述了银河系的新照片的形成。故选D项。
3．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Powerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets to bend as they get
further from their source.(该区域的强大磁场会导致射流在远离源头时发生弯曲)” 可知，黑洞喷出的气体如
果远离其源头就会发生弯曲。故选C项。
4．【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“Astronomer Dr Daniel Wang, who has worked on the image over the
past year, said the new picture described a violent or energetic ecosystem.(天文学家丹尼尔·王博士过去一年一直
在研究这幅图像，他说，这幅新图像描述了一个激烈或充满活力的生态系统)”可知，整篇文章围绕这幅新
图像展开，描述了银河系的中心是激烈或充满活力的。由此可知，Our galaxy’s violent heart(我们星系狂暴的心脏)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
Passage 2
（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）Have a hard time waking up when it’s cold out? Scientists say your brain is to
blame. A study conducted by scientists from Northwestern University made it possible to offer some explanations
for this phenomenon.
Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the fly
brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. It helps explains
why, for both flies and humans, it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter.
“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate
sleep,” said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.
The study describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to
temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of about 25°C．Having recognized those neurons, the researchers
followed them all the way to their targets within the brain. They found their targets are a small group of brain
neurons that are part of a larger network that controls rhythms of activity and sleep. When the neurons they
discovered are active, the target cells, which normally are made active by morning light, are shut down.
“Temperature sensing is one of the most fundamental abilities,” said Gallio, whose group is one of only a few
in the world that are systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the
fly brain, the logic and organization, may be the same all the way to humans. And future studies on human brain
will surely find some reference information in this study.”
5．Why is it hard for flies to wake up in cold mornings?
A．Cold conditions disable the antennas of flies.
B．Flics have fewer neurons in the brain than humans.
C．Coldness stops flies’ neurons from functioning well.
D．Flies’ neurons controlling wakefulness are damaged.
6．What do we know about the study?
A．It focuses mainly on how fly brains work.
B．It helps explain how temperature affects sleep.
C．It aims at solving humans’ sleeping problems.
D．It shows the similarities between fly brains and human brains.
7．Which part of a fruit fly will be made active when it is cold?A．Its antenna. B．Its target cells.
C．Its “absolute cold” receptors. D．Its network controlling sleep.
8．What’s Gallio’s attitude towards the practical value of the findings?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Disappointed.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关温度影响睡眠的研究。
5．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions
can prohibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals,
particularly in the morning. (他们对果蝇的研究表明，季节性寒冷和黑暗的环境会阻止果蝇大脑中促进活动
和清醒的神经元发出信号，尤其是在早上)”可知，果蝇在寒冷的早晨很难醒来因为寒冷阻止果蝇神经元正
常工作。故选C。
6．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and
why temperature is so vital to regulate sleep(通过研究果蝇的行为，我们可以更好地理解温度如何以及为什么
对调节睡眠如此重要)”可知，这项研究有助于解释温度如何影响睡眠。故选B。
7．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“The study describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors in the fly
antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of about 25°C.(该研究首次描述了果
蝇触角上的“绝对低温”接收器，这种受体只对低于果蝇“舒适区”（约25°C）的温度做出反应)”可知，
果蝇的“绝对低温”接收器在寒冷时会活跃起来。故选C。
8．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And future studies on human brain will surely find some reference
information in this study.(未来对人脑的研究一定会在本研究中找到一些参考信息)”可推知，Gallio对这项研
究的实用价值持积极态度。故选A。
Passage 3
（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）New York-based Ecovative has been creating environmentally friendly
packaging made from mushrooms and agricultural waste since 2009. Now, the company wants to bring their
amazing material into homes and offices with a new line of compostable (可堆肥的) furnishings that are grown
using just three materials: mycelium (the vegetative part of mushrooms), hemp (麻类植物), and salt.
While creating hard material from mushrooms might sound magical, the company’s CEO Eben Bayer says it isa relatively low-tech process and compares it to “making bread”. The company begins by adding a few mycelium
cells to damp hemp or other agricultural waste.
The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist with the waste until everything is ”glued“
together. The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold (模具) where it continues to grow
and harden. The resulting material is then baked in the oven. In addition to making it as strong as wood, the heat
also kills the mycelium, thus giving the compostable material a similar shelf life to wood.
Also, though the table tops of the stylish Tafl and King’s tables released at the recently held Biofabricate 2016
conference in New York City resemble marble, they are far from it. The perfectly carved blocks are made of a
material grown by a North Carolina-based company named bioMASON using grains of sands and bacteria.
As you have probably guessed, this waste-free furniture does not come cheap. Customers can expect to pay
anywhere from $249 USD for the Tafl to $699 USD for the King’s table, both of which are only available in limited
quantities. Those that cannot afford those prices can choose cheaper GIY (grow it yourself) ones made of various
products ranging from Christmas tree decorations to lamp shades.
9．Why did Eben compare making hard materials to making bread?
A．Their raw materials are the same. B．Their product appearances are alike.
C．Their production processes are simple. D．Their production costs are relatively low.
10．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The method of making mushrooms hard. B．How to make mushroom furniture materials.
C．What are needed to make mushroom furniture. D．The difficulties of making mushroom furniture.
11．What can we learn about Tafl and King’s tables?
A．They are in limited supply. B．They are offered in GIY forms.
C．They consist mainly of marble. D．They are designed by bioMASON.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Invention of New Kinds of Furniture
B．The First Sale of Furniture Made of Mushrooms
C．Scientists Found New Material to Make Furniture
D．Future Furniture May Be Grown from Mushrooms
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Ecovative公司用蘑菇研发制造了一种未来新型环保家具。
9．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“While creating hard material from mushrooms might sound magical, the
company’s CEO Eben Bayer says it is a relatively low-tech process and compares it to “making bread”.(虽然用蘑菇制造硬材料听起来很神奇，但该公司首席执行官Eben Bayer表示，这是一种技术含量相对较低的过程，
并将其比作“制作面包”)”可知，Eben将制作硬质材料比作制作面包因为他们的生产过程很简单。故选
C。
10．【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist with the waste
until everything is ”glued“ together. The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold (模具)
where it continues to grow and harden. The resulting material is then baked in the oven. In addition to making it as
strong as wood, the heat also kills the mycelium, thus giving the compostable material a similar shelf life to wood.
(菌丝体长得像小茸毛，可以和废料一起扭动，直到所有东西都“粘”在一起。然后将混合物再次混合，放
入想要的模具中，继续生长和硬化。然后将得到的材料放入烤箱烘烤。除了使其像木材一样坚固外，高温
还会杀死菌丝，从而使这种可降解材料的保质期与木材相似)”可知，第三段主要讲的是如何制作蘑菇家具
材料。故选B。
11．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Customers can expect to pay anywhere from $249 USD for the Tafl to
$699 USD for the King’s table, both of which are only available in limited quantities.(顾客可以支付249美元的
Tafl到699美元的King’s tables，这两种都是限量供应的)”可知，Tafl和King’s tables供应有限。故选A。
12．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now, the company wants to bring their amazing material into homes and
offices with a new line of compostable (可堆肥的) furnishings that are grown using just three materials: mycelium
(the vegetative part of mushrooms), hemp (麻类植物), and salt.(现在，该公司希望将他们的神奇材料带入家庭
和办公室，他们推出了一种新的可堆肥家具系列，这种家具只使用三种材料生长：菌丝（蘑菇的营养部
分）、麻类植物和盐)”结合文章主要介绍了Ecovative公司用蘑菇研发制造了一种未来新型环保家具。可知，
D选项“未来的家具可能是从蘑菇中生长出来的”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Passage 4
（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Instead of a human deliveryman, Beijing resident Xiao Wei received his online
order for daily necessities in less than 30 minutes from an unmanned delivery vehicle.
The four-wheeled vehicle named “magic bag” is 1.56 meters high, 2.77 meters long, and 1.19 meters wide.
Weighing 500 kg, it can carry about 100 kg of goods at a time and run a distance of 100 km on a single charge with
a maximum traveling speed of 20 kph.
After customers place orders on the Meituan app, an intelligent distribution system will assign orders to thoseautonomous vehicles, which will pick up and deliver goods to pick-up stations at the final destinations. Customers
can collect the delivery from the stations without any human contact during the whole process, said Meituan
Dianping, China’s major online food delivery platform.
“I can check the real-time route of the driverless vehicle. It is fast, convenient and safe as well,” said Xiao.
“This is also the first time that Meituan has used unmanned vehicles to complete delivery orders on open roads.”
Meanwhile, according to Meituan, daily sales on its retail grocery service app have increased by 200 to 300 percent
in Beijing compared to figures from before the epidemic.
The catering（餐饮）chain brand Xiaoheng Dumplings has cooperated with an unmanned vehicle enterprise
to pilot unmanned vehicle delivery services in Beijing. Li Heng, the founder of Xiaoheng Dumplings, believes
unmanned delivery is the future of the industry as it is cleaner, safer and more efficient. “An unmanned vehicle can
deliver 300 to 400 meals a day, while a deliveryman can only deliver dozens of meals,” Li said. Xiaoheng’s
unmanned vehicles have a heat preservation function. A new type of vehicle with a freezing function will be
introduced in the future to deliver frozen food.
Meituan and Xiaoheng will continue the unmanned delivery service in the future. More varieties of goods,
including food, medicine, and daily necessities, will be added to such delivery services.
13．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The origin of driverless delivery vehicles.
B．The introduction of driverless delivery vehicles.
C．The reason for using driverless delivery vehicles.
D．The background of creating driverless delivery vehicles.
14．What are customers required to do to place orders?
A．Contact the food delivery platform.
B．Collect groceries at the pick-up station.
C．Download a Meituan app.
D．Track the real-time route of the vehicle.
15．What is Li Heng’s attitude towards unmanned delivery vehicles?
A．Favorable. B．Suspicious. C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.
16．What can we learn from the text?
A．Driverless vehicles have been in operation in many cities.
B．More types of goods will be delivered by driverless vehicles.C．Driverless vehicles can hand goods to the customers directly.
D．Meituan is experiencing a huge labor shortage of delivering.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶配送车辆帮助顾客快速配送网上订购的商品。
13．【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“The four-wheeled vehicle named “magic bag” is 1.56 meters high, 2.77
meters long, and 1.19 meters wide. Weighing 500 kg, it can carry about 100 kg of goods at a time and run a
distance of 100 km on a single charge with a maximum traveling speed of 20 kph. (这款名为“魔法袋”的四轮汽
车高1.56米，长2.77米，宽1.19米。它重500公斤，一次可携带约100公斤货物，单次充电可跑100公里，
最大行驶速度20公里/小时。)”可知，本段主要是无人驾驶运载工具的介绍。故选B。
14．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“After customers place orders on the Meituan app, an intelligent distribution
system will assign orders to those autonomous vehicles, which will pick up and deliver goods to pick-up stations at
the final destinations. Customers can collect the delivery from the stations without any human contact during the
whole process, said Meituan Dianping, China’s major online food delivery platform. (客户在美团app上下单后，
智能配送系统会将订单分配给这些自动驾驶车辆，这些车辆会将货物提取并送到最终目的地的取货站。中
国主要的在线外卖平台美团点评表示，顾客可以在整个过程中不需要任何人际接触就可以从外卖站取
货。)”可知，客户下单后只需要在取货站取货。故选B。
15．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Li Heng, the founder of Xiaoheng Dumplings, believes unmanned delivery
is the future of the industry as it is cleaner, safer and more efficient. “An unmanned vehicle can deliver 300 to 400
meals a day, while a deliveryman can only deliver dozens of meals,” Li said. Xiaoheng’s unmanned vehicles have a
heat preservation function. A new type of vehicle with a freezing function will be introduced in the future to deliver
frozen food. (小恒饺子的创始人李恒认为，无人配送更清洁、更安全、更高效，是该行业的未来。“一辆
无人驾驶汽车每天可以送300到400顿饭，而快递员只能送几十顿饭，”李说。“小恒”的无人驾驶汽车
具有保温功能。未来将推出一种具有冷冻功能的新型车辆，用于运送冷冻食品。)”可推断，李恒对无人运
载工具的态度是赞成的。故选A。
16．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meituan and Xiaoheng will continue the unmanned delivery service in
the future. More varieties of goods, including food, medicine, and daily necessities, will be added to such delivery
services. (美团和小恒未来将继续提供无人送货服务。增加食品、药品、生活必需品等商品的配送品种。)”可知，更多种类的商品将由无人驾驶车辆配送。故选B。
Passage 5
（2022·福建厦门·模拟预测）Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic
innards but also in its hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27
buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there
for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization,
structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.
The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off
by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic
instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in
your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers
drill into the earth. And of course, radiation is key to cancer treatment.
The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and
find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. It might also barn workers if something accidentally goes wrong
during a normal nine-to-five day. In 2017 alone, according to a report from the James Martin Center for
Nonproliferation Studies, there were 171 “incidents of nuclear or other radioactive materials outside of regulatory
control” based on open source reports, 104 of which happened in the U.S.
An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S.
cities. “Where is the most high-risk material located around the most people?” says Emily Adams, deputy director
of a domestic program in the Office of Radiological Security. “And that’s how we got our 100.”
17．What message does the author seem to convey in paragraph 1?
A．Radioactive substances can warm our planet.
B．Food processing does harm to workers in plants.
C．The radioactive material is basically everywhere.
D．It’s hard to remove scary-sounding elements in buildings.
18．Why does the author mention “well logging” in paragraph 2?
A．To make a summary. B．To raise a question.
C．To provide a contrast. D．To support an idea.
19．What is RadSecure 100 intended for?
A．Making use of energetic substances. B．Ensuring safety of the radioactive material.C．Warning people of the most high-risk material D．Protecting the Office of Radiological Security.
20．What is the writer’s attitude towards the radioactive material?
A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Disapproval. D．Carefree.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们的星球有许多放射性物质，这些物质可以发挥好的作用，
但是也存在一定的隐患。
17．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic
innards but also in is hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27
buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there
for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization,
structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.(我们的星球是许多放射性物质的家园——不仅存在
于地质内部，而且存在于医院、工业场所和食品加工厂。例如，在科罗拉多州，27栋建筑里存放着听起来
可怕的化学元素，比如铯137和钴60。不过，这些材料并不是用于危险目的。它们在癌症治疗、血液辐照、
医疗和食品灭菌、结构和设备测试、地质勘探等方面发挥作用)”可推知，作者在第一段中似乎想传达的信
息是放射性物质基本上到处都是。故选C。
18．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it
can be a useful tool. The rays given off by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make
your apples last longer. Radiographic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-
ray picking up a hairline fracture in your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to
map the geology of holes oil seekers drill into the earth.(放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以
是一种有用的工具。铯和钴释放出的射线可以杀死肉中繁殖的细菌，让苹果的寿命更长。比如说，放射设
备可以探测到城市管道的裂缝，就像X光检查出膝盖的细微骨折一样。一种被称为“测井”的方法使用密
封的放射源来绘制石油勘探者在地球上钻的洞的地质图)”可推知，作者在第二段提到“well-logging”是为了
支持放射性物质可以是一种有用的工具这样一个观点，故选D。
19．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better
secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities.(一项名为RadSecure 100的倡议发起了，目的是在100个美国城市
移除并更好地保护含能材料)”可知，RadSecure 100的用途是确保放射性物质的安全。故选B。
20．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it
can be a useful tool. (放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一种有用的工具)”以及倒数第二
段中“The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and
find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. (风险之所以会增加，是因为同样有益的放射性物质也可能被
偷或放错地方，进入贩运团伙或脏弹)”可知，作者说明了放射性物质的好处和坏处，即可推知，作者对放
射性物质的态度是客观的。故选B。
Passage 6
（2022·陕西·宝鸡中学模拟预测）For thousands of years, mankind has bred plants and animals to create
more desired and useful plants and animals. For instance, modern corn has been bred to such a large size that it is
no longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk; and if they are
not often drained of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Furthermore, most
domesticated dogs can not survive in the wild even with special training. Since natural evolution is extremely slow
and mankind’s selective breeding programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species,
natural evolution has already taken a backseat to mankind’s breeding programs.
Additionally, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For instance, there are no more
European wolves in existence and mammoths probably became extinct because of mankind. Even certain diseases
have been permanently eradicated (根除) from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon follow. Again,
natural evolution did not cause most extinction during humanity’s reign.
Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than
evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be artificially created and destroyed, while
natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only haphazardly (偶然地). Scientists are even
able to replace flawed (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes in an attempt to cure genetic defects. This
is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct.
Eventually scientists will be able to enhance even people. For example, imagine not only correcting your
eyesight with gene therapy, but also ensuring that all of your descendants do not inherit your old genes of poor
eyesight to. Scientists will one day be able to enhance the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they
will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize babies before they
are born just like picking options at a car dealership.
In the near future, natural evolution in the genetic code of any species can be quickly fixed if desired. As a
result, natural evolution is doomed.21．From Paragraph 1 we learn that ______ .
A．selective breeding has improved all species
B．only selective breeding can make up for natural losses
C．modern corn can’t able to reproduce itself due to selective breeding
D．natural evolution can’t do without man’s assistance
22．The underlined word “backseat ” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ______ ” .
A．powerful assistance B．important part
C．bad fortune D．secondary position
23．What do we know from the passage?
A．Selective breeding is partly beneficial to humans.
B．Genetic defects won’t be inherited due to natural evolution.
C．Natural evolution can’t create new species.
D．Selective breeding can determine the sex of babies.
24．The author mainly wants to tell us that ______ .
A．selective breeding will cause the extinction of many species
B．natural evolution is almost dead with the development of selective breeding
C．selective breeding has aroused attention from all over the world
D．natural evolution survives strongly although it is in danger
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了人为进化的好处，如奶牛可以专门产奶，玉米的产量比以前也高很
多，但是离开人类的照料那些动植物都不会很好的生存。在不久的将来，任何物种的遗传密码中的自然进
化都可以在需要的情况下迅速得到修复。因此，自然进化是注定的。
21．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“For instance, modern corn has been bred to such a large size that it is no
longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance.(例如，现代玉米已经被培育到如此大的尺寸，以至于没有
人类的帮助它无法自己繁殖)”可知，由于选择性育种，现代玉米无法自己繁殖。故选C项。
22．【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前“Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective
breeding programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species(由于自然进化极其缓慢，而
人类的选择性繁殖程序只需要几代人就能产生一个全新的物种)”可知，人类的选择性繁殖速度比自然进化
快得多，由此可推知，“natural evolution has already taken a backseat to mankind’s breeding programs”意为：
自然进化已经让位于人类的繁殖计划，backseat意为“次要位置”。故选D项。23．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“For thousands of years, mankind has bred plants and animals to create
more desired and useful plants and animals.(几千年来，人类一直在培育植物和动物，以创造出更理想、更有
用的植物和动物)”及第二段中“Additionally, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together.(此
外，人类还成功地消灭了几个物种)”和“and dozens of other diseases will soon follow(其他几十种疾病也将接
踵而至)”可知，选择性繁殖可以为人类带来财富，但也会导致物种灭绝，产生新的疾病，所以选择性繁殖
只在一定程度上对人类有益。故选A项。
24．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段“In the near future, natural evolution in the genetic code
of any species can be quickly fixed if desired. As a result, natural evolution is doomed.(在不久的将来，任何物种
的遗传密码中的自然进化都可以在需要的情况下迅速得到修复。因此，自然进化是注定的)”可知，文章讲
述了人为进化相比自然进化的好处及随之而来的问题，最后作者指出，自然进化可以在需要的情况下迅速
得到修复，因而自然进化是注定的，所以文章想告诉我们，自然进化虽然处于危险之中，但仍会顽强地幸
存下来，故选D项。
【2022年高考真题】
1.【2022年全国甲卷C篇】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，
渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28.【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she
toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一
直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，
她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由
此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap
deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一
刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans,
was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这
是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段
“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
(这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni
Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，
An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
2.【2022年新高考2卷B篇】
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But Iwill make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself?
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童
读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with
my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新
时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春
节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选
B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a
tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my
storybook was like that. (事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开
心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故
事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I
edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，
我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为
自己懂数码技术。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent
little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. (然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差
距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
3.【2022年新高考Ⅰ卷A篇】
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or
tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to
take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or
short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get
a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
21.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办
法)”和 Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this
course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得
出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
22.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-
Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
23.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn
a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你
将会得零分。故选A项。
【2021年】
2.【2021年全国甲卷A篇】
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s
entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh
Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films
and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences
and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for
the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a
place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to
do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family
shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100
years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is
Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.
22. What can people do at the Glee Club?
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.
C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.
23. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre?
A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。
21.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“St David’s Hall”部分中的“St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh
Proms Cardiff (St David’s Hall是Cardiff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地)”可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活
动在St David’s Hall举办。故选D。
22.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“The Glee Club”部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour
and brilliant live music, you should start here (如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始)”可知，人们可以在The Glee Club享受喜剧。故选B。
23.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“New Theatre”部分中的“The New Theatre has been the home of quality
drama, musicians, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years (100 多年来，New Theatre一直是优质戏
剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地)”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选A。
3.【2022年全国乙卷A篇】
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir
Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of
his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in
the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
DUNCAN THOMSON JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the
Raeburn’s Portraits 18th Century
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday— Saturday 10.00 — 17.45 Sunday 12.00 — 17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24 — 26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including
those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的
相关情况。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期
四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英
镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿
童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time
education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学
生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场
费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。
4.【2022年新高考2卷】
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play $7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a
post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must bereceived within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an
extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to
discuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business
days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.
1. What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship?
A. Prepay the admission fees. B. Use the Museum’s transportation.
C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit on weekdays.
2. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
3. What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum?
A. Using the computer. B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits. D. Exploring the place alone.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Scholarship标题下“We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. (我们会视情况而定，为低收入学校和青年
组织提供奖学金，并需要其参与访问后调查问卷)”可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要在参加一个访
后的调查问卷，与选项C“Take a survey after the visit. (接受参观后的问卷调查)”属于同义替换，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Group Size”标题下“We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. (我们要求每十
个孩子有一个监护人)”可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Guidelines”标题下“Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
(无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域)”可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆，即儿童不
能单独进入博物馆进行探索。与选项D“Exploring the place alone. (独自探索博物馆)”属于同义替换，故选
D。
5.【2022新高考1卷B】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的
首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人
一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻
菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通
过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to
grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it
would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的
水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个
国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境
的危害。故选B。【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers
food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations
and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries?
Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的
首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，
收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或
干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more
food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,”
Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，
还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。
故选A。
【2021年高考真题】
1.【2021年新高考Ⅰ卷A篇】
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel （旅社）. The
hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around＄25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a
central location（位置）with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's
one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere
without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun.
Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There's also an
area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.Youth Station Hostel
If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers
beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn't charge city tax; it has both
air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's
close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the
city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for
Wi-Fi.
1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A.Comfort. B.Security. C.Price. D.Location.
2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A.Yellow Hostel. B.Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C.Youth Station Hostel. D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?
A.It gets noisy at night. B.Its staff is too talkative.
C.It charges for Wi-Fi. D.Its inconveniently located.
【文章大意】本文为应用文，主要介绍罗马四个旅行社的特色。
1. 【答案C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why…"可知，在罗马旅
游可能会很昂贵，因此人们会比较关注价格因素。故选C。
2.【答案B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据题干"an active social life"定位到第三段第一句"If you love social hostels, this is
the best hostel for you in Rome."可知，Hostel Alessandro Palace最适合社交。故选B。
3.【答案C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干定位到第五段，由第五段最后一句 "However, you need to pay 2 euros a
day for Wi-Fi." 可知，HHDA旅馆的Wi-Fi是收费的。故选C。
2.【2021新高考1卷 B篇】By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria
Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I
can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past
four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break
the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure
you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot, " Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to
50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has
their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for
the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, " Mr Titterton
said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once
asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I
have to say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
2.Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
3.What does Titterton need to practise?
A.Counting the pages.
B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects.
D.Performing in his own style.
4. Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worst page turner" ?
A.He has very poor eyesight.
B.He ignores the audience.C.He has no interest in music.
D.He forgets to do his job.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了律师Robert Titterton在空闲时间担任乐谱翻页者，配合钢琴
家演出的故事。
1. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干信息be able to do定位到第三段A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have
to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go
back to the right spot.可知，做一名page turner需要能够找到音乐中重复的部分，然后翻回到乐谱正确的地
方。因此做一名page turner需要能够读懂音乐。故选A。
2. 【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干选项定位到第五段。分析语境可知，他在工作中有时还要处理突发事件，
例如会有翻开一页乐谱的风导致其他的乐谱掉落的情况。因此，可以形容这份工作是让人费神费力的。故
选C。
3.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干信息need to practice定位到第四段第一句Being a page turner requires plenty
of practice.这句话后面说明了page turner需要能够捕捉到演奏者的点头致意，根据这一信号来翻页，这是需
要配合练习的。故选B。
4.【答案】
D【解析】细节理解题。根据题干信息the worst page turner定位到最后一段。分析可知，说话人的丈夫总
是过度沉迷于音乐本身而忘记翻页，以至于她必须告诉他该翻页了。故选D。
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】
Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life—his
uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make
a career（职业）in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved
forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a
few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for
another eight yeas until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing
comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until 1980—
32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movieled him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial
success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that
he always felt he should do, but even during his last few year he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering
what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with
little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given
up on, can make for a remarkable life.
1.Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?
A.He enjoyed watching movies.
B.He was eager to earn money.
C.He wanted to be like his uncle.
D.He felt he was good at acting.
2.What do we know about Nelsen in the second half of his career?
A.He directed some high quality movies.
B.He avoided taking on new challenges.
C.He focused on playing dramatic roles.
D.He became a successful comedy actor.
3.What does Nielsen's career story tell us?
A.Art is long, life is short.
B.He who laughs last laughs longest.
C.It's never too late to learn.
D.Where there's a will there's a way.
【文章大意】本文记叙文。文章介绍了著名影视明星Nielsen的成名之路。
1. 【答案C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段前两句 "Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one
particular shining star in his life—his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle
earned inspired Nielsen to make a career（职业）in acting." 可知，尼尔森的叔叔是著名演员，叔叔赢得的钦
佩和尊重激励他成为演员，故选C。2.【答案D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话 "That movie led him into the second half of his career where his
comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it
highly." 可知，在他职业生涯的后半段，他的喜剧表现已十分卓越，故选D。
3.【答案 D
【解析】推断题。根据最后一段最后一句 "He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make
for a remarkable life." 可知，尼尔森的故事告诉我们只要不放弃便可成就非凡人生，即有志者事竟成
（Where there's a will there's a way.）。
